{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:59:51Z","timestamp":1793120391922,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EuJMI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Pulmonary infections of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) or in intensive care units are frequently caused by the Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Since these bacteria are commonly inherently multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hence, antibiotic treatment options are limited, bacteriophages may provide alternative therapeutic and prophylactic measures in the combat of pneumonia caused by\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This prompted us to perform a comprehensive literature survey of current knowledge regarding effects of phages applied against pulmonary\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections. The\u00a0included 23 studies revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    specific phages lyse and eliminate the bacteria even in case of biofilm production\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro,<\/jats:italic>\n                    whereas application to mice and men resulted in mitigated\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u00a0aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced clinical signs and enhanced survival. Besides distinct host immune responses, no major adverse effects limiting therapeutic and\/or prophylactic phage application were noted. However, the immune system and antibiotics generate synergies with phages due to the mutable sensitivity of\n                    <jats:italic>P.\u00a0aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In conclusion, results summarized in this review provide evidence that phages constitute promising alternative treatment options for lung infections caused by MDR\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Further studies are needed, however, to underscore the efficacy and safety aspects of phages application to infected patients including immune-compromised individuals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2023.00060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T10:06:09Z","timestamp":1706004369000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Phage therapy in lung infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa \u2013 A literature review"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vincent A.","family":"Eiselt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bereswill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6399-651X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus M.","family":"Heimesaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Robbins & Cotran Pathologic basis of disease","first-page":"366","article-title":"Infectious diseases","author":"Frank KM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frank KM, McAdam AJ. Infectious diseases In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, editors. Robbins & Cotran Pathologic basis of disease, 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020. p. 366."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Pseudomonas and related infections rahway","author":"Bush LM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bush LM, Vazquez-Pertejo MT. Pseudomonas and related infections rahway. NJ: Merck & Co., Inc.; 2022. [Available from: https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/professional\/infectious-diseases\/gram-negative-bacilli\/pseudomonas-and-related-infections."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019","author":"CDC","year":"2019","unstructured":"CDC. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2019."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"WHO publishes list of bacteria for which new antibiotics are urgently needed Geneva","author":"WHO","year":"2017","unstructured":"WHO. WHO publishes list of bacteria for which new antibiotics are urgently needed Geneva. WHO; 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/27-02-2017-who-publishes-list-of-bacteria-for-which-new-antibiotics-are-urgently-needed."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"No time to Wait: securing the future from drug-resistant infections","author":"IACG","year":"2019","unstructured":"IACG. No time to Wait: securing the future from drug-resistant infections. IACG; 2019."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Comptes Rendus Acad Sci","first-page":"373","article-title":"Sur un microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysent\u00e9riques","volume":"165","author":"d\u2019H\u00e9relle FH","year":"1917","unstructured":"d\u2019H\u00e9relle FH. Sur un microbe invisible antagoniste des bacilles dysent\u00e9riques. Comptes Rendus Acad Sci 1917;165:373\u20135."},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol","first-page":"437","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy","volume":"55","author":"Summers WC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Summers WC. Bacteriophage therapy. Annu Rev Microbiol 2001;55:437\u201351."},{"issue":"2","key":"B8","series-title":"Bacteriophage","first-page":"130","article-title":"The strange history of phage therapy","volume":"2","author":"Summers WC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Summers WC. The strange history of phage therapy. Bacteriophage 2012;2(2):130\u20133."},{"issue":"2","key":"B9","series-title":"Antibiotics","first-page":"124","article-title":"Phage- encoded endolysins","volume":"10","author":"Abdelrahman F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdelrahman F, Easwaran M, Daramola OI, Ragab S, Lynch S, Oduselu TJ, et\u00a0al. Phage- encoded endolysins. Antibiotics 2021;10(2):124."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Virologica Sinica","first-page":"125","article-title":"Bacteriophages and lysins in biofilm control","volume":"35","author":"\u0141usiak-Szelachowska M","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u0141usiak-Szelachowska M, Weber-Dabrowska B, G\u00f3rski A. Bacteriophages and lysins in biofilm control. Virologica Sinica 2020;35:125\u201333."},{"issue":"2","key":"B11","series-title":"Bacteriophage","first-page":"111","article-title":"Pros and cons of phage therapy","volume":"1","author":"Loc-Carrillo C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loc-Carrillo C, Abedon ST. Pros and cons of phage therapy. Bacteriophage 2011;1(2):111\u20134."