{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T07:42:11Z","timestamp":1751701331126},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Physiol Hung"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The increased generation of free radicals plays an important role in testicular damage. The present study aimed to investigate the adverse effects of carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) on the reproductive system of male rats as well as to examine whether Vitamin E (VE) is able to ameliorate these effects. The rats were equally divided into three groups: control, CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-treated, and CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\u2009+\u2009VE-treated groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, the decrease in body and testes weights, sperm parameters, and the decrease in serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone of CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-treated rats were ameliorated by VE treatment. The co-administration of VE with CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> significantly decreased the level of lipid peroxidation production (malondialdehyde) and increased the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) when compared with the CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> group. Moreover, VE prevented CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-induced severe testicular histopathological lesions and deformities in spermatogenesis. The results demonstrate that VE augments the anti-oxidants\u2019 defense mechanism against CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-induced reproductive toxicity suggesting a therapeutic role in free radical-mediated infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/036.103.2016.2.3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]],"date-time":"2017-08-18T06:42:37Z","timestamp":1503038557000},"page":"157-168","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Protective effects of Vitamin E on CCl4-induced testicular toxicity in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"AA","family":"El-Faras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"IA","family":"Sadek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YE","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MIM","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"EB","family":"Mussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.08.006","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoke on DNA damage, oxidative stress, and morphological alterations in mouse testis and spermatozoa","volume":"218,","author":"La Maestra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.03.020","article-title":"Protective effects of Digera muricata (L.) Mart. on testis against oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride in rat","volume":"47,","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2004.03.007","article-title":"Protective action of vitamins on the spermatogenesis in lead-treated Swiss mice","volume":"18,","author":"Mishra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(78)90081-5","article-title":"Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method","volume":"90,","author":"Kei","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2007.505","article-title":"Protective effects of purple grape juice on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in brains of adult Wistar rats","volume":"11,","author":"Dani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref531","first-page":"5","article-title":"Chronic exposure of dicofol promotes reproductive toxicity in male rats","volume":"7,","author":"El-Kashoury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci. J."},{"key":"ref751","first-page":"178","article-title":"The attenuating effect of zinc on Propoxur-induced oxidative stress, impaired spermatogenesis and deranged steroidogenesis in wistar rat","volume":"1,","author":"Oyewopo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.3247","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate protects against hepatic damage and testicular toxicity in male mice exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate","volume":"18,","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702-0322807-02","article-title":"Vitamin E stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and ascorbic acid release from medial basal hypothalami of adult male rats","volume":"228,","author":"Karanth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1642-431X(12)60084-9","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E on sperm number and testis histopathology of sodium arsenite-treated rats","volume":"12,","author":"Momeni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-7-1-3","article-title":"The molecular basis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone action","volume":"7,","author":"Conn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2007.505","article-title":"Protective effects of purple grape juice on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in brains of adult Wistar rats","volume":"11,","author":"Dani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref341","first-page":"626","article-title":"Grape seed extract and zinc containing nutritional food supplement decreases the oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats","volume":"5","author":"Satyam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.10.004","article-title":"Effect of vitamins C and E on spermatogenesis in mice exposed to cadmium","volume":"25,","author":"Acharya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233711408381","article-title":"Effects of vitamin E on reproductive hormones and testis structure in chronic dioxin-treated mice","volume":"28,","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1981.tb00595.x","article-title":"A critical review of methods for evaluation of spermatogenesis from seminal characteristics","volume":"2,","author":"Amann","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233711408381","article-title":"Effects of vitamin E on reproductive hormones and testis structure in chronic dioxin-treated mice","volume":"28,","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814198","article-title":"Effects of undernutrition on serum and testicular testosterone levels and sexual function in adult rats","volume":"36,","author":"de Souza Santos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.10.004","article-title":"Effect of vitamins C and E on spermatogenesis in mice exposed to cadmium","volume":"25,","author":"Acharya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.17028","article-title":"Impact of oxidative stress and supplementation with vitamins E and C on testes morphology in rats","volume":"52,","author":"Jedlinska-Krakowska","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","article-title":"Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"47,","author":"Marklund","year":"1974","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.08.008","article-title":"Deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in rat and its attenuation by Vitamin E","volume":"227,","author":"Yousef","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2006.01.007","article-title":"The effect of \u03b1-tocopherol on lipid peroxidation of microsomes and mitochondria from rat testis","volume":"74,","author":"Gavazza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.2.532","article-title":"Testosterone