{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:35:44Z","timestamp":1790775344677,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nantong University Clinical Medicine Special Research Fund Project","award":["2024JY037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JY037"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The widespread use of antimicrobial agents correlated with the increasing incidence of nosocomial infections and bacterial antibiotic resistance. These have become major challenges in the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The aims of this study were to analyze the distribution and characteristics of ESKAPE pathogenic bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profile among clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in China from 2018 to 2023. The results showed that a total of 20,472 non-duplicated pathogenic bacteria were isolated from clinical specimens in this hospital between 2018 and 2023, of which the top five pathogenic bacteria were <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>. In case of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> the main detected resistance genes were <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M,<\/jats:sub> <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub>. <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> mainly carried <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub> genes. <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> was mainly positive for <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub>, AmpC type beta-lactamases and <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub> genes. <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> mainly carried <jats:italic>ArmA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub> and <jats:italic>cas3<\/jats:italic> genes. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was mainly positive for <jats:italic>mecA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>erm(C)<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>erm(A)<\/jats:italic> genes. In this study, we have found that the antibiotic resistance of common pathogens from clinical isolates in a tertiary hospital in China in the past 6 years is severe, and <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> was particularly a prominent pathogen. There is an urgent need to strengthen the prevention and control of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial drug management in order to curb the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2025.02612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T11:33:49Z","timestamp":1750073629000},"page":"127-138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of ESKAPE pathogens in clinical isolates in a tertiary care hospital in China from 2018 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Limin","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Danyang (Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University), Danyang City, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Danyang (Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University), Danyang City, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiya","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Danyang (Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University), Danyang City, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1944-6338","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Danyang (Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University), Danyang City, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiajun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Danyang (Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University), Danyang City, Jiangsu Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"B1","series-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3805","article-title":"Evaluation of the nanosphere verigene BC-GN assay for direct identification of gram-negative bacilli and antibiotic resistance markers from positive blood cultures and potential impact for more-rapid antibiotic interventions","volume":"52","author":"Hill JT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill JT, Tran KD, Barton KL, Labreche MJ, Sharp SE. Evaluation of the nanosphere verigene BC-GN assay for direct identification of gram-negative bacilli and antibiotic resistance markers from positive blood cultures and potential impact for more-rapid antibiotic interventions. J\u00a0Clin Microbiol 2014; 52(10): 3805\u20137."},{"issue":"10","key":"B2","series-title":"Pharmacotherapy","first-page":"949","article-title":"Infections caused by resistant gram-negative bacteria: epidemiology and management","volume":"35","author":"Kaye KS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaye KS, Pogue JM. Infections caused by resistant gram-negative bacteria: epidemiology and management. Pharmacotherapy 2015; 35(10): 949\u201362."},{"issue":"10325","key":"B3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"629","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2022; 399(10325): 629\u2013655."},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","series-title":"Chin J Antibiot","first-page":"393","article-title":"Comparison of antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs in the European","volume":"44","author":"Luo X","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo X, Xu Z-H, Zhang W-J, Liu C, Li Z-G, Hao H-H. Comparison of antimicrobial resistance surveillance programs in the European. Chin J Antibiot 2019; 44(4): 393\u2013400."