{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:31:22Z","timestamp":1773934282811,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["EUJMI"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tattooing deposits ink into the dermis comprising an immunologically highly active organ that filters foreign antigens via lymphatic drainage towards regional lymph nodes. Given chronic antigenic stimulation upon dermal tattoo pigment deposition, lymphadenopathies might manifest both locally and even generalized as granulomatous inflammatory morbidities including sarcoidosis but might not be considered as tattoo-related differential diagnosis. This prompted us to summarize recent evidence on tattoo-associated lymphadenopathies by analyzing clinical presentation, localization, diagnostic workup including histopathology, treatment, and outcomes in a systemic literature survey. The included publications revealed that local lymphadenopathies consistently showed pigment-laden macrophages in draining lymph nodes without granuloma formation, supporting passive lymphatic transport. Conversely, generalized tattoo-associated lymphadenopathy cases predominantly involved hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes particularly observed in sarcoidosis patients, often with granulomatous changes in lymph nodes and\/or tattooed skin. In several reports, the disease onset followed immune-modulating events such as laser tattoo removal, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, or vaccination. Importantly, affected lymph nodes frequently demonstrated avidity in scintigraphy, often leading to invasive procedures and psychological distress due to suspected malignancy. Hence, dermal tattoo pigments act as chronic triggers for distinct immunological host responses emphasizing the importance of thorough tattooing anamnesis when evaluating unexplained local or generalized lymphadenopathies including sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2026.00009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T08:40:36Z","timestamp":1773650436000},"page":"59-66","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tattoos causing local and even generalized lymphadenopathies including sarcoidosis"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maja M.","family":"Jacobi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charit\u00e9 - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Bereswill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charit\u00e9 - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6399-651X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Markus M.","family":"Heimesaat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charit\u00e9 - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"B1","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"e484","article-title":"The prevalence of tattooing and motivations in five major countries over the world","volume":"33","author":"Kluger N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kluger N, Seit\u00e9 S, Taieb C. The prevalence of tattooing and motivations in five major countries over the world. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(12):e484\u20136."},{"issue":"17","key":"B2","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","article-title":"When body art goes awry-severe systemic allergic reaction to red ink tattoo requiring surgical treatment","volume":"19","author":"Szulia A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szulia A, Antoszewski B, Zawadzki T, Kasielska-Trojan A. When body art goes awry-severe systemic allergic reaction to red ink tattoo requiring surgical treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):10741."},{"issue":"8","key":"B3","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"e283","article-title":"Delayed presentation of tattoo lymphadenopathy mimicking malignant melanoma lymphadenopathy","volume":"62","author":"Bordea C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bordea C, Latifaj B, Jaffe W. Delayed presentation of tattoo lymphadenopathy mimicking malignant melanoma lymphadenopathy. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62(8):e283\u20135."},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","series-title":"Cureus","article-title":"Cutaneous tattoo ink as a mimicker of endometriosis-like lesions on diagnostic laparoscopy","volume":"16","author":"Tannous AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tannous AM, Bastow BD. Cutaneous tattoo ink as a mimicker of endometriosis-like lesions on diagnostic laparoscopy. Cureus. 2024;16(4):e59212."},{"issue":"3","key":"B5","series-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol","first-page":"709","article-title":"Systemic sarcoidosis presenting as facial palsy, granulomatous tattoo reaction and sarcoidal scar","volume":"65","author":"Yang Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Y, Ning J, Zhang R. Systemic sarcoidosis presenting as facial palsy, granulomatous tattoo reaction and sarcoidal scar. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2022;65(3):709\u201312."},{"issue":"4","key":"B6","series-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita","first-page":"301","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of tattoos with a focus on younger age groups: a literature review","volume":"61","author":"Palese F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palese F, Valent F. Worldwide prevalence of tattoos with a focus on younger age groups: a literature review. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2025;61(4):301\u201314."