{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:54:48Z","timestamp":1778936088533,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>Money plays a central role in gambling, and understanding the different attitudes of gamblers towards it might benefit both prevention and treatment of gambling-related problems. This study describes the development of a new German measure of attitudes to money and the differences in these attitudes between male non-gamblers, occasional, frequent and problem gamblers. Furthermore, it investigates the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between attitudes towards money and the severity of gambling disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>An online study was conducted among 2,584 men aged 18\u201325 years, recruited via the Munich citizen registry. Additionally, a sample ofn<\/jats:italic>= 105 Facebook users was included in part of the analyses. Frequent and problem gamblers were invited to a 12-month follow-up. Apart from gambling participation and related problems, the questionnaire included items from existing scales measuring attitudes to money.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Three factors underlying a new 12-item German Scale of Money Attitudes (SMAG) were identified:success<\/jats:italic>,budgeting<\/jats:italic>andevil<\/jats:italic>. Compared with other groups, participants reporting any gambling problems scored highest insuccess<\/jats:italic>and lowest inbudgeting<\/jats:italic>.Budgeting<\/jats:italic>was associated with gambling-related problems in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses and strengthened the relationship between associating money with success and gambling disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Discussion<\/jats:title>For problem gamblers, money is important as a personal symbol of success. This attitude has an especially negative effect on gambling-related problems in individuals who handle money irresponsibly. Spending and winning money might play an important role in maintaining self-esteem among gamblers and thus hinder their attempts to quit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T19:49:27Z","timestamp":1595620167000},"page":"744-755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Gamblers' attitudes towards money and their relationship to gambling disorder among young men"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pawel","family":"Sleczka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1German University of Health and Sport, Ismaning, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Braun-Michl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2IFT Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2IFT Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"3Department of Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"4Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011911","article-title":"Attitudes and attitude change","volume":"69","author":"Albarracin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1108\/07363760910940483","article-title":"Examining the trait and functional motive antecedents of four gambling activities: Slot machines, skilled card games, sports betting, and promotional games","volume":"26","author":"Fang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Consumer Marketing"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17433\/978-3-17-025722-1","volume-title":"Differentielle Psychologie und Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsforschung","author":"Stemmler","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref461","volume-title":"Gambling-two sides of the same coin: Recreational activity and public health problem","volume":"2","author":"B\u00fchringer","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009493200768","article-title":"Adolescents with Gambling Problems: From Research to Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1323802","article-title":"Ambulante Suchthilfe f\u00fcr pathologische Gl\u00fccksspieler in Bayern: Passung zwischen Behandlungsbedarf und -angebot","volume":"14","author":"Braun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Suchttherapie"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9789-4","article-title":"Doing it for the money: The relationship between gambling and money attitudes among college students","volume":"35","author":"Lostutter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.2307\/259143","article-title":"The meaning of money: An individual-difference perspective","volume":"24","author":"Mitchell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"ref141","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"Hayes","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.2307\/259143","article-title":"The meaning of money: An individual-difference perspective","volume":"24","author":"Mitchell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"ref531","volume-title":"Money madness: The psychology of saving, spending, loving, and hating money","author":"Goldberg","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem and pathological gambling: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys","volume":"106","author":"Lorains","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref11","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5)","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.1.98","article-title":"What is coefficient alpha? 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