{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T13:00:15Z","timestamp":1764248415099,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study evaluated the reliability of different laboratory methods for detecting resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics\u2014vancomycin and teicoplanin\u2014in clinical\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates. While automated systems are widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories due to their efficiency and ease of use, they may yield inaccurate results when assessing glycopeptide susceptibility. A total of 87 previously collected clinical isolates (22\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 65 CoNS), initially identified as resistant to at least one of the vancomycin or teicoplanin by an automated system, were retrospectively analyzed. All isolates were stored at \u221280 \u00b0C and retested using three methods: the same automated system (following the manufacturer's protocol), the gradient diffusion method, and the reference broth microdilution (BMD) method. Interpretations were made according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints. Upon re-evaluation, all isolates were found to be susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin using the BMD method. The automated system yielded 100% concordance with BMD for vancomycin and 77% for teicoplanin, while the gradient method produced similar findings. Notably, five\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (23%) remained resistant to teicoplanin according to both the automated system and the gradient method but were susceptible by BMD. These results emphasize that automated systems, although practical, may lead to overestimation of glycopeptide resistance. Therefore, when resistance is suspected, especially to teicoplanin, confirmatory testing with the BMD reference method is essential to ensure accurate interpretation and avoid misclassification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2025.02670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T08:55:15Z","timestamp":1761900915000},"page":"372-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in Staphylococcus isolates: Which method is more reliable?"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9122-3589","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ruveyda","family":"Alacahan-Durer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Hamidiye Vocational School of Health Services, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcner","family":"S\u00f6yledir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"Antimicrobial resistance [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance [Accessed 20 Mar 2025].","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"J Infect Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-004-0307-5","article-title":"Glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: is it a real threat?","volume":"10","author":"Gemmell CG","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gemmell CG. Glycopeptide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: is it a real threat? J Infect Chemother 2004; 10: 69\u201375. 10.1007\/s10156-004-0307-5https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10156-004-0307-5"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/40.1.135","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility","volume":"40","author":"Hiramatsu K","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hiramatsu K, Hanaki H, Ino T, Yabuta K, Oguri T, Tenover FC. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 40: 135\u20136. 10.1093\/jac\/40.1.135https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/40.1.135"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Mol Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03007.x","article-title":"Transfer origins in the conjugative Enterococcus faecalis plasmids pAD1 and pAM373: identification of the pAD1 nic site, a specific relaxase and a possible TraG-like protein","volume":"45","author":"Francia MV","year":"2002","unstructured":"Francia MV, Clewell DB. Transfer origins in the conjugative Enterococcus faecalis plasmids pAD1 and pAM373: identification of the pAD1 nic site, a specific relaxase and a possible TraG-like protein. Mol Microbiol 2002; 45: 375\u201395. 10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03007.xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03007.x"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01291-3","article-title":"The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Belete MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Belete MA, Gedefie A, Alemayehu E, Debash H, Mohammed O, Gebretsadik D, et\u00a0al. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12: 86. 10.1186\/s13756-023-01291-3https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-023-01291-3"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Microb Drug Resist Larchmt N","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152652774","article-title":"Epidemiology of the genetic elements responsible for acquired glycopeptide resistance in enterococci","volume":"7","author":"Woodford N","year":"2001","unstructured":"Woodford N. Epidemiology of the genetic elements responsible for acquired glycopeptide resistance in enterococci. Microb Drug Resist Larchmt N 2001; 7: 229\u201336. 10.1089\/10766290152652774https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/10766290152652774"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136082","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of vancomycin-intermediate and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates","volume":"10","author":"Zhang S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang S, Sun X, Chang W, Dai Y, Ma X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of vancomycin-intermediate and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0136082. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0136082https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136082"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Sch J Med Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.36347\/sjmcr.2025.v13i05.009","article-title":"First case of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection isolated in Marrakech, Morocco","volume":"13","author":"Fouar HE","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fouar HE, Driss WA, Fargani RE, Idalene M, Soraa N, Tassi N. First case of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection isolated in Marrakech, Morocco. Sch J Med Case Rep 2025; 13: 814\u20139. 10.36347\/sjmcr.2025.v13i05.009https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36347\/sjmcr.2025.v13i05.009"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Sci\u00a0Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69058-z","article-title":"Global prevalence and distribution\u00a0of vancomycin resistant, vancomycin intermediate and heterogeneously vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Shariati A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shariati A, Dadashi M, Moghadam MT, van Belkum A, Yaslianifard S, Darban-Sarokhalil D. Global prevalence and distribution\u00a0of vancomycin resistant, vancomycin intermediate and heterogeneously vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci\u00a0Rep 2020; 10: 12689. 10.1038\/s41598-020-69058-zhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-69058-z"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac434","article-title":"Emerging resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis during dalbavancin exposure: a case report and in vitro analysis of isolates from prosthetic joint infections","volume":"78","author":"Al Janabi J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Janabi J, Tevell S, Sieber RN, Stegger M, S\u00f6derquist B. Emerging resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis during dalbavancin exposure: a case report and in vitro analysis of isolates from prosthetic joint infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78: 669\u201377. 10.1093\/jac\/dkac434https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkac434"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.12.016","article-title":"Glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci from hospitalised patients in Germany: occurrence, characteristics and dalbavancin susceptibility","volume":"28","author":"Kresken M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kresken M, Klare I, Wichelhaus TA, Wohlfarth E, Layer-Nicolaou F, Neumann B, et\u00a0al. Glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci from hospitalised patients in Germany: occurrence, characteristics and dalbavancin susceptibility. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 28: 102\u20137. 10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.12.016https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.12.016"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"B12","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1086\/320184","article-title":"Survey of infections due to Staphylococcus species: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific region for the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 1997\u20131999","volume":"32","author":"Diekema DJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Diekema DJ, Pfaller MA, Schmitz FJ, Smayevsky J, Bell J, Jones RN, et\u00a0al. Survey of infections due to Staphylococcus species: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Western Pacific region for the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 1997\u20131999. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am 2001; 32(Suppl 2): S114\u2013132. 10.1086\/320184https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/320184"},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-022-00516-4","article-title":"Emerging vancomycin-non susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci associated with skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"21","author":"Akinduti PA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akinduti PA, Obafemi YD, Ugboko H, El-Ashker M, Akinnola O, Agunsoye CJ, et\u00a0al. Emerging vancomycin-non susceptible coagulase negative Staphylococci associated with skin and soft tissue infections. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21: 31. 10.1186\/s12941-022-00516-4https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-022-00516-4"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Sci Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40866-3","article-title":"Decreased susceptibility to vancomycin and other mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus epidermidis as a therapeutic problem in hospital treatment","volume":"13","author":"Szemraj M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Szemraj M, Glajzner P, Sienkiewicz M. Decreased susceptibility to vancomycin and other mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus epidermidis as a therapeutic problem in hospital treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13: 13629. 10.1038\/s41598-023-40866-3https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-40866-3"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Antibiotics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12060974","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated between 2017 and 2022 from infections at a tertiary care hospital in Romania","volume":"12","author":"T\u0103l\u0103pan D","year":"2023","unstructured":"T\u0103l\u0103pan D, Sandu A-M, Rafila A. Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated between 2017 and 2022 from infections at a tertiary care hospital in Romania. Antibiotics 2023; 12: 974. 10.3390\/antibiotics12060974https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12060974"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) systems - class II special controls guidance for industry and FDA","author":"Health C for D and R","year":"2023","unstructured":"Health C for D and R. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) systems - class II special controls guidance for industry and FDA. FDA [Internet]. 2023. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical-devices\/guidance-documents-medical-devices-and-radiation-emitting-products\/antimicrobial-susceptibility-test-ast-systems-class-ii-special-controls-guidance-industry-and-fda [Accessed 23 Jun 2025]."