{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:33:51Z","timestamp":1791520431372,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous studies have shown that people who have Internet addiction (IA) are more likely to experience poor sleep quality than people who do not. However, few studies have explored mechanisms underlying the relation between IA and poor sleep quality. As a first attempt to address this knowledge gap, a cross-sectional design was applied, and structural equation modeling was used to explore the direct relationship between IA and poor sleep quality, as well as the potential mediating roles of rumination and bedtime procrastination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A convenience sample, consisting of 1,104 Chinese University students (696 females or 63%), completed an online survey that included the following measures: Young\u2019s 8-item Internet Addiction Diagnosis Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Bedtime Procrastination Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      While the direct path between IA and poor sleep quality was not found to be significant, rumination and bedtime procrastination were each shown to separately mediate the predictive effect of IA on poor sleep quality. However, the greatest level of support was found for the\n                      <jats:italic>sequential<\/jats:italic>\n                      mediating effects of rumination and bedtime procrastination between IA and poor sleep quality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While rumination and bedtime procrastination were both shown to be important independent mediators for the relation between IA and poor sleep quality, their combined effect was as great as either alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T13:25:36Z","timestamp":1612272336000},"page":"1002-1010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Mediating effects of rumination and bedtime procrastination on the relationship between Internet addiction and poor sleep quality"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"You","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Social Work, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Social Work, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Psychology, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1289-9407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Social Work, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6625-479X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frank","family":"Andrasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref361","first-page":"192","article-title":"Meta-analysis of Internet addiction scales\u2019 reliability and validity","volume":"19","author":"Kuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000237","article-title":"Disentangling stereotypes from social reality: Astrological stereotypes and discrimination in China","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref441","first-page":"237","article-title":"A case-control study of cognitive function of internet addicts","author":"Luo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"ref1331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022116668409","article-title":"Making similarity versus difference comparison affects perceptions after bicultural exposure and consumer reactions to culturally mixed products","volume":"47","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"ref881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfn065","article-title":"Computing response metrics for online panels","volume":"72","author":"Callegaro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Opinion Quarterly"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfu058","article-title":"Exploring the effects of removing \u201cToo Fast\u201d responses and respondents from Web surveys","volume":"79","author":"Greszki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Opinion Quarterly"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.10.005","article-title":"Adolescent internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, change, and correlates","volume":"29","author":"Shek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12287","article-title":"The effect of Internet addiction on sleep quality in adolescents","volume":"33","author":"\u00c7elebio\u011flu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing"},{"key":"ref1521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2020.1756831","article-title":"Problematic internet use and subjective sleep quality among college students in China: Results from a pilot study","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2018.1489048","article-title":"Self-control depletion and sleep duration: The mediating role of television viewing","volume":"33","author":"Exelmans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0814-1","article-title":"Univariate and multivariate skewness and kurtosis for measuring nonnormality: Prevalence, influence and estimation","volume":"49","author":"Cain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"193","article-title":"A study on the relationship between undergraduate\u2019s Internet addiction disorder, online game experience, online time and sleep quality","volume":"1","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Sleep Medicine (China)"},{"key":"ref701","first-page":"805","article-title":"Self-regulation and its failure: The seven deadly threats to self-regulation","volume-title":"APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Volume 1: Attitudes and social cognition","author":"Wagner","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref971","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.09.002","article-title":"Impulse inhibition in people with Internet addiction disorder: Electrophysiological evidence from a Go\/NoGo study","volume":"485","author":"Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"ref811","first-page":"99","article-title":"A study on the Internet Dependence of college students: The revising and applying of a measurement","volume":"21","author":"Bai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Development and Education (China)"},{"key":"ref1421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2006.22527462","article-title":"Integrating theories of motivation","volume":"31","author":"Steel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294117720695","article-title":"Procrastination as a self-regulation failure: The role of impulsivity and intrusive thoughts","volume":"121","author":"Rebetez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"ref331","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref1351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294117720695","article-title":"Procrastination as a self-regulation failure: The role of impulsivity and intrusive thoughts","volume":"121","author":"Rebetez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-018-0983-3","article-title":"Self-compassion and bedtime procrastination: An emotion regulation perspective","volume":"10","author":"Sirois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref1431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2307\/248922","article-title":"Validating instruments in MIS