{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T05:27:22Z","timestamp":1734586042915,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01KA1102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KA1102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EuJMI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study assessed replicative human immunodeficiency virus-(HIV-) infection and\u00a0replicative co-infections as well as molecular determinants of reduced susceptibility towards\u00a0anti-retroviral\u00a0therapy in a Ghanaian population of known HIV patients and a control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Real-time PCRs for HIV-1, HIV-2, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were\u00a0run with serum samples from known Ghanaian HIV-patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 975) and control individuals (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0= 105). For 108 individuals, HIV-sequence analysis was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of replicative HIV-1 infection was 59.8% (583\/975) in the known HIV-positive population and 2.9% (3\/105) in the\u00a0controls. Prevalences of replicative HBV-infection were comparable with 3.4% (33\/975) in the HIV-positive individuals and 3.8% (4\/105) in the controls. HIV-2 and HCV sequences were not recorded. Almost perfect concordance between two compared HIV-1-PCR assays was indicated by Fleiss' Kappa &gt;0.8. Sanger sequencing indicated CRF_02AG, G and A3 as the quantitatively dominating HIV-1 subtypes, a minority of 3.4% CXCR4 tropism and high detection rates of mutations mediating reduced susceptibility towards nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (71.9%, 64\/89), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (95.5%, 85\/89), protease inhibitors (95.9%, 93\/97) and integrase inhibitors (22.4%, 22\/98).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The assessment did not suggest HIV-triggered increased replication of HBV and HCV in the investigated Ghanaian population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2024.00103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]],"date-time":"2024-10-30T12:29:52Z","timestamp":1730291392000},"page":"346-360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Replicative co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 as well as hepatitis B and C virus in Ghanaian individuals"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lynn","family":"Glyschewski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"L\u00fctgehetmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Feldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred Stephen","family":"Sarfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard Odame","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Dompreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadrack Osei","family":"Asibey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Weinreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German-Dutch Corps, M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8967-9528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hagen","family":"Frickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten Alexandra","family":"Eberhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. 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