},{"article-title":"Clinical breakpoints and dosing of antibiotics","author":"eucast","key":"B17","unstructured":"eucast. Clinical breakpoints and dosing of antibiotics. [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/clinical_breakpoints [Accessed 28 Apr 2025]."},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Curr Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-020-02144-7","article-title":"Evaluation of teicoplanin resistance detected by automated system in coagulase negative staphylococci: a comparison with gradient test and broth microdilution methods","volume":"77","author":"Bar\u0131\u015f A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bar\u0131\u015f A, Malko\u00e7o\u011flu G, B\u00fcy\u00fckyanbolu E, Aslan FM, Bayraktar B, Akta\u015f E. Evaluation of teicoplanin resistance detected by automated system in coagulase negative staphylococci: a comparison with gradient test and broth microdilution methods. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77: 3355\u201360. 10.1007\/s00284-020-02144-7https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00284-020-02144-7"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Ankem Derg","article-title":"Do the method and\/or the evaluation standards we use affect teicoplanin\u00a0susceptibility test results of Staphylococcus Strains?","author":"Sesli \u00c7etin E","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sesli \u00c7etin E, \u00d6zt\u00fcrk T, \u00c7ift\u00e7i E, Aynali A, Cicio\u011flu Arido\u011fan B. Do the method and\/or the evaluation standards we use affect teicoplanin\u00a0susceptibility test results of Staphylococcus Strains? Ankem Derg [\u0130nternet]. 2016. Available from: http:\/\/www.ankemdernegi.org.tr\/ANKEMJOURNALPDF\/ANKEM_30_2_42_47.pdf [Accessed 28 Apr 2025]."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030611","article-title":"Teicoplanin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci: do the current susceptibility testing methods reliably detect this elusive phenotype? Antibiotics","author":"Balasiu, AD","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balasiu, AD, MacKenzie CR. Teicoplanin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci: do the current susceptibility testing methods reliably detect this elusive phenotype? Antibiotics 2023; 12: 611. 10.3390\/antibiotics12030611https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12030611"},{"issue":"05","key":"B20","series-title":"Int Res J Multidiscip Scope","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.47857\/irjms.2024.v05i02.0689","article-title":"Comparison of the VITEK\u00ae 2 system with conventional methods for species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of staphylococcal carrier isolates","author":"Vinshia JJ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vinshia JJ, Padmavathy K, Sathyapriya B. Comparison of the VITEK\u00ae 2 system with conventional methods for species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of staphylococcal carrier isolates. Int Res J Multidiscip Scope 2024; 05: 940\u20138. 10.47857\/irjms.2024.v05i02.0689https:\/\/doi.org\/10.47857\/irjms.2024.v05i02.0689"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Bangladesh J Med Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3329\/bjms.v18i3.41620","article-title":"Comparison of conventional methods and automated systems for determining antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine culture","volume":"18","author":"Ko\u00e7o\u011flu ME","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ko\u00e7o\u011flu ME, Davarci \u0130, G\u00fcney R, Ta\u015f\u00e7ilar M, Zengin F, Samasti M. Comparison of conventional methods and automated systems for determining antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine culture. Bangladesh J Med Sci 2019; 18: 519\u201326. 10.3329\/bjms.v18i3.41620https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3329\/bjms.v18i3.41620"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Antibiotics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13040298","article-title":"Detection of vancomycin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains recovered from children with invasive diseases in a reference pediatric hospital","volume":"13","author":"Pardo L","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pardo L, Mota MI, Parnizari A, Varela A, Algorta G, Varela G. Detection of vancomycin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains recovered from children with invasive diseases in a reference pediatric hospital. Antibiotics 2024; 13: 298. 10.3390\/antibiotics13040298https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics13040298"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"J Clin Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14062087","article-title":"The evolving landscape of infective endocarditis: difficult-to-treat resistance bacteria and novel diagnostics at the foreground","volume":"14","author":"Rapti V","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rapti V, Giannitsioti E, Spernovasilis N, Magiorakos A-P, Poulakou G. The evolving landscape of infective endocarditis: difficult-to-treat resistance bacteria and novel diagnostics at the foreground. J Clin Med 2025; 14: 2087. 10.3390\/jcm14062087https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14062087"}],"container-title":["Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/72\/4\/article-p372.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/72\/4\/article-p372.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/72\/4\/article-p372.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T12:59:10Z","timestamp":1764248350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/72\/4\/article-p372.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/030.2025.02670","relation":{},"ISSN":["1217-8950","1588-2640"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1217-8950"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1588-2640"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]}}}