research","volume":"13","author":"Straub","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"ref1491","first-page":"805","article-title":"Self-regulation and its failure: The seven deadly threats to self-regulation","volume-title":"APA handbook of personality and social psychology, Volume 1: Attitudes and social cognition","author":"Wagner","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref161","first-page":"501","article-title":"A review on the influence of the Internet on the psychological development of adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Cui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Science (China)"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(08)70002-9","article-title":"Understanding insomnia through cognitive modelling","volume":"8","author":"Espie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8093528","article-title":"Online social networking and addiction-a review of the psychological literature","volume":"8","author":"Kuss","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"ref1411","first-page":"297","article-title":"Trait procrastinators and behavior\/trait-specific cognitions","volume":"15","author":"Stainton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Social Behavior and Personality"},{"key":"ref1151","first-page":"192","article-title":"Meta-analysis of Internet addiction scales\u2019 reliability and validity","volume":"19","author":"Kuang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.06.004","article-title":"Internet addiction and sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Alimoradi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"key":"ref1181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0444-1","article-title":"Internet gaming addiction, problematic use of the internet, and sleep problems: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"ref1511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0214769","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214769","article-title":"Relationship of sleep quality, smartphone dependence, and health-related behaviors in female junior college students","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-77","article-title":"Problematic internet usage in US college students: A pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Christakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"ref761","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161126","article-title":"Internet addiction and relationships with insomnia, anxiety, depression, stress and self-esteem in university students: A cross-sectional designed study","volume":"11","author":"Younes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.06.004","article-title":"Internet addiction and sleep problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Alimoradi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine Reviews"},{"key":"ref1141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105314540014","article-title":"Bedtime procrastination: A self-regulation perspective on sleep insufficiency in the general population","volume":"21","author":"Kroese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Health Psychology"},{"key":"ref1551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161126","article-title":"Internet addiction and relationships with insomnia, anxiety, depression, stress and self-esteem in university students: A cross-sectional designed study","volume":"11","author":"Younes","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-77","article-title":"Problematic internet usage in US college students: A pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Christakis","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0396-6","article-title":"Sleep disorders among undergraduate students in Southern Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Falavigna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep and Breathing"},{"key":"ref1571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2017.03.025","article-title":"Internet addiction and sleep quality among Vietnamese youths","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-019-00219-y","article-title":"Association between internet addiction and sleep quality among students: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh","volume":"17","author":"Jahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep and Biological Rhythms"},{"key":"ref1081","first-page":"550","article-title":"Chinese version of Nolen-Hoeksema ruminative responses scale (RRS) used in 912 college students: Reliability and validity","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2011.00913.x","article-title":"The relationship between media use in the bedroom, sleep habits and symptoms of insomnia","volume":"20","author":"Brunborg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(08)70002-9","article-title":"Understanding insomnia through cognitive modelling","volume":"8","author":"Espie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"ref1051","first-page":"1","article-title":"Procrastination, affective state, rumination, and sleep quality: Investigating reciprocal effects with ambulatory assessment","author":"Gort","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref1101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22264","article-title":"Cognitive processes and emotion regulation in depression","volume":"31","author":"Joormann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"ref861","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.02.006","article-title":"Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review","volume":"11","author":"Cain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"ref1031","first-page":"193","article-title":"A study on the relationship between undergraduate\u2019s Internet addiction disorder, online game experience, online time and sleep quality","volume":"1","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"World Journal of Sleep Medicine (China)"},{"key":"ref1131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00611","article-title":"Bedtime procrastination: Introducing a new area of procrastination","volume":"5","author":"Kroese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref801","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.2.2013.003","article-title":"The relationships between behavioral addictions and the five-factor model of personality","volume":"2","author":"Andreassen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref1381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18582-8_3","article-title":"Perfectionism and health behaviors: A self-regulation resource perspective","volume-title":"Perfectionism, health, and well-being","author":"Sirois","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2020.1756831","article-title":"Problematic internet use and subjective sleep quality among college students in China: Results from a pilot study","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"key":"ref1471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"ref1281","first-page":"1","article-title":"Where does internet time come from? A reconnaissance","volume":"1","author":"Nie","year":"2002","journal-title":"IT & Society"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-016-0235-1","article-title":"Procrastination and depression from a cognitive perspective: An exploration of the associations