{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:53:18Z","timestamp":1791899598091,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The link between <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infection and multiple sclerosis remains controversial. In the present study, we aimed to determine the association between <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seropositivity and multiple sclerosis. Using an age- and gender-matched case-control study, we studied 45 patients who had multiple sclerosis attended in two public hospitals and 225 control subjects without this disease and other neurological disorders in Durango City, Mexico. Serum samples of cases and controls were analyzed for detection of anti-<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> IgG using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay. One (2.22%) of the 45 patients with multiple sclerosis, and 15 (6.67%) of the 225 control subjects without this disease were seropositive for anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies. No statistically significant difference (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.04\u20132.47; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.48) in seroprevalence of anti-<jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> IgG antibodies between cases and controls was found. The frequency of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seropositivity did not vary among cases and controls about sex or age groups. Results of this study do not support an association between seropositivity to <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> and multiple sclerosis. However, additional research with larger sample sizes to confirm this lack of association should be conducted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2019.00020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,9]],"date-time":"2020-07-09T13:38:12Z","timestamp":1594301892000},"page":"76-79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Toxoplasma gondii infection and multiple sclerosis: An age- and a gender-matched case-control seroprevalence study"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Edna Madai","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Carretera Federal M\u00e9xico Puebla Km 35, Ixtapaluca, 56530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Biomedical Research Laboratory. Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, Durango, 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Salas-Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera-Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, Durango, 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Francisco","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera-Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, Durango, 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Arias-Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sue\u00f1o, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada Agustina","family":"Sandoval-Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera-Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, Durango, 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Xavier","family":"Castellanos-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institute for Scientific Research \u201cDr. Roberto Rivera-Damm\u201d, Ju\u00e1rez University of Durango State, Avenida Universidad S\/N, Durango, 34000, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis \u00c1ngel","family":"Ruano-Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5General Hospital \u201c450\u201d, Secretary of Health, Durango, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0367-6052","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cosme","family":"Alvarado-Esquivel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Biomedical Research Laboratory. 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