{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:56:38Z","timestamp":1791381398608,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMICR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mobile phones used in healthcare environments may serve as overlooked reservoirs facilitating the transmission of clinically significant pathogens. This study investigated antimicrobial resistance patterns, virulence-associated determinants, and genetic diversity among\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates recovered from healthcare workers' mobile phones. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    (SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and polymerase chain reaction assays were employed to detect antimicrobial resistance, biofilm-associated, and toxin-encoding genes. Among 349 mobile phones screened, 42 (12%) were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Among the isolates, 76.2% were identified as methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA), while 23.8% were methicillin-susceptible\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MSSA). High-level mupirocin resistance (HLMUPR) and inducible macrolide\u2013lincosamide\u2013streptogramin B (iMLS\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) phenotypes were observed in 26.2 and 35.7% of isolates, respectively. Biofilm formation analysis demonstrated that 49.2% of isolates were strong biofilm producers, followed by intermediate (30.8%) and weak producers (15.4%). Of the 42 isolates examined, 12 (28.6%) harbored the\n                    <jats:italic>pvl<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, and 10 (23.8%) harbored the\n                    <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. The most frequently detected resistance gene was\n                    <jats:italic>erm(B)<\/jats:italic>\n                    (33.3%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>msrA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (19%) and\n                    <jats:italic>erm(C)<\/jats:italic>\n                    (16.7%). All isolates harbored the adhesion genes\n                    <jats:italic>fnbA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>fnbB<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Additional biofilm- and adhesion-associated genes included\n                    <jats:italic>clfA<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>clfB<\/jats:italic>\n                    (85.7%),\n                    <jats:italic>cna<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>fib<\/jats:italic>\n                    (38.1%),\n                    <jats:italic>icaA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (35.7%),\n                    <jats:italic>icaD<\/jats:italic>\n                    (33.3%),\n                    <jats:italic>sdrD<\/jats:italic>\n                    (28.6%),\n                    <jats:italic>sdrC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sdrE<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>eno<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>bap<\/jats:italic>\n                    (21.4% each), while\n                    <jats:italic>ebpS<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 4.8% of isolates. MLST\u00a0analysis revealed distribution across six clonal complexes, predominantly CC8 (42.9%), followed by CC5 (21.4%), CC59 (11.9%), CC22 (11.9%), CC1 (7.1%), and CC398 (4.8%). Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive isolates were mainly associated with ST8-SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t008 and ST22\/t1869 lineages, whereas toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)-positive strains belonged primarily to ST239-SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    III\/t037 and\u00a0ST59-SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t437. High-level mupirocin-resistant isolates carrying\n                    <jats:italic>mupA<\/jats:italic>\n                    were distributed among\u00a0several epidemic clones, including ST5-SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t002 (36.4%), ST8-SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV\/t008 (27.2%), ST239-SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    III\/t037 (18.2%), and ST22\/t1869 (18.2%). Overall, the findings demonstrate substantial circulation of multidrug-resistant and virulence-associated\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages on healthcare workers' mobile phones, underscoring their potential role in pathogen dissemination and emphasizing the necessity for targeted infection prevention and mobile device decontamination strategies in healthcare settings.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2026.03012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T08:09:34Z","timestamp":1786954174000},"page":"317-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hidden reservoirs in clinical settings: Clonal\u00a0dissemination and virulence profile of\u00a0multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from healthcare workers' mobile phones"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6720-9341","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Nasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Dadashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103266","article-title":"Mobile phones as a vector for healthcare-associated infection: a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"De Groote P","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Groote P, Blot K, Conoscenti E, Labeau S, Blot S. Mobile phones as a vector for healthcare-associated infection: a systematic review. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2022; 72: 103266. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103266https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103266"},{"issue":"7","key":"B2","series-title":"Am J Infect Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.11.003","article-title":"Viability of hospital pathogens on mobile phone","volume":"50","author":"Simmonds-Cavanagh R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simmonds-Cavanagh R. Viability of hospital pathogens on mobile phone. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50(7): 787\u201391. 10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.11.003https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.11.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"B3","series-title":"Jundishapur J Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.40592","article-title":"Molecular characterization and distribution of class 1 integron-bearing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in burn patients, Tehran, Iran","volume":"10","author":"Goudarzi H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goudarzi H, Seyedjavadi SS, Udo EE, Beiranvand E, Fazeli M, Goudarzi M. Molecular characterization and distribution of class 1 integron-bearing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in burn patients, Tehran, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017; 10(2): e40592. 