suppresses spermatogenesis in juvenile spermatogonial depletion (JSD) mice","volume":"65,","author":"Tohda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref651","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effects of amlodipine on serum testosterone, testicular weight and gonado-somatic index in adult rats","volume":"20,","author":"Latif","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02751.x","article-title":"Andrology lab corner: role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in andrology and assisted reproductive technology","volume":"25,","author":"Sikka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2009.08.004","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin E supplementation on semen quality and the testicular cell membranal and mitochondrial antioxidant abilities in Aohan fine-wool sheep","volume":"118,","author":"Yue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1054\/tice.1999.0092","article-title":"Peroxisomes and intracellular cholesterol trafficking in adult rat Leydig cells following luteinizing hormone stimulation","volume":"32,","author":"Mendis-Handagama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.10.013","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress in the contralateral testis of neonatal and pubertal hemicastrated rats","volume":"8,","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.08.006","article-title":"Pleurotus ostreatus, an oyster mushroom, decreases the oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in rat kidneys, heart and brain","volume":"176,","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref221","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effects of amlodipine on serum testosterone, testicular weight and gonado-somatic index in adult rats","volume":"20,","author":"Latif","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-90","article-title":"Effect of Carissa opaca leaves extract on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and reproductive hormones in male rats","volume":"12,","author":"Sahreen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.03.020","article-title":"Protective effects of Digera muricata (L.) Mart. on testis against oxidative stress of carbon tetrachloride in rat","volume":"47,","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S1642-431X(12)60084-9","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E on sperm number and testis histopathology of sodium arsenite-treated rats","volume":"12,","author":"Momeni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","article-title":"Catalase in vitro","volume":"105,","author":"Abei","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1054\/tice.1999.0092","article-title":"Peroxisomes and intracellular cholesterol trafficking in adult rat Leydig cells following luteinizing hormone stimulation","volume":"32,","author":"Mendis-Handagama","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-014-9955-1","article-title":"Effect of Physalis peruviana L. on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats","volume":"159,","author":"Othman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-12-90","article-title":"Effect of Carissa opaca leaves extract on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity and reproductive hormones in male rats","volume":"12,","author":"Sahreen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2009.08.004","article-title":"Effect of Vitamin E supplementation on semen quality and the testicular cell membranal and mitochondrial antioxidant abilities in Aohan fine-wool sheep","volume":"118,","author":"Yue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-014-9955-1","article-title":"Effect of Physalis peruviana L. on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats","volume":"159,","author":"Othman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"ref811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-002-0824-5","article-title":"Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in various rat tissues after carbon tetrachloride intoxication","volume":"10,","author":"Szymonik-Lesiuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg."},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2008.08.006","article-title":"Pleurotus ostreatus, an oyster mushroom, decreases the oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in rat kidneys, heart and brain","volume":"176,","author":"Jayakumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref771","first-page":"626","article-title":"Grape seed extract and zinc containing nutritional food supplement decreases the oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats","volume":"5","author":"Satyam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-103","article-title":"Protective effects of Launaea procumbens on rat testis damage by CCl4","volume":"11,","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2004.03.007","article-title":"Protective action of vitamins on the spermatogenesis in lead-treated Swiss mice","volume":"18,","author":"Mishra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/01480540701380075","article-title":"Vitamin E supplementation protects oxidative stress during arsenic and fluoride antagonism in male mice","volume":"30,","author":"Mittal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref721","first-page":"39","article-title":"Effect of Zingiber officinale (ginger) on sodium arsenite-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats","volume":"13,","author":"Morakinyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.12.022","article-title":"Protective effects of Coriandrum sativum extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"47,","author":"Sreelatha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","article-title":"Catalase in vitro","volume":"105,","author":"Abei","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.10.013","article-title":"Effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress in the contralateral testis of neonatal and pubertal hemicastrated rats","volume":"8,","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Urol."},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2008.12.022","article-title":"Protective effects of Coriandrum sativum extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"47,","author":"Sreelatha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","article-title":"Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase","volume":"47,","author":"Marklund","year":"1974","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2010\/v3i3.12","article-title":"DNA damage by sodium arsenite in experimental rats: ameliorative effects of antioxidant vitamins C and E","volume":"3,","author":"Balakumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8457219","article-title":"Effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether on various parameters of testicular function in the F344 rat","volume":"57,","author":"Chap\u00edn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref101","first-page":"5","article-title":"Chronic exposure of dicofol promotes reproductive toxicity in male rats","volume":"7,","author":"El-Kashoury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Life Sci. J."