},{"issue":"5","key":"B5","series-title":"Mil Med","first-page":"329","article-title":"Current global antimicrobial resistance and countermeasures","volume":"41","author":"Wang L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang L, Cao W. Current global antimicrobial resistance and countermeasures. Mil Med 2017; 41(5): 329\u2013333."},{"key":"B6","article-title":"World bank: infections could cause global economic damage by 2050[EB\/OL]","unstructured":"World bank: infections could cause global economic damage by 2050[EB\/OL]. http:\/\/www.businessjournalng.com\/world-bank-infections-cause-global-economic-damage-2050\/."},{"issue":"7","key":"B7","series-title":"Pathog Glob Health","first-page":"309","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon","volume":"109","author":"Prestinaci F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prestinaci F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A. Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathog Glob Health 2015; 109(7): 309\u201318."},{"issue":"12","key":"B8","series-title":"Chin J Infect Control","first-page":"1264","article-title":"National action plan to curb microbial resistance (2022\u20132025)","volume":"21","year":"2022","unstructured":"National action plan to curb microbial resistance (2022\u20132025) Chin J Infect Control, 2022, 21(12): 1264\u20131266."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"National clinical laboratory procedures","first-page":"648","author":"Sang H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sang H, Wang Y, Shen Y. National clinical laboratory procedures, 4th ed. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House; 2015. p. 648\u2013653."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist","first-page":"76","article-title":"CHINET efforts to control antimicrobial resistance in China","volume":"21","author":"Hu F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu F, Wang M, Zhu D, Wang F. CHINET efforts to control antimicrobial resistance in China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 21: 76\u201377."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty third informational supplement","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty third informational supplement. CLSI; 2022."},{"issue":"10","key":"B12","series-title":"Chin J Antibiot","first-page":"1203","article-title":"Surveillance of bacterial resistance in bloodstream infections in a secondary hospital in chongqing from 2013 to 2017","volume":"44","author":"Xia J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xia J. Surveillance of bacterial resistance in bloodstream infections in a secondary hospital in chongqing from 2013 to 2017. Chin J Antibiot 2019; 44(10): 1203\u20131208."},{"key":"B13","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL)","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. 2024 Feb 2","author":"Smith HZ","year":"2025 Jan","unstructured":"Smith HZ, Hollingshead CM, Kendall B. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. 2024 Feb 2. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL). StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 31869168."},{"issue":"2","key":"B14","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance surveillance: China's nearly 40-year effort","volume":"62","author":"Ding L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding L, Guo Y, Hu FP. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance: China's nearly 40-year effort. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62(2): 106869."},{"issue":"5","key":"B15","series-title":"Infect Public Health","first-page":"713","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characteristics of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the respiratory tracts of Chinese adults with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Li Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Tang YY, Qiao Z, Jiang Z, Wang Z, Xu H, et al. Prevalence and molecular characteristics of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the respiratory tracts of Chinese adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Infect Public Health 2023; 16(5): 713\u2013718."},{"issue":"10","key":"B16","series-title":"Antimicrob Chemother","first-page":"2763","article-title":"Characteristics of community-acquired carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales","volume":"77","author":"Shrestha R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shrestha R, Luterbach CL, Dai WX, Komarow L, Earley M, Weston G, et al. Characteristics of community-acquired carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales. Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77(10): 2763\u20132771."},{"key":"B17","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"313","article-title":"Colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in health care and community settings in Botswana: an antibiotic resistance in communities and hospitals(ARCH)study","volume":"122","author":"Mannathoko N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mannathoko N, Mosepele M, Gross R, Smith RM, Alby K, Glaser L, et al. Colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in health care and community settings in Botswana: an antibiotic resistance in communities and hospitals(ARCH)study. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122: 313\u2013320."},{"issue":"5","key":"B18","series-title":"Chin J Infect Chemother","first-page":"521","article-title":"Bacterial drug resistance surveillance in CHINET China 2021","volume":"22","author":"Hu F-P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu F-P, Guo Y, Zhu D-M, Wang F, Jiang X-F, Xu Y-C, et al. Bacterial drug resistance surveillance in CHINET China 2021. Chin J Infect Chemother 2022; 22(5): 521\u2013530."