{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:24:33Z","timestamp":1782228273447,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Interventional Medicine and Applied Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,10]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors contributing to gingival recession among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Records of 100 Caucasian patients who completed orthodontic treatment were evaluated before and after treatment. Intercanine and molar widths, arch perimeter, arch depth, and keratinized gingival height were measured for both arches. The association of orthodontic treatment strategy (changing incisal inclination, expansion, and extraction), keratinized gingival height, and various other measurements with gingival recession was evaluated by using generalized linear mixed models with logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n For each 1\u00a0mm increase in pre- and post-treatment keratinized gingival height, there was 0.77 and 0.51 times lower odds of gingival recession. For each 1\u00a0mm increase in post-treatment intercanine width, there was 0.80 times lower odds of gingival recession. And for each 1\u00a0mm increase in change in the arch depth, there was 1.16 times higher odds of gingival recession. For each 1\u00a0mm increase in pre- and post-treatment mandibular symphysis width, there was 0.47 and 0.39 times lower odds of gingival recession.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Regardless of the type of orthodontic treatment, increased keratinized gingival height, mandibular symphysis width, and post-treatment intercanine width lower the risk of gingival recession.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/1646.9.2017.42","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T08:10:05Z","timestamp":1520842205000},"page":"19-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk factors contributing to gingival recession among patients undergoing different orthodontic treatment modalities"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nozha Mahmoud","family":"Sawan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ghoneima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelton","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontic and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Kent, WA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry","first-page":"958","article-title":"Mucogingival therapy \u2013 Periodontal plastic surgery","author":"Wennstrom\n JI","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wennstrom\n JI\n \n , \n \n Zucchellie\n G\n \n , \n \n Pini Prato\n G\n \n (2008): Mucogingival therapy \u2013 Periodontal plastic surgery. In: Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, eds LindheJ, LangNP, KarringT, Blackwell Munksgaar, Oxford, p. 958"},{"key":"B2","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01634.x","article-title":"Evidence-based periodontal plastic surgery: An assessment of quality of systematic reviews in the treatment of recession-type defects","volume":"37","author":"Chambrone\n L","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chambrone\n L\n \n , \n \n Faggion\n CM\n Jr\n \n , \n \n Pannuti\n CM\n \n , \n \n Chambrone\n LA\n \n : Evidence-based periodontal plastic surgery: An assessment of quality of systematic reviews in the treatment of recession-type defects. J Clin Periodontol37, 1110\u20131118 (2010)10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2010.01634.x"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"J Periodontol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.6.489","article-title":"The natural history of periodontal disease in man: Prevalence, severity, and extent of gingival recession","volume":"63","author":"Loe\n H","year":"1992","unstructured":"Loe\n H\n \n , \n \n Anerud\n A\n \n , \n \n Boysen\n H\n \n : The natural history of periodontal disease in man: Prevalence, severity, and extent of gingival recession. J Periodontol63, 489\u2013495 (1992)10.1902\/jop.1992.63.6.489"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"J Periodontol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.10.1377","article-title":"Gingival recession: Epidemiology and risk indicators in a representative urban Brazilian population","volume":"75","author":"Susin\n C","year":"2004","unstructured":"Susin\n C\n \n , \n \n Haas\n AN\n \n , \n \n Oppermann\n RV\n \n , \n \n Haugejorden\n O\n \n , \n \n Albandar\n JM\n \n : Gingival recession: Epidemiology and risk indicators in a representative urban Brazilian population. J Periodontol75, 1377\u20131386 (2004)10.1902\/jop.2004.75.10.1377"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70118-G","article-title":"The effect of orthodontic treatment on plaque and gingivitis","volume":"99","author":"Davies\n TM","year":"1991","unstructured":"Davies\n TM\n \n , \n \n Shaw\n WC\n \n , \n \n Worthington\n HV\n \n , \n \n Addy\n M\n \n , \n \n Dummer\n P\n \n , \n \n Kingdon\n A\n \n : The effect of orthodontic treatment on plaque and gingivitis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop99, 155\u2013161 (1991)10.1016\/0889-5406(91)70118-G"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00392-5","article-title":"Comparative radiographic evaluation of the alveolar bone crest after orthodontic treatment","volume":"124","author":"Janson\n G","year":"2003","unstructured":"Janson\n G\n \n , \n \n Bombonatti\n R\n \n , \n \n Brandao\n AG\n \n , \n \n Henriques\n JF\n \n , \n \n de Freitas\n MR\n \n : Comparative radiographic evaluation of the alveolar bone crest after orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop124, 157\u2013164 (2003)10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00392-5"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/25.4.343","article-title":"Does labial movement of lower incisors influence the level of the gingival margin? A case-control study of adult orthodontic patients","volume":"25","author":"Allais\n D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Allais\n D\n \n , \n \n Melsen\n