10.5812\/jjm.40592https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/jjm.40592"},{"issue":"2","key":"B4","series-title":"Rev Med Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/MRM.0000000000000067","article-title":"A review of virulence factors, pathogenesis, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"27","author":"Al-Mebairik NF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Mebairik NF, El-Kersh TA, Al-Sheikh YA, Marie MAM. A review of virulence factors, pathogenesis, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Rev Med Microbiol 2016; 27(2): 50\u20136. 10.1097\/MRM.0000000000000067https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MRM.0000000000000067"},{"issue":"4","key":"B5","series-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.63.257","article-title":"Identification of staphylocoagulase genotypes I-X and discrimination of type IV and V subtypes by multiplex PCR assay for clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"63","author":"Hirose M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hirose M, Kobayashi N, Ghosh S, Paul SK, Shen T, Urushibara N, et\u00a0al. Identification of staphylocoagulase genotypes I-X and discrimination of type IV and V subtypes by multiplex PCR assay for clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Jpn J Infect Dis 2010; 63(4): 257\u201363. 10.7883\/yoken.63.257https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7883\/yoken.63.257"},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","series-title":"Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2023.01997","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic characteristics of fusidic acid resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: emergence of t030 strains carrying fusB in Tehran, Iran","volume":"70","author":"Goudarzi M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goudarzi M, Seyedjavadi S, Bagheri P, Dadashi M, Nasiri MJ. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of fusidic acid resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: emergence of t030 strains carrying fusB in Tehran, Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2023; 70(2): 126\u201333. 10.1556\/030.2023.01997https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/030.2023.01997"},{"issue":"2","key":"B7","series-title":"Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2024.02193","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cell phones of medical students from Iran","volume":"71","author":"Behrouzmanesh F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Behrouzmanesh F, Samali SA, Nasehi R, Shivaee A, Goudarzi M. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cell phones of medical students from Iran. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2024; 71(2): 155\u201364. 10.1556\/030.2024.02193https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/030.2024.02193"},{"issue":"12","key":"B8","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5442","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003","article-title":"Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management","volume":"41","author":"Harmsen D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harmsen D, Claus H, Witte W, Rothganger J, Claus H, Turnwald D, et\u00a0al. Typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41(12): 5442\u20138. 10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003"},{"issue":"4","key":"B9","series-title":"Shiraz E-med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.43920","article-title":"Contamination of senior medical students' cell phones by nosocomial infections: a survey in a university-affiliated hospital in Tehran","volume":"18","author":"Jalalmanesh S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jalalmanesh S, Darvishi M, Rahimi M, Akhlaghdoust M. Contamination of senior medical students' cell phones by nosocomial infections: a survey in a university-affiliated hospital in Tehran. Shiraz E-med J 2017; 18(4): e59938. 10.5812\/semj.43920https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/semj.43920"},{"issue":"2","key":"B10","series-title":"Biocontrol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.21.91","article-title":"Isolation, identification and antibacterial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. associated with the mobile phones of university students","volume":"21","author":"Furuhata K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Furuhata K, Ishizaki N, Sogawa K, Kawakami Y, Lee S-I, Sato M, et\u00a0al. Isolation, identification and antibacterial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. associated with the mobile phones of university students. Biocontrol Sci 2016; 21(2): 91\u20138. 10.4265\/bio.21.91https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4265\/bio.21.91"},{"issue":"3","key":"B11","series-title":"J\u00a0Microsc Ultrastruct","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmau.2015.12.004","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of cell phones of medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","volume":"4","author":"Zakai S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zakai S, Mashat A, Abumohssin A, Samarkandi A, Almaghrabi B, Barradah H, et\u00a0al. Bacterial contamination of cell phones of medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J\u00a0Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 4(3): 143\u20136. 10.1016\/j.jmau.2015.12.004https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmau.2015.12.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"B12","series-title":"Sao Paulo Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-3180.2018.044305072019","article-title":"Detection of potentially pathogenic bacteria on cell phones of hospital and university-based populations in Curitiba, southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study","volume":"137","author":"Jansen AS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jansen AS, Balbinot GC, Daur AV, Silva ACFd, Nogueira KS, Fernandes T, et\u00a0al. Detection of potentially pathogenic bacteria on cell phones of hospital and university-based populations in Curitiba, southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J 2019; 137(4): 343\u20138. 10.1590\/1516-3180.2018.044305072019https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-3180.2018.044305072019"},{"issue":"3","key":"B13","series-title":"Microorganisms","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030669","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from mobile phones","volume":"10","author":"Hamdan-Partida A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamdan-Partida A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda S, Mart\u00ednez-Ru\u00edz FJ, Zavala-S\u00e1nchez M\u00c1, Bustos-Hamdan A, Bustos-Mart\u00ednez J. Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from mobile phones. Microorganisms 2022; 10(3): 669. 10.3390\/microorganisms10030669https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10030669"},{"issue":"3","key":"B14","series-title":"AIMS Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3934\/microbiol.2023021","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from mobile phones in Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Oluduro AO","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oluduro AO, Adesiyan YM, Omoboye OO, Odeyemi AT. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from mobile phones in Nigeria. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9(3): 402. 10.3934\/microbiol.2023021https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3934\/microbiol.2023021"},{"issue":"3","key":"B15","series-title":"Chula Med J","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.58837\/CHULA.CMJ.64.3.4","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus carriage and contamination of mobile phones among students of An-Najah National University in Palestine","volume":"64","author":"Al-Masri MY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Masri MY, Abu-Hasan NS. Staphylococcus aureus carriage and contamination of mobile phones among students of An-Najah National University in Palestine. Chula Med J 2020; 64(3): 247\u201357. 10.58837\/CHULA.CMJ.64.3.4https:\/\/doi.org\/10.58837\/CHULA.CMJ.64.3.4"},{"issue":"5","key":"B16","series-title":"Iran J Microbiol","first-page":"264","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of macrolide resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Isfahan, Iran","volume":"9","author":"Sedaghat H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sedaghat H, Esfahani BN, Mobasherizadeh S, Jazi AS, Halaji M, Sadeghi P, et\u00a0al. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of macrolide resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Isfahan, Iran. Iran J Microbiol 2017; 9(5): 264."},{"issue":"6","key":"B17","series-title":"Texas. Antimicrob Agent Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2283","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2283-2288.2005","article-title":"Inducible clindamycin resistance and molecular epidemiologic trends of pediatric community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dallas","volume":"49","author":"Chavez-Bueno S","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chavez-Bueno S, Bozdogan Bl, Katz K, Bowlware KL, Cushion N, Cavuoti D, et\u00a0al. Inducible clindamycin resistance and molecular epidemiologic trends of pediatric community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dallas. Texas. Antimicrob Agent Chemother 2005; 49(6): 2283\u20138. 10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2283-2288.2005https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2283-2288.2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"B18","series-title":"Arch Pediatr Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/pedinfect.37761","article-title":"Molecular detection of macrolide and lincosamide-resistance genes in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Kerman, Iran","volume":"5","author":"Fasihi Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fasihi Y, Saffari F, Kandehkar Ghahraman M, Kalantar-Neyestanaki D. Molecular detection of macrolide and lincosamide-resistance genes in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Kerman, Iran. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis 2017; 5(1): e37761. 10.5812\/pedinfect.37761https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/pedinfect.37761"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Glob Antimicrob Resist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.07.032","article-title":"Mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: a systematic review and meta-analysisJ","volume":"20","author":"Dadashi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dadashi M, Hajikhani B, Darban-Sarokhalil D, van Belkum A, Goudarzi M. Mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: a systematic review and meta-analysisJ. Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 20: 238\u201347. 10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.07.032https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.07.032"},{"issue":"9","key":"B20","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3115","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3115-3121.2001","article-title":"Identification of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes by susceptibility testing: epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan","volume":"39","author":"Ida T","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ida T, Okamoto R, Shimauchi C, Okubo T, Kuga A, Inoue M. Identification of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes by susceptibility testing: epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39(9): 3115\u201321. 10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3115-3121.2001https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.39.9.3115-3121.2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"Microbiol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2005.05.002","article-title":"Investigation of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci","volume":"161","author":"Ardic N","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ardic N, Sareyyupoglu B, Ozyurt M, Haznedaroglu T, Ilga U. Investigation of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci. Microbiol Res 2006; 161(1): 49\u201354. 10.1016\/j.micres.2005.05.002https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2005.05.002"},{"issue":"9","key":"B22","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162744","article-title":"Shifts in the clonal distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kuwait hospitals: 1992-2010","volume":"11","author":"Boswihi SS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boswihi SS, Udo EE, Al-Sweih N. Shifts in the clonal distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Kuwait hospitals: 1992-2010. PLoS One 2016; 11(9): e0162744. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0162744https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0162744"},{"issue":"4","key":"B23","series-title":"Plos One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017936","article-title":"A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"6","author":"Monecke S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monecke S, Coombs G, Shore AC, Coleman DC, Akpaka P, Borg M, et\u00a0al. A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Plos One 2011; 6(4): e17936. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0017936https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0017936"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Front Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00663","article-title":"Prevalence, genetic diversity, and temporary shifts of inducible clindamycin resistance Staphylococcus aureus clones in Tehran, Iran: a molecular-epidemiological analysis from 2013 to 2018","volume":"11","author":"Goudarzi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goudarzi M, Kobayashi N, Dadashi M, Pant\u016f\u010dek R, Nasiri MJ, Fazeli M, et\u00a0al. Prevalence, genetic diversity, and temporary shifts of inducible clindamycin resistance Staphylococcus aureus clones in Tehran, Iran: a molecular-epidemiological analysis from 2013 to 2018. Front Microbiol 2020; 11: 663. 10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00663https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00663"},{"issue":"2","key":"B25","series-title":"J Med Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.050971-0","article-title":"Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010","volume":"62","author":"Song Y","year":"2013","unstructured":"Song Y, Du X, Li T, Zhu Y, Li M. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from different clinical specimens of inpatients at a teaching hospital in Shanghai between 2005 and 2010. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62(2): 274\u201382. 10.1099\/jmm.0.050971-0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jmm.0.050971-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"B26","series-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00648.x","article-title":"Molecular characteristics of community-acquired, methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Chinese children","volume":"58","author":"Geng W","year":"2010","unstructured":"Geng W, Yang Y, Wu D, Huang G, Wang C, Deng L, et\u00a0al. Molecular characteristics of community-acquired, methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Chinese children. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2010; 58(3): 356\u201362. 10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00648.xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2009.00648.x"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Gene Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genrep.2020.100603","article-title":"Characteristics of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with wound infections in Tehran, Iran: high prevalence of PVL+ t008 and the emergence of new spa types t657, t5348, and t437 in Iran","volume":"19","author":"Goudarzi M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goudarzi M, Tayebi Z, Dadashi M, Miri M, Amirpour A, Fazeli M. Characteristics of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus associated with wound infections in Tehran, Iran: high prevalence of PVL+ t008 and the emergence of new spa types t657, t5348, and t437 in Iran. Gene Rep 2020; 19: 100603. 10.1016\/j.genrep.2020.100603https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genrep.2020.100603"},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Front Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01818","article-title":"Molecular characteristic and virulence gene profiles of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pediatric patients in Shanghai, China","volume":"7","author":"Wang X","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X, Li X, Liu W, Huang W, Fu Q, Li M. Molecular characteristic and virulence gene profiles of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from pediatric patients in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2016; 7: 1818. 10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01818https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01818"},{"issue":"3","key":"B29","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02799-13","article-title":"Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus in Ireland from 2002 to 2011: 21 clones, frequent importation of clones, temporal shifts of predominant methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones, and increasing multiresistance","volume":"52","author":"Shore AC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shore AC, Tecklenborg SC, Brennan GI, Ehricht R, Monecke S, Coleman DC. Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus in Ireland from 2002 to 2011: 21 clones, frequent importation of clones, temporal shifts of predominant methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones, and increasing multiresistance. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52(3): 859\u201370. 10.1128\/JCM.02799-13https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.02799-13"},{"issue":"1","key":"B30","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-018-1305-6","article-title":"Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains by spa typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis methods","volume":"18","author":"G\u00fcven G\u00f6kmen T","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00fcven G\u00f6kmen T, Kalayci Y, Yaman A, K\u00f6ksal F. Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains by spa typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis methods. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18(1): 155. 10.1186\/s12866-018-1305-6https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12866-018-1305-6"},{"issue":"11","key":"B31","series-title":"Microorganisms","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8111737","article-title":"Human infection of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus CC398: a review","volume":"8","author":"Bouiller K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bouiller K, Bertrand X, Hocquet D, Chirouze C. Human infection of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus CC398: a review. Microorganisms 2020; 8(11): 1737. 10.3390\/microorganisms8111737https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms8111737"}],"container-title":["Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/73\/3\/article-p317.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/73\/3\/article-p317.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/030\/73\/3\/article-p317.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:25:03Z","timestamp":1791379503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/030\/73\/3\/article-p317.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/030.2026.03012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1217-8950","1588-2640"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1217-8950","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2640","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]}}}