{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:22:19Z","timestamp":1765887739918},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EuJMI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Through an age- and sex-matched case-control study, we sought to determine whether female sex workers have an increased risk of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> exposure and to determine the sociodemographic, work, clinical, and behavioral characteristics of these workers associated with <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> exposure. Female workers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 136) and controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 272) were examined with enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIA) for the presence of anti-<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> IgG and IgM antibodies. IgM positive sera were additionally tested with enzyme linked-fluorescence immunoassay (ELFA). Anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies were found in 21 (15.44%) of 136 cases and in 10 (3.67%) of 272 controls (OR = 4.05; 95% CI: 1.84\u20138.89; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001). Anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG levels higher than 150 IU\/ml were found in 13 (9.6%) of 136 cases and in 8 (2.9%) of 272 controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). Anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgM antibodies were found in two cases and in six controls by EIA, but all were negative by ELFA. <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seropositivity was associated with being born out of Durango State (OR = 10.47; 95% CI: 2.9\u201336.8; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), injuries during sex work (OR = 6.30; 95% CI: 1.1\u201333.7; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03), and soil contact (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.2\u201314.0; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). This is the first report of an association of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection and female sex workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2015.00039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T21:24:49Z","timestamp":1446672289000},"page":"285-292","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in female sex workers: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Cosme","family":"Alvarado-Esquivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Francisco","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Arreola-Ch\u00e1idez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Sanitary Inspection, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Sanitary Inspection, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karla Itzel","family":"Salcido-Meraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Sanitary Inspection, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Estrada-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Navarrete-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma Rosa","family":"P\u00e9rez-\u00c1lamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Sanitary Inspection, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"R\u00e1bago-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"},{"name":"General Hospital, Secretary of Health, Avenida 5 de febrero 220, 34000 Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Liesenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charit\u00e9 Medical School, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Chief Medical Officer, Medical and Scientific Affairs, Roche Molecular Systems, Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","container-title":["European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/1886\/5\/4\/article-p285.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/1886\/5\/4\/article-p285.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/1886\/5\/4\/article-p285.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T16:32:28Z","timestamp":1704299548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/1886\/5\/4\/article-p285.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/1886.2015.00039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-509X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-509X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}