},{"issue":"20","key":"B7","series-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd","first-page":"1113","article-title":"[Abnormalities in tattooed skin: sometimes sarcoidosis]","volume":"149","author":"De Geus HR","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Geus HR, Giard RW, Jacobs FA, Lonnee ER, Dees A. [Abnormalities in tattooed skin: sometimes sarcoidosis]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2005;149(20):1113\u20137."},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Tanaffos","first-page":"80","article-title":"Adalimumab-responsive refractory sarcoidosis following multiple eyebrow tattoos: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Mirzaei A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirzaei A, Joharimoghadam MM, Zabihiyeganeh M. Adalimumab-responsive refractory sarcoidosis following multiple eyebrow tattoos: a case report. Tanaffos. 2017;16(1):80\u201383."},{"issue":"5","key":"B9","series-title":"Diagn Cytopathol","first-page":"258","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration cytology in lesions related to ornamental body procedures (skin tattooing, intraoral piercing) and recreational use of drugs (intranasal route)","volume":"28","author":"Zaharopoulos P","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zaharopoulos P. Fine-needle aspiration cytology in lesions related to ornamental body procedures (skin tattooing, intraoral piercing) and recreational use of drugs (intranasal route). Diagn Cytopathol. 2003;28(5):258\u201363."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","article-title":"Case report: tattoo sarcoidosis with epithelioid cell granuloma positive for Propionibacterium acnes","volume":"12","author":"Masuda Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Masuda Y, Okabayashi H, Akaike K, Hamada S, Masunaga A, Ichiyasu H, et al. Case report: tattoo sarcoidosis with epithelioid cell granuloma positive for Propionibacterium acnes. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025;12:1552114."},{"issue":"11","key":"B11","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"896","article-title":"Unexplained lymphadenopathy: evaluation and differential diagnosis","volume":"94","author":"Gaddey HL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gaddey HL, Riegel AM. Unexplained lymphadenopathy: evaluation and differential diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2016;94(11):896\u2013903."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Lymphadenopathy, in StatPearls. 2025","author":"Freeman AM","unstructured":"Freeman AM, Matto P. Lymphadenopathy, in StatPearls. 2025, StatPearls Publishing Copyright \u00a9 2025, StatPearls Publishing LLC: Treasure Island (FL)."},{"issue":"1","key":"B13","series-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers","first-page":"45","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"5","author":"Grunewald J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grunewald J, Grutters JC, Arkema EV, Saketkoo LA, Moller DR, M\u00fcller-Quernheim J. Sarcoidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):45."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Int Semin Surg Oncol","first-page":"28","article-title":"Tattoo pigment in an axillary lymph node simulating metastatic malignant melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Jack CM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jack CM, Adwani A, Krishnan H. Tattoo pigment in an axillary lymph node simulating metastatic malignant melanoma. Int Semin Surg Oncol. 2005;2:28."},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","series-title":"Jaapa","first-page":"29","article-title":"Lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo ink in a patient with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"Melnick N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melnick N, Pierce B. Lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo ink in a patient with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma. Jaapa. 2022l;35(1):29\u201332."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"B16","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"442","article-title":"Tattoo pigment lymphadenopathy mimicking metastasis in vulvar cancer","volume":"120","author":"Beavis A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beavis A, Amneus M, Aoyama C, Holschneider CH. Tattoo pigment lymphadenopathy mimicking metastasis in vulvar cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(2 Pt 2):442\u20134."},{"issue":"7","key":"B17","series-title":"Int J Surg Pathol","first-page":"773","article-title":"Distribution of tattoo pigment in lymph nodes dissected for gynecological malignancy","volume":"27","author":"Tamura D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tamura D, Maeda D, Terada Y, Goto A. Distribution of tattoo pigment in lymph nodes dissected for gynecological malignancy. Int J Surg Pathol. 2019;27(7):773\u20137."},{"issue":"4","key":"B18","series-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil","first-page":"526","article-title":"Brachial plexus lesion induced by tattoo-related lymphadenopathy","volume":"41","author":"Bruno M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bruno M, Bruno JM, Amadei F, Passeri A, Basile G. Brachial plexus lesion induced by tattoo-related lymphadenopathy. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2022;41(4):526\u2013527."