{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:22:19Z","timestamp":1783635739720,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EuJMI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infection with <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in brain may cause some symptoms that resemble those in women with premenstrual syndrome. To determine the association of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection with symptoms and signs of premenstrual syndrome, we examined 489 women aged 30\u201340 years old. Sera of participants were analyzed for the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and IgM antibodies using enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIA) and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>Anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies were found in 38 (7.8%) of the women studied. Anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgM antibodies were found in 13 (34.2%) of the 38 IgG seropositive women. Logistic regression showed two variables associated with seropositivity to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>: presence of diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] = 6.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.37\u201327.85; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and weight gain (OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.37\u20136.07; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), and two variables associated with high (&gt;150 IU\/ml) levels of IgG against <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>: presence of diarrhea (OR = 7.40; 95% CI: 1.79\u201330.46; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.006) and abdominal inflammation (OR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.13\u201310.10; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). Positivity to EIA IgG and PCR was positively associated with obesity and negatively associated with joint pain by bivariate analysis.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>Our study for the first time reveals a potential association of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> infection with clinical manifestations of premenstrual syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2016.00030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T13:25:16Z","timestamp":1478179516000},"page":"298-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of Toxoplasma gondii infection on symptoms and signs of premenstrual syndrome: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Cosme","family":"Alvarado-Esquivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Dgo, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Francisco","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma Rosa","family":"P\u00e9rez-\u00c1lamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yazmin","family":"del Rosario Rico-Almochantaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Dgo, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Estrada-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Vaquera-Enriquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Center No. 2 \u201cDr. Carlos Santamar\u00eda\u201d, Servicios de Salud de Durango, Durango, Mexico, Talpa S\/N, 34170 Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"D\u00edaz-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Center No. 2 \u201cDr. Carlos Santamar\u00eda\u201d, Servicios de Salud de Durango, Durango, Mexico, Talpa S\/N, 34170 Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agar","family":"Ramos-Nevarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S\/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada Agustina","family":"Sandoval-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Salas-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra Margarita","family":"Cerrillo-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S\/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Irasema","family":"Antuna-Salcido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, 34000 Durango, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Liesenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charit\u00e9 Medical School, Hindenburgdamm 27, D-12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Guido-Arreola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica de Medicina Familiar, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Predio Canoas S\/N, 34079 Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","container-title":["European Journal of Microbiology and 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