{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:56:39Z","timestamp":1791381399611,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMICR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR)\n                    <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , particularly carbapenem-resistant\u00a0strains, represents a major clinical challenge worldwide. Data on the molecular characteristics of MDR\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    in central T\u00fcrkiye remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular features of MDR-\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in a tertiary care hospital in central T\u00fcrkiye.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A total of 1,560 clinical specimens collected from intensive care unit (ICU) patients between November 2024 and June 2025 were analyzed. Thirty-three non-duplicate MDR-\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates obtained from 26 patients were included. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK\u00ae2 system. ESBL genes (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    groups), carbapenemase genes (\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), virulence-associated genes (\n                    <jats:italic>iucA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>rmpA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and efflux pump genes (\n                    <jats:italic>acrAB<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>tolC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were investigated by PCR. Clonal relatedness was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    All isolates were resistant to multiple\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -lactams and ciprofloxacin. Resistance to meropenem and amikacin was observed in 97.0% of isolates, while 94.0% were resistant to gentamicin. Colistin and ceftazidime-avibactam resistance rates were 27.3 and 18.2%, respectively. The most prevalent genes were\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    (90.9%),\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    (81.8%), and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    (66.7%), whereas\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>NDM-1<\/jats:sub>\n                    were detected in 36.4, 21.2 and 3.0% of isolates, respectively. None of the isolates carried\n                    <jats:italic>iucA<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>rmpA2<\/jats:italic>\n                    . PFGE revealed substantial genetic diversity with multiple pulsotypes and no dominant epidemic clone.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    These findings demonstrate the dissemination of genetically diverse MDR\n                    <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages carrying ESBL and OXA-48 carbapenemase genes in an ICU setting in central T\u00fcrkiye. Despite occasional hypermucoviscosity, no molecular evidence of hypervirulence was detected, highlighting the need for continuous molecular surveillance and effective infection-control measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.2026.03061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T08:36:32Z","timestamp":1786005392000},"page":"307-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clonal diversity of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from ICU patients in central T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Altan","family":"Akineden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aksaray University Faculty of Medicine, Yeni Sanayi Mah., 68200 Aksaray, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatih Mehmet","family":"Akilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aksaray Training and Research Hospital, Yeni Sanayi Mah., 68200 Aksaray, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"T\u00fcrkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aksaray University Faculty of Medicine, Yeni Sanayi Mah., 68200 Aksaray, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Rehagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Hochschule Niederrhein, University of Applied Sciences, Rheydter Strasse 277, 41065 M\u00f6nchengladbach, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0066-7054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"Akineden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dairy Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Ludwigstrasse 21, 35390 Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Front Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.750662","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology, risk factors, and control strategies of Klebsiella pneumoniae infection","volume":"12","author":"Chang D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang D, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Zhang D. 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