},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","series-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat","first-page":"47","article-title":"Tattoo pigment within regional lymph nodes mimicking cutaneous melanoma metastasis","volume":"28","author":"Dujmovi\u0107 A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dujmovi\u0107 A, Juri\u0161i\u0107 N, Mance M, Buli\u0107 K, Vrbanovi\u0107 Mijatovi\u0107 V, Mijatovi\u0107 D. Tattoo pigment within regional lymph nodes mimicking cutaneous melanoma metastasis. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2020;28(1):47\u20138."},{"issue":"6","key":"B20","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","article-title":"Elusive diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in a young woman","volume":"12","author":"Pe\u00f1a Arce C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a Arce C, Vazquez-Gomez O, Garc\u00eda Carretero R, Diego Hernandez C. Elusive diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in a young woman. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(6):e230909."},{"issue":"11","key":"B21","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Axillary lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo pigment and silicone migration","volume":"61","author":"Tehrani H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tehrani H, Lamberty BG. Axillary lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo pigment and silicone migration. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(11):1381."},{"issue":"4","key":"B22","series-title":"Lasers Surg Med","first-page":"231","article-title":"Transient immunoreactivity after laser tattoo removal: report of two cases","volume":"40","author":"Izikson L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Izikson L, Avram M, Anderson RR. Transient immunoreactivity after laser tattoo removal: report of two cases. Lasers Surg Med. 2008;40(4):231\u20132."},{"issue":"6","key":"B23","series-title":"Am J Emerg Med","first-page":"1001.e1","article-title":"Painful, pigmented lymphadenopathy secondary to decorative tattooing","volume":"31","author":"Balasubramanian I","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balasubramanian I, Burke JP, Condon E. Painful, pigmented lymphadenopathy secondary to decorative tattooing. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(6):1001.e1\u20132."},{"issue":"6","key":"B24","series-title":"Cutis","first-page":"471","article-title":"A tattoo and localized lymphadenopathy: a case report","volume":"67","author":"Zirkin HJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zirkin HJ, Avinoach I, Edelwitz P. A tattoo and localized lymphadenopathy: a case report. Cutis. 2001;67(6):471\u20132."},{"issue":"5","key":"B25","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"959","article-title":"Pigmented lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo ink: a potential masquerader","volume":"157","author":"Cabalag MS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cabalag MS, Christie M, Miller JA. Pigmented lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo ink: a potential masquerader. Surgery. 2015;157(5):959\u201360."},{"issue":"1","key":"B26","series-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm","first-page":"123","article-title":"A case of persistent macular edema and a disappearing tattoo","volume":"32","author":"Khan F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan F, Conrady CD. A case of persistent macular edema and a disappearing tattoo. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2024;32(1):123\u20136."},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","article-title":"Eyebrow tattoo-associated sarcoidosis: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Nie S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nie S, Li K, Gao C, Yin N, Chen Z, Wu Z. Eyebrow tattoo-associated sarcoidosis: a case report. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:1009135."},{"issue":"6","key":"B28","series-title":"Clin Nucl Med","first-page":"454","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis in lower-back tattoo with increased uptake of 18F-FDG","volume":"43","author":"Grosse J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grosse J, Menhart K, Schmidbauer B, Hellwig D. Cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis in lower-back tattoo with increased uptake of 18F-FDG. Clin Nucl Med. 2018;43(6):454\u20135."},{"issue":"2","key":"B29","series-title":"J Postgrad Med","first-page":"132","article-title":"Looking beyond the cosmetic tattoo lesion near the eyebrow: screening the lungs","volume":"63","author":"Naeini FF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naeini FF, Pourazizi M, Abtahi-Naeini B, Saffaei A, Bagheri F. Looking beyond the cosmetic tattoo lesion near the eyebrow: screening the lungs. J Postgrad Med. 2017;63(2):132\u20134."},{"issue":"11","key":"B30","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"830","article-title":"Tattoo pigment-induced granulomatous lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma","volume":"167","author":"Othman J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Othman J, Robbins E, Lau EM, Mak C, Bryant C. Tattoo pigment-induced granulomatous lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(11):830\u20131."},{"issue":"8","key":"B31","series-title":"Intern Emerg Med","first-page":"2363","article-title":"Generalized lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma caused by tattoo pigment in a cosmetic worker","volume":"19","author":"Guzel Dirim M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guzel Dirim M, Altay AY, Yegen G, Senkal N. Generalized lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma caused by tattoo pigment in a cosmetic worker. Intern Emerg Med. 2024;19(8):2363\u20134."