B\n \n : Does labial movement of lower incisors influence the level of the gingival margin? A case-control study of adult orthodontic patients. Eur J Orthod25, 343\u2013352 (2003)10.1093\/ejo\/25.4.343"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00278.x","article-title":"The prevalence and distribution of gingival recession in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene","volume":"21","author":"Serino\n G","year":"1994","unstructured":"Serino\n G\n \n , \n \n Wennstrom\n JL\n \n , \n \n Lindhe\n J\n \n , \n \n Eneroth\n L\n \n : The prevalence and distribution of gingival recession in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene. J Clin Periodontol21, 57\u201363 (1994)10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00278.x"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-002-0033-5","article-title":"Anterior crowding \u2013 Just an esthetic problem?","volume":"63","author":"Abboud\n M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abboud\n M\n \n , \n \n Gruner\n M\n \n , \n \n Koeck\n B\n \n : Anterior crowding \u2013 Just an esthetic problem?J Orofac Orthop63, 264\u2013273 (2002)10.1007\/s00056-002-0033-5"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0137","article-title":"The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession","volume":"134","author":"Kassab\n MM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kassab\n MM\n \n , \n \n Cohen\n RE\n \n : The etiology and prevalence of gingival recession. J Am Dent Assoc134, 220\u2013225 (2003)10.14219\/jada.archive.2003.0137"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01491.x","article-title":"Orthodontic therapy and ginigval recession","volume":"13","author":"Joss-Vassalli\n I","year":"2010","unstructured":"Joss-Vassalli\n I\n \n , \n \n Grebenstein\n C\n \n , \n \n Topouzelis\n N\n \n , \n \n Sculean\n A\n \n , \n \n Katsaros\n C\n \n : Orthodontic therapy and ginigval recession. Orthod Craniofac Res13, 127\u2013141 (2010)10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2010.01491.x"},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques","first-page":"807","article-title":"Periodontal-orthodontic interrelationships","author":"Vanarsdall\n RL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vanarsdall\n RL\n \n , \n \n Secchi\n AG\n \n (2012): Periodontal-orthodontic interrelationships. In: Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques, eds GraberTM, VanarsdallRL, Elsevier, St. Louis, pp. 807\u2013814"},{"key":"B13","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1987.tb00954.x","article-title":"Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys","volume":"14","author":"Wennstrom\n JL","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wennstrom\n JL\n \n , \n \n Lindhe\n J\n \n , \n \n Sinclair\n F\n \n , \n \n Thilander\n B\n \n : Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys. J Clin Periodontol14, 121\u2013129 (1987)10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1987.tb00954.x"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0184","article-title":"The effects of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health: A systematic review of controlled evidence","volume":"139","author":"Bollen\n AM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bollen\n AM\n \n , \n \n Cunha-Cruz\n J\n \n , \n \n Bakko\n DW\n \n , \n \n Huang\n GJ\n \n , \n \n Hujoel\n PP\n \n : The effects of orthodontic therapy on periodontal health: A systematic review of controlled evidence. J Am Dent Assoc139, 413\u2013422 (2008)10.14219\/jada.archive.2008.0184"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.02.054","article-title":"Gingival recession in young adults: Occurrence, severity, and relationship to past orthodontic treatment and oral piercing","volume":"134","author":"Slutzkey\n S","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slutzkey\n S\n \n , \n \n Levin\n L\n \n : Gingival recession in young adults: Occurrence, severity, and relationship to past orthodontic treatment and oral piercing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop134, 652\u2013656 (2008)10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.02.054"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.01.020","article-title":"A prospective long-term study on the effects of rapid maxillary expansion in the early mixed dentition","volume":"129","author":"Geran\n RG","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geran\n RG\n \n , \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr\n \n , \n \n Baccetti\n T\n \n , \n \n Franchi\n L\n \n , \n \n Shapiro\n LM\n \n : A prospective long-term study on the effects of rapid maxillary expansion in the early mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop129, 631\u2013640 (2006)10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.01.020"},{"key":"B17","series-title":"Am J Orthod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(53)90082-7","article-title":"Cephalometrics for you and me","volume":"39","author":"Steiner\n CC","year":"1953","unstructured":"Steiner\n CC\n \n : Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod39, 729\u2013755 (1953)10.1016\/0002-9416(53)90082-7"},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"121","article-title":"The Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis","volume":"24","author":"Tweed\n CF","year":"1954","unstructured":"Tweed\n CF\n \n : The Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle in orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning and prognosis. Am J Orthod24, 121\u2013169 (1954)"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"191","article-title":"Analysis of the dentofacial profile","volume":"26","author":"Downs\n WB","year":"1956","unstructured":"Downs\n WB\n \n : Analysis of the dentofacial profile. Angle Orthod26, 191\u2013212 (1956)"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(56)90112-9","article-title":"Changes in relationship of point A and B during orthodontic treatment","volume":"42","author":"Holdaway\n RA","year":"1956","unstructured":"Holdaway\n RA\n \n : Changes in