},{"issue":"12","key":"B19","series-title":"China Trop Med","first-page":"1433","article-title":"Analysis of bacterial drug resistance in clinical isolates from western China in 2021","volume":"24","author":"Yang D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang D, Zhao D, Tao J, Huang W-H, Fan R-J, Hui Y-X, et al. Analysis of bacterial drug resistance in clinical isolates from western China in 2021. China Trop Med 2024; 24(12): 1433\u20131438."},{"issue":"1","key":"B20","series-title":"Commun Biol","first-page":"51","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli exhibit diverse spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics across the globe","volume":"7","author":"Huang J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang J, Lv C, Li M, Rahman T, Chang YF, Guo X, et al. Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli exhibit diverse spatiotemporal epidemiological characteristics across the globe. Commun Biol 2024; 7(1): 51."},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"J Clin Emerg Med","first-page":"40","article-title":"Surveillance results of carbapenem antibiotic resistance among common gram-negative bacteria in CHINET, China, 2005\u20132018","volume":"20","author":"Zheng S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng S, Li P, Zhang Z, Pei H-H. Surveillance results of carbapenem antibiotic resistance among common gram-negative bacteria in CHINET, China, 2005\u20132018. J Clin Emerg Med 2019; 20(1): 40\u201344."},{"issue":"12","key":"B22","series-title":"J Mol Diagn Ther","first-page":"1670","article-title":"The distribution characteristics of 162 cases of CRE infection and evaluation of measures to reduce bacterial infection","volume":"12","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liang J, Zhang F. The distribution characteristics of 162 cases of CRE infection and evaluation of measures to reduce bacterial infection. J Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 12(12): 1670\u20131673."},{"issue":"2","key":"B23","series-title":"J Clin Diagn Res","first-page":"224","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the in-vitro activity of six \u03b2-lactam\/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations against gram negative Bacilli","volume":"7","author":"Sood S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sood S. Comparative evaluation of the in-vitro activity of six \u03b2-lactam\/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations against gram negative Bacilli. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7(2): 224\u20138."},{"issue":"18","key":"B24","series-title":"J Mol Biol","first-page":"3472","article-title":"\u03b2-Lactamases and \u03b2-Lactamase inhibitors in the 21st century","volume":"431","author":"Tooke CL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tooke CL, Hinchliffe P, Bragginton EC, Colenso CK, Hirvonen VHA, Takebayashi Y, et\u00a0al. \u03b2-Lactamases and \u03b2-Lactamase inhibitors in the 21st century. J Mol Biol 2019; 431(18): 3472\u20133500."},{"issue":"6","key":"B25","series-title":"Chin J Infect Chemother","first-page":"627","article-title":"Bacterial drug resistance surveillance in CHINET China 2023","volume":"24","author":"Guo Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo Y, Hu F-P, Zhu D-M, Wang F, Jiang X-F, Xu Y-C, et al. Bacterial drug resistance surveillance in CHINET China 2023. Chin J Infect Chemother 2024; 24(6): 627\u2013637."},{"issue":"6","key":"B26","series-title":"Zool Res","first-page":"488","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: new hope in the war against multidrug resistance","volume":"40","author":"Mwangi J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mwangi J, Hao X, Lai R, Zhang ZY. Antimicrobial peptides: new hope in the war against multidrug resistance. Zool Res 2019; 40(6): 488\u2013505."},{"issue":"11","key":"B27","series-title":"Chin J Sterilization","first-page":"828","article-title":"Analysis of the clinical distribution of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a hospital","volume":"38","author":"Hu Y-H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu Y-H, Wang Y-L, Yang G-Q, Xie H, Zhou P-F. Analysis of the clinical distribution of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a hospital. Chin J Sterilization 2021; 38(11): 828\u2013831+835."},{"issue":"6","key":"B28","series-title":"Chin J Antibiot","first-page":"678","article-title":"Correlation of point mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii with drug resistance and biofilm characteristics","volume":"48","author":"Li Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Z, Yang P, Yin Y, Chen D-J. Correlation of point mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii with drug resistance and biofilm characteristics. Chin J Antibiot 2023; 48(6): 678\u2013685."},{"issue":"6","key":"B29","series-title":"J Trop Med","first-page":"809","article-title":"Genotyping of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and in vitro inhibitory effect of Shuanghuanglian","volume":"22","author":"Xi H-L","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xi H-L, Huang W-J, Li J, Yang L-N. Genotyping of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and in vitro inhibitory effect of Shuanghuanglian. J Trop Med 2022; 22(6): 809\u2013812+836."