},{"issue":"5","key":"B32","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"504","article-title":"Glasgow rangers lymphadenopathy","volume":"152","author":"Leach M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leach M, Jackson R, Fitzsimons EJ. Glasgow rangers lymphadenopathy. Br J Haematol. 2011;152(5):504."},{"issue":"6","key":"B33","series-title":"Eur J Dermatol","first-page":"654","article-title":"An unusual case of tattoo pigments and systemic lymphadenopathy","volume":"19","author":"Hennedige A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hennedige A, Joseph L, Zeiton A. An unusual case of tattoo pigments and systemic lymphadenopathy. Eur J Dermatol. 2009;19(6):654\u20135."},{"issue":"4","key":"B34","series-title":"Ochsner J","first-page":"551","article-title":"Sarcoid uveitis: a look beyond the eyes","volume":"16","author":"Lemor D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lemor D, Lazar DB, Emory WB, Nussdorf JD. Sarcoid uveitis: a look beyond the eyes. Ochsner J. 2016;16(4):551\u2013553."},{"issue":"1","key":"B35","series-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd","article-title":"[A woman with skin lesions in a tattoo]","volume":"156","author":"Wijtvliet SL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wijtvliet SL, Chin ALRA. [A woman with skin lesions in a tattoo]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2012;156(1):A3931."},{"issue":"12","key":"B36","series-title":"Dermatol Online J","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ulcerative sarcoidosis","volume":"18","author":"Hunt RD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hunt RD, Gonzalez ME, Robinson M, Meehan SA, Franks AG Jr. Ulcerative sarcoidosis. Dermatol Online J. 2012;18(12):29."},{"issue":"12","key":"B37","series-title":"Clin Case Rep","article-title":"Unmasking sarcoidosis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Mohaghegh F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohaghegh F, Hatami P, Refaghat A, Matini AH, Mohseni Afshar Z, Aryanian Z. Unmasking sarcoidosis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report. Clin Case Rep. 2022;10(12):e6660."},{"key":"B38","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-216217","article-title":"Systemic sarcoidosis first manifesting in a tattoo in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibition","volume":"2016","author":"Kim C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim C, Gao J, Shannon VR, Siefker-Radtke A. Systemic sarcoidosis first manifesting in a tattoo in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibition. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016:bcr2016216217. 10.1136\/bcr-2016-216217https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-216217"},{"issue":"3","key":"B39","series-title":"Union Med Can","first-page":"247","article-title":"[The cause of that bizarre lymphadenopathy? \u2026 it could be found in the newspaper the following day]","volume":"114","author":"Gareau R","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gareau R. [The cause of that bizarre lymphadenopathy? \u2026 it could be found in the newspaper the following day]. Union Med Can. 1985;114(3):247\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"B40","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal","volume":"215","author":"Baranska A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baranska A, Shawket A, Jouve M, Baratin M, Malosse C, Voluzan O, et al. Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal. J Exp Med. 2018;215(4):1115\u201333."},{"issue":"7","key":"B41","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"760","article-title":"Complications and local recurrence following lymphadenectomy","volume":"77","author":"Shaw JH","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shaw JH, Rumball EM. Complications and local recurrence following lymphadenectomy. Br J Surg. 1990;77(7):760\u20134."},{"issue":"12","key":"B1","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"e484","article-title":"The prevalence of tattooing and motivations in five major countries over the world","volume":"33","author":"Kluger N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kluger N, Seit\u00e9 S, Taieb C. The prevalence of tattooing and motivations in five major countries over the world. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(12):e484\u20136."},{"issue":"17","key":"B2","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","article-title":"When body art goes awry-severe systemic allergic reaction to red ink tattoo requiring surgical treatment","volume":"19","author":"Szulia A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Szulia A, Antoszewski B, Zawadzki T, Kasielska-Trojan A. When body art goes awry-severe systemic allergic reaction to red ink tattoo requiring surgical treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):10741."},{"issue":"8","key":"B3","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"e283","article-title":"Delayed presentation of tattoo lymphadenopathy mimicking malignant melanoma lymphadenopathy","volume":"62","author":"Bordea C","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bordea C, Latifaj B, Jaffe W. Delayed presentation of tattoo lymphadenopathy mimicking malignant melanoma lymphadenopathy. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009;62(8):e283\u20135."},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","series-title":"Cureus","article-title":"Cutaneous tattoo ink as a mimicker of endometriosis-like lesions on diagnostic laparoscopy","volume":"16","author":"Tannous AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tannous AM, Bastow BD. Cutaneous tattoo ink as a mimicker of endometriosis-like lesions on diagnostic laparoscopy. Cureus. 