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"1809","article-title":"Phage therapy for multi- drug resistant respiratory tract infections","volume":"13","author":"Iszatt JJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iszatt JJ, Larcombe AN, Chan H-K, Stick SM, Garratt LW, Kicic A. Phage therapy for multi- drug resistant respiratory tract infections. Viruses 2021;13:1809."},{"issue":"2","key":"B13","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"e01714","article-title":"Proof-of-Principle study in a murine lung infection model of antipseudomonal activity of phage PEV20 in a dry-powder formulation","volume":"62","author":"Chang RYK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang RYK, Chen K, Wang J, Wallin M, Britton W, Morales S, et\u00a0al. Proof-of-Principle study in a murine lung infection model of antipseudomonal activity of phage PEV20 in a dry-powder formulation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018;62(2):e01714\u201317."},{"issue":"8","key":"B14","series-title":"Res Microbiol","first-page":"633","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of the YH6 phage in a murine hemorrhagic pneumonia model","volume":"166","author":"Yang M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang M, Du C, Gong P, Xia F, Sun C, Feng X, et\u00a0al. Therapeutic effect of the YH6 phage in a murine hemorrhagic pneumonia model. Res Microbiol 2015;166(8):633\u201343."},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"e01470","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and time-kill study of inhaled antipseudomonal bacteriophage therapy in mice","volume":"65","author":"Chow MYT","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chow MYT, Yoon Kyung Chang R, Li M, Wang Y, Lin Y, Morales S, et\u00a0al. Pharmacokinetics and time-kill study of inhaled antipseudomonal bacteriophage therapy in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021;65(1):e01470\u201320."},{"issue":"8","key":"B16","series-title":"J Virol","first-page":"e01832","article-title":"Novel lytic phages protect cells and mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"95","author":"Chen F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen F, Cheng X, Li J, Yuan X, Huang X, Lian M, et\u00a0al. Novel lytic phages protect cells and mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. J Virol 2021;95(8):e01832\u201320."},{"key":"B17","series-title":"Infect Drug Resist","first-page":"4457","article-title":"Evaluation of phage therapy for pulmonary infection of mouse by liquid aerosol-exposure Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"14","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Meng B, Wei X, Li Y, Wang X, Zheng Y, et\u00a0al. Evaluation of phage therapy for pulmonary infection of mouse by liquid aerosol-exposure Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Drug Resist 2021;14:4457\u201369."},{"issue":"7","key":"B18","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"983","article-title":"The effects of different doses of inhaled bacteriophage therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections in mice","volume":"28","author":"Chang RYK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang RYK, Chow MYT, Wang Y, Liu C, Hong Q, Morales S, et\u00a0al. The effects of different doses of inhaled bacteriophage therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections in mice. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(7):983\u20139."},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Int J Pharmaceutics","article-title":"Phage cocktail powder for Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections","volume":"596","author":"Li M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li M, Chang RYK, Lin Y, Morales S, Kutter E, Chan H-K. Phage cocktail powder for Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections. Int J Pharmaceutics 2021;596:120200."},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Arch Virol","first-page":"1289","article-title":"RLP, a bacteriophage of the family Podoviridae, rescues mice from bacteremia caused by multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"165","author":"Alvi IA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alvi IA, Asif M, Tabassum R, Aslam R, Abbas Z, Rehman Su. RLP, a bacteriophage of the family Podoviridae, rescues mice from bacteremia caused by multi\u2010drug\u2010resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Arch Virol 2020;165:1289\u201397."},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"293","article-title":"A novel antimicrobial endolysin, LysPA26, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"8","author":"Guo M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo M, Feng C, Ren J, Zhuang X, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, et\u00a0al. A novel antimicrobial endolysin, LysPA26, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2017;8:293."},{"issue":"5","key":"B22","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","article-title":"PlyKp104, a novel phage lysin for the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens","volume":"67","author":"Euler CW","year":"2023","unstructured":"Euler CW, Raz A, Hernandez A, Serrano A, Xu S, Andersson M, et\u00a0al. PlyKp104, a novel phage lysin for the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023;67(5):e0151922."},{"issue":"7","key":"B23","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"e00024","article-title":"Isolation of phage lysins that effectively kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mouse models of lung and skin infection","volume":"63","author":"Raz A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raz A, Serrano A, Hernandez A, Euler CW, Fischetti VA. Isolation of phage lysins that effectively kill Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mouse models of lung and skin infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019;63(7):e00024\u201319."},{"issue":"3","key":"B24","series-title":"Microorganisms","first-page":"478","article-title":"Vitro newly isolated environmental phage activity against biofilms preformed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"9","author":"Fiscarelli EV","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fiscarelli EV, Rossitto M, Rosati P, Essa N, Crocetta V, Di Giulio A, et\u00a0al. Vitro newly isolated environmental phage activity against biofilms preformed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis. Microorganisms 2021;9(3):478."