{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T16:12:35Z","timestamp":1765728755298},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n          <jats:italic>Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile<\/jats:italic> infections (CDIs) are among the most frequent healthcare-associated infections in Serbia. In 2013, Serbia participated in the European <jats:italic>Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic> Infection Surveillance Network (ECDIS-Net) who launched a pilot study to enhance laboratory capacity and standardize surveillance for CDI. Two clinics of Clinical Center of Serbia [Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases (CITD) and Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology (COT)] from Belgrade and one general hospital from another metropolitan area of Serbia, U\u017eice, participated. During a period of 3 months in 2013, all patients with diagnosed CDI were included. The CDI incidence rates in CITD, COT, and General Hospital U\u017eice were 19.0, 12.2, and 3.9 per 10,000 patient-days, respectively. In total, 49 patients were enrolled in the study with average age of 72 years. A complicated course of CDI was found in 14.3% of all patients. Six (12.2%) of 49 patients died, but not attributable to CDI. Of 39 <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> isolates, available for ribotyping, 78.9% belonged to ribotype 027; other PCR ribotypes were 001, 015, 002, 005, 010, 014, and 276. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed low levels of MIC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> and MIC<jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub> for metronidazole (0.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml both) and vancomycin (0.25 and 0.5\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml), while 28 strains of ribotype 027 were resistant to moxifloxacin with MIC \u22654\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml. National surveillance is important to obtain more insight in the epidemiology of CDI and to compare the results with other European countries. This study by ECDIS-Net gives bases for a national surveillance of CDI in Serbia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.66.2019.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T09:10:28Z","timestamp":1575882628000},"page":"42-48","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A pilot study in Serbia by European Clostridium difficile Infection Surveillance Network"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Milica","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofie M.","family":"van Dorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitra","family":"Drakulovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Public Health \u201cDr Milan Jovacnovi\u0107 Batut\u201d, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dubravka","family":"Papi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, General Hospital U\u017eice, U\u017eice, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sladjana","family":"Pavi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital U\u017eice, U\u017eice, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sne\u017eana","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Le\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milo\u0161","family":"Kora\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Milo\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ed J.","family":"Kuijper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref21","first-page":"E050714.1","article-title":"Isolation of Clostridium difficile ribotype 027, toxinotype III in the Netherlands after increase in C. difficile-associated diarrhoea","volume":"10","author":"van Steenbergen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-209","article-title":"Outbreak of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 027 \u2013 The recent experience of a regional hospital","volume":"14","author":"Oleastro","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Infect 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