2024;16(4):e59212."},{"issue":"3","key":"B5","series-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol","first-page":"709","article-title":"Systemic sarcoidosis presenting as facial palsy, granulomatous tattoo reaction and sarcoidal scar","volume":"65","author":"Yang Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang Y, Ning J, Zhang R. Systemic sarcoidosis presenting as facial palsy, granulomatous tattoo reaction and sarcoidal scar. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2022;65(3):709\u201312."},{"issue":"4","key":"B6","series-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita","first-page":"301","article-title":"Worldwide prevalence of tattoos with a focus on younger age groups: a literature review","volume":"61","author":"Palese F","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palese F, Valent F. Worldwide prevalence of tattoos with a focus on younger age groups: a literature review. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2025;61(4):301\u201314."},{"issue":"20","key":"B7","series-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd","first-page":"1113","article-title":"[Abnormalities in tattooed skin: sometimes sarcoidosis]","volume":"149","author":"De Geus HR","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Geus HR, Giard RW, Jacobs FA, Lonnee ER, Dees A. [Abnormalities in tattooed skin: sometimes sarcoidosis]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2005;149(20):1113\u20137."},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Tanaffos","first-page":"80","article-title":"Adalimumab-responsive refractory sarcoidosis following multiple eyebrow tattoos: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Mirzaei A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirzaei A, Joharimoghadam MM, Zabihiyeganeh M. Adalimumab-responsive refractory sarcoidosis following multiple eyebrow tattoos: a case report. Tanaffos. 2017;16(1):80\u201383."},{"issue":"5","key":"B9","series-title":"Diagn Cytopathol","first-page":"258","article-title":"Fine-needle aspiration cytology in lesions related to ornamental body procedures (skin tattooing, intraoral piercing) and recreational use of drugs (intranasal route)","volume":"28","author":"Zaharopoulos P","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zaharopoulos P. Fine-needle aspiration cytology in lesions related to ornamental body procedures (skin tattooing, intraoral piercing) and recreational use of drugs (intranasal route). Diagn Cytopathol. 2003;28(5):258\u201363."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","article-title":"Case report: tattoo sarcoidosis with epithelioid cell granuloma positive for Propionibacterium acnes","volume":"12","author":"Masuda Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Masuda Y, Okabayashi H, Akaike K, Hamada S, Masunaga A, Ichiyasu H, et al. Case report: tattoo sarcoidosis with epithelioid cell granuloma positive for Propionibacterium acnes. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025;12:1552114."},{"issue":"11","key":"B11","series-title":"Am Fam Physician","first-page":"896","article-title":"Unexplained lymphadenopathy: evaluation and differential diagnosis","volume":"94","author":"Gaddey HL","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gaddey HL, Riegel AM. Unexplained lymphadenopathy: evaluation and differential diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2016;94(11):896\u2013903."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Lymphadenopathy, in StatPearls. 2025","author":"Freeman AM","unstructured":"Freeman AM, Matto P. Lymphadenopathy, in StatPearls. 2025, StatPearls Publishing Copyright \u00a9 2025, StatPearls Publishing LLC: Treasure Island (FL)."},{"issue":"1","key":"B13","series-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers","first-page":"45","article-title":"Sarcoidosis","volume":"5","author":"Grunewald J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grunewald J, Grutters JC, Arkema EV, Saketkoo LA, Moller DR, M\u00fcller-Quernheim J. Sarcoidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):45."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Int Semin Surg Oncol","first-page":"28","article-title":"Tattoo pigment in an axillary lymph node simulating metastatic malignant melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Jack CM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jack CM, Adwani A, Krishnan H. Tattoo pigment in an axillary lymph node simulating metastatic malignant melanoma. Int Semin Surg Oncol. 2005;2:28."},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","series-title":"Jaapa","first-page":"29","article-title":"Lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo ink in a patient with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"35","author":"Melnick N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melnick N, Pierce B. Lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo ink in a patient with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma. Jaapa. 2022l;35(1):29\u201332."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"B16","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"442","article-title":"Tattoo pigment lymphadenopathy mimicking metastasis in vulvar cancer","volume":"120","author":"Beavis A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beavis A, Amneus M, Aoyama C, Holschneider CH. Tattoo pigment lymphadenopathy mimicking metastasis in vulvar cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(2 Pt 2):442\u20134."