relationship of point A and B during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod42, 176\u2013193 (1956)10.1016\/0002-9416(56)90112-9"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Am J Orthod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(60)90172-X","article-title":"Cephalometric synthesis: An exercise in starting objectives and planning treatment with tracings of the head roentgenogram","volume":"46","author":"Ricketts\n RM","year":"1960","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM\n \n : Cephalometric synthesis: An exercise in starting objectives and planning treatment with tracings of the head roentgenogram. Am J Orthod46, 647\u2013675 (1960)10.1016\/0002-9416(60)90172-X"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs045","article-title":"Gingival recessions and the change of inclination of mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment","volume":"35","author":"Renkema\n AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renkema\n AM\n \n , \n \n Fudalej\n PS\n \n , \n \n Renkema\n A\n \n , \n \n Bronkhorst\n E\n \n , \n \n Katsaros\n C\n \n : Gingival recessions and the change of inclination of mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod35, 249\u2013255 (2013)10.1093\/ejo\/cjs045"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12105","article-title":"Gingival labial recessions in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals: A case\u2013control study","volume":"40","author":"Renkema\n AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renkema\n AM\n \n , \n \n Fudalej\n PS\n \n , \n \n Renkema\n AA\n \n , \n \n Abbas\n F\n \n , \n \n Bronkhorst\n E\n \n , \n \n Katsaros\n C\n \n : Gingival labial recessions in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals: A case\u2013control study. J Clin Periodontol40, 631\u2013637 (2013)10.1111\/jcpe.12105"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2319\/021411-108.1","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of vestibular recession in mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment","volume":"82","author":"Vasconcelos\n G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vasconcelos\n G\n \n , \n \n Kjellsen\n K\n \n , \n \n Preus\n H\n \n , \n \n Vandevska-Radunovic\n V\n \n , \n \n Hansen\n BF\n \n : Prevalence and severity of vestibular recession in mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod82, 42\u201347 (2012).10.2319\/021411-108.1"},{"key":"B25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)80006-0","article-title":"Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone, and symphysis after orthodontic treatment. A retrospective study","volume":"110","author":"Wehrbein\n H","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wehrbein\n H\n \n , \n \n Bauer\n W\n \n , \n \n Diedrich\n P\n \n : Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone, and symphysis after orthodontic treatment. A retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop110, 239\u2013246 (1996)10.1016\/S0889-5406(96)80006-0"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90450-1","article-title":"Periodontal status of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination. A study in adults with surgically treated mandibular prognathism","volume":"91","author":"Artun\n J","year":"1987","unstructured":"Artun\n J\n \n , \n \n Krogstad\n O\n \n : Periodontal status of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination. A study in adults with surgically treated mandibular prognathism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop91, 225\u2013232 (1987)10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90450-1"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"J clin Orthod","first-page":"882","article-title":"The limitation of tooth movements within the symphysis studied with laminography and standardized occlusal films","volume":"10","author":"Mulie\n RM","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mulie\n RM\n \n , \n \n Hoeve\n AT\n \n : The limitation of tooth movements within the symphysis studied with laminography and standardized occlusal films. J clin Orthod10, 882\u2013899 (1976)"},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.12.026","article-title":"Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: A retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients","volume":"127","author":"Melsen\n B","year":"2005","unstructured":"Melsen\n B\n \n , \n \n Allais\n D\n \n : Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: A retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop127, 552\u2013561 (2005)10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.12.026"},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.015","article-title":"Periodontal status of mandibular central incisors after orthodontic proclination in adults","volume":"130","author":"Yared\n KF","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yared\n KF\n \n , \n \n Zenobio\n EG\n \n , \n \n Pacheco\n W\n \n : Periodontal status of mandibular central incisors after orthodontic proclination in adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop130, 6.e1\u20136.e8 (2006)10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.01.015"}],"container-title":["Interventional Medicine and Applied Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.akademiai.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1556\/1646.9.2017.42","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/1646\/10\/1\/article-p19.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/1646\/10\/1\/article-p19.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/1646\/10\/1\/article-p19.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T16:18:07Z","timestamp":1704298687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/1646\/10\/1\/article-p19.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/1646.9.2017.42","relation":{},"ISSN":["2061-1617","2061-5094"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2061-1617","type":"print"},{"value":"2061-5094","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}}}