{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T04:14:28Z","timestamp":1775276068487,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EuJMI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The exploratory study assessed trends in the abundance of CTX-M-type extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and vancomycin-resistance genes <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic> in the stool samples of German soldiers and police officers returning from predominantly tropical deployments next to the\u00a0common diarrheagenic <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E.<\/jats:italic>) <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> pathovars enteropathogenic <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (EPEC), enterotoxigenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (ETEC) and enteroaggregative <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> (EAEC)) as well as rarely imported <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> spp. between 2006 and 2024.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surveillance was performed applying real-time polymerase chain reaction and results were stratified by World Health Organization region of deployment as well as by deployment period. For the latter, the study interval was divided into three pre-COVID-19-pandemic periods, the COVID-19-pandemic period and the post-COVID-19-pandemic period. Averaged prevalences were used as references.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In stool samples of 1817 deployed German soldiers and 117\u00a0police officers, averaged prevalences were 47.9% and 24.8% for the ESBL-type beta-lactamase <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>, 30.2% and 14.5% for <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>, 9.0% and 17.9% for EPEC, 3.4% and 12.8% for ETEC, 4.0% and 3.4% for EAEC as well as 2.0% and 3.4% for <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic> spp., respectively. While resistance genes peaked during early deployments, maximum prevalences for enteropathogens were seen later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The\u00a0assessment suggested time- and region-dependence of the assessed parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2024.00093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T11:11:27Z","timestamp":1730200287000},"page":"309-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spatial and temporal dynamics of the prevalence of resistance genes and gastrointestinal pathogens in stool samples of German deployment returnees"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Navabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothea Franziska","family":"Wiemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Department, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Halfter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Department, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"M\u00fcseler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Service, German Federal Police, Potsdam, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susann","family":"Dupke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens\/Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Petrov-Salzwedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department A\u2014Veterinary Medicine, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Kiel, Kronshagen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Schotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department A\u2014Veterinary Medicine, Central Institute of the Bundeswehr Medical Service Kiel, Kronshagen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8967-9528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hagen","family":"Frickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance 21 November 2023 key facts","unstructured":"Antimicrobial resistance 21 November 2023 key facts. 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