},{"issue":"7","key":"B17","series-title":"Int J Surg Pathol","first-page":"773","article-title":"Distribution of tattoo pigment in lymph nodes dissected for gynecological malignancy","volume":"27","author":"Tamura D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tamura D, Maeda D, Terada Y, Goto A. Distribution of tattoo pigment in lymph nodes dissected for gynecological malignancy. Int J Surg Pathol. 2019;27(7):773\u20137."},{"issue":"4","key":"B18","series-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil","first-page":"526","article-title":"Brachial plexus lesion induced by tattoo-related lymphadenopathy","volume":"41","author":"Bruno M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bruno M, Bruno JM, Amadei F, Passeri A, Basile G. Brachial plexus lesion induced by tattoo-related lymphadenopathy. Hand Surg Rehabil. 2022;41(4):526\u2013527."},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","series-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat","first-page":"47","article-title":"Tattoo pigment within regional lymph nodes mimicking cutaneous melanoma metastasis","volume":"28","author":"Dujmovi\u0107 A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dujmovi\u0107 A, Juri\u0161i\u0107 N, Mance M, Buli\u0107 K, Vrbanovi\u0107 Mijatovi\u0107 V, Mijatovi\u0107 D. Tattoo pigment within regional lymph nodes mimicking cutaneous melanoma metastasis. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2020;28(1):47\u20138."},{"issue":"6","key":"B20","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","article-title":"Elusive diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in a young woman","volume":"12","author":"Pe\u00f1a Arce C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a Arce C, Vazquez-Gomez O, Garc\u00eda Carretero R, Diego Hernandez C. Elusive diagnosis of lymphadenopathy in a young woman. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(6):e230909."},{"issue":"11","key":"B21","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Axillary lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo pigment and silicone migration","volume":"61","author":"Tehrani H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tehrani H, Lamberty BG. Axillary lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo pigment and silicone migration. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2008;61(11):1381."},{"issue":"4","key":"B22","series-title":"Lasers Surg Med","first-page":"231","article-title":"Transient immunoreactivity after laser tattoo removal: report of two cases","volume":"40","author":"Izikson L","year":"2008","unstructured":"Izikson L, Avram M, Anderson RR. Transient immunoreactivity after laser tattoo removal: report of two cases. Lasers Surg Med. 2008;40(4):231\u20132."},{"issue":"6","key":"B23","series-title":"Am J Emerg Med","first-page":"1001.e1","article-title":"Painful, pigmented lymphadenopathy secondary to decorative tattooing","volume":"31","author":"Balasubramanian I","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balasubramanian I, Burke JP, Condon E. Painful, pigmented lymphadenopathy secondary to decorative tattooing. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(6):1001.e1\u20132."},{"issue":"6","key":"B24","series-title":"Cutis","first-page":"471","article-title":"A tattoo and localized lymphadenopathy: a case report","volume":"67","author":"Zirkin HJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zirkin HJ, Avinoach I, Edelwitz P. A tattoo and localized lymphadenopathy: a case report. Cutis. 2001;67(6):471\u20132."},{"issue":"5","key":"B25","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"959","article-title":"Pigmented lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo ink: a potential masquerader","volume":"157","author":"Cabalag MS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cabalag MS, Christie M, Miller JA. Pigmented lymphadenopathy secondary to tattoo ink: a potential masquerader. Surgery. 2015;157(5):959\u201360."},{"issue":"1","key":"B26","series-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm","first-page":"123","article-title":"A case of persistent macular edema and a disappearing tattoo","volume":"32","author":"Khan F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan F, Conrady CD. A case of persistent macular edema and a disappearing tattoo. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2024;32(1):123\u20136."},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","article-title":"Eyebrow tattoo-associated sarcoidosis: a case report","volume":"9","author":"Nie S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nie S, Li K, Gao C, Yin N, Chen Z, Wu Z. Eyebrow tattoo-associated sarcoidosis: a case report. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:1009135."},{"issue":"6","key":"B28","series-title":"Clin Nucl Med","first-page":"454","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis in lower-back tattoo with increased uptake of 18F-FDG","volume":"43","author":"Grosse J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grosse J, Menhart K, Schmidbauer B, Hellwig D. Cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis in lower-back tattoo with increased uptake of 18F-FDG. Clin Nucl Med. 2018;43(6):454\u20135."},{"issue":"2","key":"B29","series-title":"J Postgrad Med","first-page":"132","article-title":"Looking beyond the cosmetic tattoo lesion near the eyebrow: screening the lungs","volume":"63","author":"Naeini FF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naeini FF, Pourazizi M, Abtahi-Naeini B, Saffaei A, Bagheri F. Looking beyond the cosmetic tattoo lesion near the eyebrow: screening the lungs. J Postgrad Med. 2017;63(2):132\u20134."