},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"39","article-title":"Effect of Zingiber officinale (ginger) on sodium arsenite-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats","volume":"13,","author":"Morakinyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2006.08.008","article-title":"Deltamethrin-induced oxidative damage and biochemical alterations in rat and its attenuation by Vitamin E","volume":"227,","author":"Yousef","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-103","article-title":"Protective effects of Launaea procumbens on rat testis damage by CCl4","volume":"11,","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.3247","article-title":"Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate protects against hepatic damage and testicular toxicity in male mice exposed to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate","volume":"18,","author":"Ge","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Med. Food"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-164","article-title":"Protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice on testes against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats","volume":"14,","author":"Al-Olayan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8457219","article-title":"Effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether on various parameters of testicular function in the F344 rat","volume":"57,","author":"Chap\u00edn","year":"1984","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702-0322807-02","article-title":"Vitamin E stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and ascorbic acid release from medial basal hypothalami of adult male rats","volume":"228,","author":"Karanth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(78)90081-5","article-title":"Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method","volume":"90,","author":"Kei","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1981.tb00595.x","article-title":"A critical review of methods for evaluation of spermatogenesis from seminal characteristics","volume":"2,","author":"Amann","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/01480540701380075","article-title":"Vitamin E supplementation protects oxidative stress during arsenic and fluoride antagonism in male mice","volume":"30,","author":"Mittal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2006.01.007","article-title":"The effect of \u03b1-tocopherol on lipid peroxidation of microsomes and mitochondria from rat testis","volume":"74,","author":"Gavazza","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.023","article-title":"Spirulina fusiformis provides protection against mercuric chloride induced oxidative stress in Swiss Albino mice","volume":"45,","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-7-1-3","article-title":"The molecular basis of gonadotropin-releasing hormone action","volume":"7,","author":"Conn","year":"1986","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.023","article-title":"Spirulina fusiformis provides protection against mercuric chloride induced oxidative stress in Swiss Albino mice","volume":"45,","author":"Sharma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref621","first-page":"688","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and fertility effects of Digera muricata in male rats","volume":"5,","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02751.x","article-title":"Andrology lab corner: role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in andrology and assisted reproductive technology","volume":"25,","author":"Sikka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.2.532","article-title":"Testosterone suppresses spermatogenesis in juvenile spermatogonial depletion (JSD) mice","volume":"65,","author":"Tohda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref191","first-page":"688","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and fertility effects of Digera muricata in male rats","volume":"5,","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.17028","article-title":"Impact of oxidative stress and supplementation with vitamins E and C on testes morphology in rats","volume":"52,","author":"Jedlinska-Krakowska","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref231","first-page":"318","article-title":"Antagonistic effects of vitamin E on the testicular injury by cyclophosphamide in mice","volume":"12,","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Natl. J. Androl."},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-814198","article-title":"Effects of undernutrition on serum and testicular testosterone levels and sexual function in adult rats","volume":"36,","author":"de Souza Santos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Horm. Metab. Res."},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2015.30.5.571","article-title":"Evidence for beneficial effects of vitamin E","volume":"30,","author":"Niki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2015.30.5.571","article-title":"Evidence for beneficial effects of vitamin E","volume":"30,","author":"Niki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-002-0824-5","article-title":"Catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in various rat tissues after carbon tetrachloride intoxication","volume":"10,","author":"Szymonik-Lesiuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hepatobiliary Pancreat. Surg."},{"key":"ref321","first-page":"178","article-title":"The attenuating effect of zinc on Propoxur-induced oxidative stress, impaired spermatogenesis and deranged steroidogenesis in wistar rat","volume":"1,","author":"Oyewopo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Med. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-164","article-title":"Protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice on testes against carbon tetrachloride intoxication in rats","volume":"14,","author":"Al-Olayan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Altern. Med."},{"key":"ref661","first-page":"318","article-title":"Antagonistic effects of vitamin E on the testicular injury by cyclophosphamide in mice","volume":"12,","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Natl. J. Androl."},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2014.08.006","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoke on DNA damage, oxidative stress, and morphological alterations in mouse testis and spermatozoa","volume":"218,","author":"La Maestra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2010\/v3i3.12","article-title":"DNA damage by sodium arsenite in experimental rats: ameliorative effects of antioxidant vitamins C and E","volume":"3,","author":"Balakumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Acta Physiologica Hungarica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.akademiai.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1556\/036.103.2016.2.3","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/036\/103\/2\/article-p157.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/036\/103\/2\/article-p157.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/036\/103\/2\/article-p157.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T15:51:29Z","timestamp":1704297089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/036\/103\/2\/article-p157.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/036.103.2016.2.3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0231-424X","1588-2683"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0231-424X","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2683","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}}}