among procrastinatory automatic thoughts, rumination, and mindfulness","volume":"34","author":"Flett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-9825-7","article-title":"Insufficient sleep among adolescents: The role of bedtime procrastination, chronotype and autonomous vs. controlled motivational regulations","volume":"39","author":"Kadzikowska-Wrzosek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.037","article-title":"Bedtime mobile phone use and sleep in adults","volume":"148","author":"Exelmans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"ref951","first-page":"501","article-title":"A review on the influence of the Internet on the psychological development of adolescents","volume":"26","author":"Cui","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychological Science (China)"},{"key":"ref1391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-018-0983-3","article-title":"Self-compassion and bedtime procrastination: An emotion regulation perspective","volume":"10","author":"Sirois","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref1191","first-page":"103","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1042.2015.01216","article-title":"The model of procrastination on time orientation","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22264","article-title":"Cognitive processes and emotion regulation in depression","volume":"31","author":"Joormann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depression and Anxiety"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105314540014","article-title":"Bedtime procrastination: A self-regulation perspective on sleep insufficiency in the general population","volume":"21","author":"Kroese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Health Psychology"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.02.006","article-title":"Electronic media use and sleep in school-aged children and adolescents: A review","volume":"11","author":"Cain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"ref1561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","article-title":"Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"CyberPsychology & Behavior"},{"key":"ref1321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.05.017","article-title":"Excessive Internet gaming and decision making: Do excessive World of Warcraft players have problems in decision making under risky conditions?","volume":"188","author":"Pawlikowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"ref1021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0396-6","article-title":"Sleep disorders among undergraduate students in Southern Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Falavigna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep and Breathing"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.042","article-title":"Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"ref1001","article-title":"\u201cGlued to the Tube\u201d: The interplay between self-control, evening television viewing, and bedtime procrastination","author":"Exelmans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.09.002","article-title":"Impulse inhibition in people with Internet addiction disorder: Electrophysiological evidence from a Go\/NoGo study","volume":"485","author":"Dong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022116668409","article-title":"Making similarity versus difference comparison affects perceptions after bicultural exposure and consumer reactions to culturally mixed products","volume":"47","author":"Peng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18582-8_3","article-title":"Perfectionism and health behaviors: A self-regulation resource perspective","volume-title":"Perfectionism, health, and well-being","author":"Sirois","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0444-1","article-title":"Internet gaming addiction, problematic use of the internet, and sleep problems: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"key":"ref1461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1618545","article-title":"Indirect effects in sequential mediation models: Evaluating methods for hypothesis testing and confidence interval formation","volume":"55","author":"Tofighi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes","volume":"100","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"ref781","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2017.03.025","article-title":"Internet addiction and sleep quality among Vietnamese youths","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1121","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(00)00041-8","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2011.00913.x","article-title":"The relationship between media use in the bedroom, sleep habits and symptoms of insomnia","volume":"20","author":"Brunborg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.037","article-title":"Bedtime mobile phone use and sleep in adults","volume":"148","author":"Exelmans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"ref1441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2007.00276.x","article-title":"Using electronic media before sleep can curtail sleep time and result in self-perceived insufficient sleep","volume":"5","author":"Suganuma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep and Biological Rhythms"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00611","article-title":"Bedtime procrastination: Introducing a new area of procrastination","volume":"5","author":"Kroese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref1481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764019827985","article-title":"Predictors of problematic Internet use in school going adolescents of Bhavnagar, India","volume":"65","author":"Vadher","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90004-X","article-title":"The phenomenology of the pre-sleep state: The development of the pre-sleep arousal scale","volume":"23","author":"Nicassio","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"ref1111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-9825-7","article-title":"Insufficient sleep among adolescents: The role of bedtime procrastination, chronotype and autonomous vs. controlled motivational regulations","volume":"39","author":"Kadzikowska-Wrzosek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"ref751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2015.8.1.21","article-title":"Pre-sleep arousal as a mediator of relationships among worry, rumination, and sleep quality","volume":"8","author":"Yeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Therapy"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02989","article-title":"Bootstrap model-based constrained optimization tests of indirect effects","volume":"10","author":"Tofighi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref1271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90004-X","article-title":"The phenomenology of the pre-sleep state: The development of the pre-sleep arousal scale","volume":"23","author":"Nicassio","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"ref291","first-page":"550","article-title":"Chinese version of Nolen-Hoeksema ruminative responses scale (RRS) used in 912 college students: Reliability and