{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T10:04:58Z","timestamp":1765879498158,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765843200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ESTHER Alliance for Global Health Partnerships, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["01KA1102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KA1102"]}]},{"name":"German Ministry of Defense","award":["36K2-S-45 1922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["36K2-S-45 1922"]}]},{"name":"Heinz Ansmann Foundation for AIDS Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EuJMI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate associations of enteric colonization with resistant bacteria in Ghanaian individuals who were tested positive and negative for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Abundance of the ESBL-(extended spectrum beta-lactamase-)type resistance-mediating gene\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                      and the vancomycin resistant enterococci-(VRE-)associated genes\n                      <jats:italic>vanA<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>vanB<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes was associated with available clinical and epidemiological data on the study participants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In terms of enteric carriage of ESBL-positive bacteria with CTX-M-type beta-lactam resistance genes, being HIV-positive (93.3% vs. 83.3%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.003) and having low CD4+\u00a0T-lymphocyte counts &lt;200 cells\/\u00b5L (microliter) (96.8% vs. 91.2%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009) were identified as risk factors. Enteric carriage of ESBL-positive bacteria with CTX-M-type resistance genes was associated with poor immunological status in terms of lower CD4+ T-leukocyte counts, lower CD4+\/CD8+ ratios, higher viral replication, as well as with immune activation. For VRE, a non-significant trend for more VRE in control individuals without known HIV infection (6% vs. 2.5%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.089) was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An association of ESBL colonization and immunological status was recorded. No such association was detected for VRE, suggesting different determinants of local VRE epidemiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2025.00061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T14:13:51Z","timestamp":1760537631000},"page":"184-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of HIV status and the abundance of\u00a0blaCTX-M and vanB resistance genes in stool samples of Ghanaian individuals"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Haugk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred Stephen","family":"Sarfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betty Roberta","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Dompreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Acheamfour-Akowuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"},{"name":"Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadrack Osei","family":"Asibey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edmund Osei","family":"Kuffour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Di Cristanziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tafese Beyene","family":"Tufa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hirsch Institute of Tropical Medicine (HITM), Heinrich-Heine University, Asella, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Feldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8967-9528","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hagen","family":"Frickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten Alexandra","family":"Eberhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. 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