{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:07:26Z","timestamp":1790730446076,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AMicr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"abstract":"Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen due to its ability to survive in hospital settings and its antimicrobial resistance. It is one of the key pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms of quinolone resistance among A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> isolates causing VAP and to investigate the presence of the novel abaQ<\/jats:italic> gene among them. Quinolone-resistant A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> isolates causing VAP were collected over a period of 4\u00a0months. Mutations within gyrA<\/jats:italic> and parC<\/jats:italic> were analyzed and the presence of qnrA<\/jats:italic>, qnrB<\/jats:italic>, qnrS<\/jats:italic>, and abaQ<\/jats:italic> was investigated genotypically. Twenty-one A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> isolates were collected, most of them (76.2%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and only one isolate (4.8%) was pandrug-resistant (PDR). All isolates showed high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin, while qnrA<\/jats:italic>, qnrB<\/jats:italic> and qnrS<\/jats:italic> were absent among our isolates. This is the first report of A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> isolates co-harboring Ser81Leu in gyrA<\/jats:italic> and Ser84Leu in parC<\/jats:italic> together with the novel abaQ<\/jats:italic> gene. Interestingly, a new mutation in gyrA<\/jats:italic> quinolone resistance-determining region Arg89Cys was detected among two of our isolates. The emergence of XDR and PDR isolates among A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> causing VAP is an alarming threat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/030.66.2019.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,13]],"date-time":"2019-12-13T12:57:52Z","timestamp":1576241872000},"page":"234-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Fluoroquinolone resistance conferred by gyrA, parC mutations, and AbaQ efflux pump among Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates causing ventilator-associated pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Nancy M.","family":"Attia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Microbiology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Elbaradei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt"},{"name":"3Alexandria University Hospital, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00092","article-title":"Acinetobacter baumannii ventilator-associated pneumonia: Clinical efficacy of combined antimicrobial therapy and in vitro drug sensitivity test results","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.04.009","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance determinants of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Algeria","volume":"76","author":"Bakour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect 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