validity","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref1451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02989","article-title":"Bootstrap model-based constrained optimization tests of indirect effects","volume":"10","author":"Tofighi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref851","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.04.028","article-title":"The impact of rumination on sleep quality following a stressful life event","volume":"42","author":"Guastella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref1371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.11.003","article-title":"\u201cI\u2019ll look after my health, later\u201d: A replication and extension of the procrastination\u2013health model with community-dwelling adults","volume":"43","author":"Sirois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.2.2013.003","article-title":"The relationships between behavioral addictions and the five-factor model of personality","volume":"2","author":"Andreassen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2007.00276.x","article-title":"Using electronic media before sleep can curtail sleep time and result in self-perceived insufficient sleep","volume":"5","author":"Suganuma","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep and Biological Rhythms"},{"key":"ref1291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.06.012","article-title":"Cue-induced craving for Internet among Internet addicts","volume":"62","author":"Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0214769","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214769","article-title":"Relationship of sleep quality, smartphone dependence, and health-related behaviors in female junior college students","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.05.017","article-title":"Excessive Internet gaming and decision making: Do excessive World of Warcraft players have problems in decision making under risky conditions?","volume":"188","author":"Pawlikowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"ref1221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000237","article-title":"Disentangling stereotypes from social reality: Astrological stereotypes and discrimination in China","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref461","first-page":"918","article-title":"Inhibition deficits for emotional words in high ruminators","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.12.016","article-title":"Adolescent Internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, psychosocial correlates, and prevention","volume":"64","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"99","article-title":"A study on the Internet Dependence of college students: The revising and applying of a measurement","volume":"21","author":"Bai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychological Development and Education (China)"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.12.016","article-title":"Adolescent Internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, psychosocial correlates, and prevention","volume":"64","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561","article-title":"Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis","volume":"27","author":"Treynor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cognitive Therapy and Research"},{"key":"ref491","first-page":"1","article-title":"Where does internet time come from? A reconnaissance","volume":"1","author":"Nie","year":"2002","journal-title":"IT & Society"},{"key":"ref261","first-page":"1","article-title":"Procrastination, affective state, rumination, and sleep quality: Investigating reciprocal effects with ambulatory assessment","author":"Gort","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref1231","first-page":"237","article-title":"A case-control study of cognitive function of internet addicts","author":"Luo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chinese Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"ref1531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9994","article-title":"Experiences of time loss among videogame players: An empirical study","volume":"10","author":"Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"CyberPsychology & Behavior"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1042.2015.01216","article-title":"The model of procrastination on time orientation","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Psychological Science"},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/jcap.12287","article-title":"The effect of Internet addiction on sleep quality in adolescents","volume":"33","author":"\u00c7elebio\u011flu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2018.1456482","article-title":"Can self-compassion improve sleep quality via reduced rumination?","volume":"17","author":"Butz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Self and Identity"},{"key":"ref1541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1521\/ijct.2015.8.1.21","article-title":"Pre-sleep arousal as a mediator of relationships among worry, rumination, and sleep quality","volume":"8","author":"Yeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Therapy"},{"key":"ref1311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115","article-title":"A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 loma Prieta Earthquake","volume":"61","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref1501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.12677\/AP.2018.88127","article-title":"An overview of the mechanism of social networking addiction and its negative consequences","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Psychology"},{"key":"ref1171","first-page":"90","article-title":"A review of rumination research abroad","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8093528","article-title":"Online social networking and addiction-a review of the psychological literature","volume":"8","author":"Kuss","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2019.1607370","article-title":"The relationships between self-efficacy, self-control, chronotype, procrastination and sleep problems in young adults","volume":"36","author":"Przepi\u00f3rka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-018-9937-1","article-title":"Internet addiction, fatigue, and sleep problems among adolescent students: A large-scale study","volume":"17","author":"Bener","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"ref151","first-page":"15","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and procrastination among students: Rumination plays a larger mediating role than worry","volume":"36","author":"Constantin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref1261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2018.1491850","article-title":"The explanations people give for going to bed late: A qualitative study of the varieties of bedtime procrastination","volume":"17","author":"Nauts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behavioral Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2018.1456482","article-title":"Can self-compassion improve sleep quality via reduced rumination?","volume":"17","author":"Butz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Self and Identity"},{"key":"ref901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12388","article-title":"Sleep