},{"issue":"7","key":"B25","series-title":"Thorax","first-page":"666","article-title":"Phage therapy is highly effective against chronic lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"72","author":"Waters EM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waters EM, Neill DR, Kaman B, Sahota JS, Clokie MRJ, Winstanley C, et\u00a0al. Phage therapy is highly effective against chronic lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thorax 2017;72(7):666\u2013667."},{"issue":"8","key":"B26","series-title":"Antibiotics","first-page":"946","article-title":"Successful intratracheal treatment of phage and antibiotic combination therapy of a multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa murine model","volume":"10","author":"Duplessis C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duplessis C, Warawa JM, Lawrenz MB, Henry M, Biswas B. Successful intratracheal treatment of phage and antibiotic combination therapy of a multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa murine model. Antibiotics 2021;10(8):946."},{"issue":"3","key":"B27","series-title":"Microorganisms","first-page":"660","article-title":"Variability in bacteriophage and antibiotic sensitivity in serial Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis airway cultures over 12 months","volume":"9","author":"Martin I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin I, Kenna DTD, Morales S, Alton EWFW, Davies JC. Variability in bacteriophage and antibiotic sensitivity in serial Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis airway cultures over 12 months. Microorganisms 2021;9(3):660."},{"issue":"3","key":"B28","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"311","article-title":"Development of host immune response to bacteriophage in a lung transplant recipient on adjunctive phage therapy for a multidrug-resistant pneumonia","volume":"227","author":"Dan JM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dan JM, Lehman SM, Al-kolla R, Penziner S, Afshar K, Yung G, et\u00a0al. Development of host immune response to bacteriophage in a lung transplant recipient on adjunctive phage therapy for a multidrug-resistant pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2023;227(3):311\u20136."},{"issue":"2","key":"B29","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"387","article-title":"Repetitive exposure to bacteriophage cocktails against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli provokes marginal humoral immunity in Na\u00efve mice","volume":"15","author":"Weissfuss C","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weissfuss C, Wienhold S-M, B\u00fcrkle M, Gaborieau B, Bushe J, Behrendt U, et\u00a0al. Repetitive exposure to bacteriophage cocktails against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli provokes marginal humoral immunity in Na\u00efve mice. Viruses 2023;15(2):387."},{"issue":"1","key":"B30","series-title":"Cell Host & Microbe","first-page":"38","article-title":"Synergy between the host immune system and bacteriophage is essential for successful phage therapy against an acute respiratory pathogen","volume":"22","author":"Roach DR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roach DR, Leung CY, Henry M, Morello E, Singh D, Santo JPD, et\u00a0al. Synergy between the host immune system and bacteriophage is essential for successful phage therapy against an acute respiratory pathogen. Cell Host & Microbe 2017;22(1):38\u201347."},{"issue":"9","key":"B31","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy increases complement-mediated lysis of bacteria and enhances bacterial clearance after acute lung infection with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"219","author":"Abd El-Aziz AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abd El-Aziz AM, Elgaml A, Ali YM. Bacteriophage therapy increases complement-mediated lysis of bacteria and enhances bacterial clearance after acute lung infection with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Dis 2019;219(9):1439\u201347."},{"issue":"8","key":"B32","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","article-title":"Increased innate immune susceptibility in hyperpigmented bacteriophage-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"66","author":"Menon ND","year":"2022","unstructured":"Menon ND, Penziner S, Monta\u00f1o ET, Zurich R, Pride DT, Nair BG, et\u00a0al. Increased innate immune susceptibility in hyperpigmented bacteriophage-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022;66(8):e0023922."},{"key":"B33","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"665","article-title":"Successful adjunctive use of bacteriophage therapy for treatment of multidrug\u2010resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a cystic fibrosis patient","volume":"47","author":"Law N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Law N, Logan C, Yung G, Furr CLL, Lehman SM, Morales S, et\u00a0al. Successful adjunctive use of bacteriophage therapy for treatment of multidrug\u2010resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a cystic fibrosis patient. Infection 2019;47:665\u20138."},{"issue":"9","key":"B34","series-title":"Am J Transplant","first-page":"2631","article-title":"Early clinical experience of bacteriophage therapy in three lung transplant recipients","volume":"19","author":"Aslam S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aslam S, Courtwright AM, Koval C, Lehman SM, Morales S, Furr C-LL, et\u00a0al. Early clinical experience of bacteriophage therapy in three lung transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2019;19(9):2631\u20139."},{"issue":"2","key":"B35","series-title":"Bioscience Trends","first-page":"158","article-title":"Bacteriophage therapy for empyema caused by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"16","author":"Chen P","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen P, Liu Z, Tan X, Wang H, Liang Y, Kong Y, et\u00a0al. Bacteriophage therapy for empyema caused by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bioscience Trends 2022;16(2):158\u201362."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/1886\/14\/1\/article-p1.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/1886\/14\/1\/article-p1.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/1886\/14\/1\/article-p1.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T07:23:34Z","timestamp":1708673014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/1886\/14\/1\/article-p1.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/1886.2023.00060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-509X","2062-8633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-509X","type":"print"},{"value":"2062-8633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]]}}}