},{"issue":"11","key":"B30","series-title":"J Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ (Medical Edition)","first-page":"1396","article-title":"Alteration of drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in response to changes in environmental meropenem concentration and its mechanism","volume":"43","author":"Zhao F-M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao F-M, Peng M, Peng X-L, Shu W-W, Peng L. Alteration of drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in response to changes in environmental meropenem concentration and its mechanism. J Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ (Medical Edition) 2023; 43(11): 1396\u20131407."},{"issue":"5","key":"B31","series-title":"Pathog Glob Health","first-page":"251","article-title":"Genotyping and molecular characterization of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a single hospital in Southwestern Iran","volume":"114","author":"Farajzadeh Sheikh A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farajzadeh Sheikh A, Savari M, Abbasi Montazeri E, Khoshnood S. Genotyping and molecular characterization of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a single hospital in Southwestern Iran. Pathog Glob Health 2020; 114(5): 251\u2013261."},{"issue":"7","key":"B32","series-title":"Toxins (Basel).","first-page":"464","article-title":"Exploring the role of Staphylococcus aureus in inflammatory diseases","volume":"14","author":"Chen H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen H, Zhang J, He Y, Lv Z, Liang Z, Chen J, et al. Exploring the role of Staphylococcus aureus in inflammatory diseases. Toxins (Basel). 2022; 14(7): 464."},{"issue":"15","key":"B33","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"8088","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"23","author":"Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska B, Kowalewski C, Krolak-Ulinska A, Marusza W. Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23(15): 8088."},{"issue":"1","key":"B34","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"86","article-title":"Current status of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec)","volume":"11","author":"Uehara Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uehara Y. Current status of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11(1): 86."},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Methods Mol Biol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9849-4_4","article-title":"Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) analysis of MRSA","volume":"2069","author":"Yamaguchi T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamaguchi T, Ono D, Sato A. Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) analysis of MRSA. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2069: 59\u201378."},{"issue":"2","key":"B36","series-title":"Ochsner J","first-page":"136","article-title":"Change in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus testing in the intensive care unit as an antimicrobial stewardship initiative","volume":"23","author":"Smith HL","year":"2023 Summer","unstructured":"Smith HL, DuMontier SP, Bushman AM, Hurdelbrink JR, Yost WJ, Craig SR. Change in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus testing in the intensive care unit as an antimicrobial stewardship initiative. Ochsner J 2023 Summer; 23(2): 136\u2013146."},{"issue":"1","key":"B37","series-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance among pediatric healthcare-associated infections reported to the national healthcare safety network, 2011\u20132014","volume":"39","author":"Lake JG","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lake JG, Weiner LM, Milstone AM, Saiman L, Magill SS, See I. Pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance among pediatric healthcare-associated infections reported to the national healthcare safety network, 2011\u20132014. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39(1): 1\u201311."},{"issue":"1","key":"B38","series-title":"CommunBiol","first-page":"618","article-title":"Thepro-inflammatory effect of staphylokinase contributes to community-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia","volume":"5","author":"Wang YN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang YN, Zhao N, Jian Y, Liu Y, Zhao L, He L, et al. Thepro-inflammatory effect of staphylokinase contributes to community-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. CommunBiol 2022; 5(1): 618."},{"issue":"1","key":"B39","series-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis and virulence characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST764-SCC mec\u2161: an emerging hyper virulent clone ST764-t 1084 in China","volume":"12","author":"Xiao YH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao YH, Han WH, Wang BJ, Xu Y, Zhao H, Wang X, et al. Phylogenetic analysis and virulence characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST764-SCC mec\u2161: an emerging hyper virulent clone ST764-t 1084 in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12(1): 2165969."}],"container-title":["Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/72\/2\/article-p127.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/72\/2\/article-p127.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/72\/2\/article-p127.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T14:21:47Z","timestamp":1750429307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/72\/2\/article-p127.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/030.2025.02612","relation":{},"ISSN":["1217-8950","1588-2640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1217-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]}}}