},{"issue":"11","key":"B30","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"830","article-title":"Tattoo pigment-induced granulomatous lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma","volume":"167","author":"Othman J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Othman J, Robbins E, Lau EM, Mak C, Bryant C. Tattoo pigment-induced granulomatous lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(11):830\u20131."},{"issue":"8","key":"B31","series-title":"Intern Emerg Med","first-page":"2363","article-title":"Generalized lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma caused by tattoo pigment in a cosmetic worker","volume":"19","author":"Guzel Dirim M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guzel Dirim M, Altay AY, Yegen G, Senkal N. Generalized lymphadenopathy mimicking lymphoma caused by tattoo pigment in a cosmetic worker. Intern Emerg Med. 2024;19(8):2363\u20134."},{"issue":"5","key":"B32","series-title":"Br J Haematol","first-page":"504","article-title":"Glasgow rangers lymphadenopathy","volume":"152","author":"Leach M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leach M, Jackson R, Fitzsimons EJ. Glasgow rangers lymphadenopathy. Br J Haematol. 2011;152(5):504."},{"issue":"6","key":"B33","series-title":"Eur J Dermatol","first-page":"654","article-title":"An unusual case of tattoo pigments and systemic lymphadenopathy","volume":"19","author":"Hennedige A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hennedige A, Joseph L, Zeiton A. An unusual case of tattoo pigments and systemic lymphadenopathy. Eur J Dermatol. 2009;19(6):654\u20135."},{"issue":"4","key":"B34","series-title":"Ochsner J","first-page":"551","article-title":"Sarcoid uveitis: a look beyond the eyes","volume":"16","author":"Lemor D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lemor D, Lazar DB, Emory WB, Nussdorf JD. Sarcoid uveitis: a look beyond the eyes. Ochsner J. 2016;16(4):551\u2013553."},{"issue":"1","key":"B35","series-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd","article-title":"[A woman with skin lesions in a tattoo]","volume":"156","author":"Wijtvliet SL","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wijtvliet SL, Chin ALRA. [A woman with skin lesions in a tattoo]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2012;156(1):A3931."},{"issue":"12","key":"B36","series-title":"Dermatol Online J","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ulcerative sarcoidosis","volume":"18","author":"Hunt RD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hunt RD, Gonzalez ME, Robinson M, Meehan SA, Franks AG Jr. Ulcerative sarcoidosis. Dermatol Online J. 2012;18(12):29."},{"issue":"12","key":"B37","series-title":"Clin Case Rep","article-title":"Unmasking sarcoidosis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Mohaghegh F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohaghegh F, Hatami P, Refaghat A, Matini AH, Mohseni Afshar Z, Aryanian Z. Unmasking sarcoidosis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a case report. Clin Case Rep. 2022;10(12):e6660."},{"key":"B38","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-216217","article-title":"Systemic sarcoidosis first manifesting in a tattoo in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibition","volume":"2016","author":"Kim C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim C, Gao J, Shannon VR, Siefker-Radtke A. Systemic sarcoidosis first manifesting in a tattoo in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibition. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016:bcr2016216217. 10.1136\/bcr-2016-216217https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2016-216217"},{"issue":"3","key":"B39","series-title":"Union Med Can","first-page":"247","article-title":"[The cause of that bizarre lymphadenopathy? \u2026 it could be found in the newspaper the following day]","volume":"114","author":"Gareau R","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gareau R. [The cause of that bizarre lymphadenopathy? \u2026 it could be found in the newspaper the following day]. Union Med Can. 1985;114(3):247\u20138."},{"issue":"4","key":"B40","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal","volume":"215","author":"Baranska A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baranska A, Shawket A, Jouve M, Baratin M, Malosse C, Voluzan O, et al. Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal. J Exp Med. 2018;215(4):1115\u201333."},{"issue":"7","key":"B41","series-title":"Br J Surg","first-page":"760","article-title":"Complications and local recurrence following lymphadenectomy","volume":"77","author":"Shaw JH","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shaw JH, Rumball EM. Complications and local recurrence following lymphadenectomy. Br J Surg. 1990;77(7):760\u20134."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/1886\/16\/1\/article-p59.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/1886\/16\/1\/article-p59.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/1886\/16\/1\/article-p59.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:16:10Z","timestamp":1773926170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/1886\/16\/1\/article-p59.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/1886.2026.00009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-509X","2062-8633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-509X","type":"print"},{"value":"2062-8633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]}}}