problems and internet addiction among children and adolescents: A longitudinal study","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"key":"ref381","first-page":"90","article-title":"A review of rumination research abroad","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"ref1211","first-page":"390","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of self-rating Young\u2019s diagnostic questionnaire of internet addiction: A preliminary study","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence"},{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2018.1489048","article-title":"Self-control depletion and sleep duration: The mediating role of television viewing","volume":"33","author":"Exelmans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.2307\/248922","article-title":"Validating instruments in MIS research","volume":"13","author":"Straub","year":"1989","journal-title":"MIS Quarterly"},{"key":"ref671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1618545","article-title":"Indirect effects in sequential mediation models: Evaluating methods for hypothesis testing and confidence interval formation","volume":"55","author":"Tofighi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"ref1301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.100.4.569","article-title":"Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes","volume":"100","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.12677\/AP.2018.88127","article-title":"An overview of the mechanism of social networking addiction and its negative consequences","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advances in Psychology"},{"key":"ref821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-018-9937-1","article-title":"Internet addiction, fatigue, and sleep problems among adolescent students: A large-scale study","volume":"17","author":"Bener","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"ref621","first-page":"297","article-title":"Trait procrastinators and behavior\/trait-specific cognitions","volume":"15","author":"Stainton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Social Behavior and Personality"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.61.1.115","article-title":"A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 loma Prieta Earthquake","volume":"61","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref1071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.04.028","article-title":"The impact of rumination on sleep quality following a stressful life event","volume":"42","author":"Guastella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.06.012","article-title":"Cue-induced craving for Internet among Internet addicts","volume":"62","author":"Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12388","article-title":"Sleep problems and internet addiction among children and adolescents: A longitudinal study","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Sleep Research"},{"key":"ref211","article-title":"\u201cGlued to the Tube\u201d: The interplay between self-control, evening television viewing, and bedtime procrastination","author":"Exelmans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"key":"ref1341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2019.1607370","article-title":"The relationships between self-efficacy, self-control, chronotype, procrastination and sleep problems in young adults","volume":"36","author":"Przepi\u00f3rka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chronobiology International"},{"key":"ref1251","first-page":"918","article-title":"Inhibition deficits for emotional words in high ruminators","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Mental Health Journal"},{"key":"ref401","first-page":"103","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10942-016-0235-1","article-title":"Procrastination and depression from a cognitive perspective: An exploration of the associations among procrastinatory automatic thoughts, rumination, and mindfulness","volume":"34","author":"Flett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0747-5632(00)00041-8","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/57.3.519","article-title":"Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications","volume":"57","author":"Mardia","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref581","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2006.11.003","article-title":"\u201cI\u2019ll look after my health, later\u201d: A replication and extension of the procrastination\u2013health model with community-dwelling adults","volume":"43","author":"Sirois","year":"2007","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfu058","article-title":"Exploring the effects of removing \u201cToo Fast\u201d responses and respondents from Web surveys","volume":"79","author":"Greszki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Opinion Quarterly"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfn065","article-title":"Computing response metrics for online panels","volume":"72","author":"Callegaro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Public Opinion Quarterly"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00023","article-title":"Comparing generalized and specific problematic smartphone\/internet use: Longitudinal relationships between smartphone application-based addiction and social media addiction and psychological distress","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9994","article-title":"Experiences of time loss among videogame players: An empirical study","volume":"10","author":"Wood","year":"2007","journal-title":"CyberPsychology & Behavior"},{"key":"ref1241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/57.3.519","article-title":"Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications","volume":"57","author":"Mardia","year":"1970","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"ref421","first-page":"390","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of self-rating Young\u2019s diagnostic questionnaire of internet addiction: A preliminary study","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence"},{"key":"ref1201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.042","article-title":"Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00023","article-title":"Comparing generalized and specific problematic smartphone\/internet use: Longitudinal relationships between smartphone application-based addiction and social media addiction and psychological distress","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2018.1491850","article-title":"The explanations people give for going to bed late: A qualitative study of the varieties of bedtime procrastination","volume":"17","author":"Nauts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behavioral Sleep Medicine"},{"key":"ref1091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s41105-019-00219-y","article-title":"Association between internet addiction and sleep quality among students: A cross-sectional study in Bangladesh","volume":"17","author":"Jahan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep and Biological Rhythms"},{"key":"ref1361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.10.005","article-title":"Adolescent internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, change, and correlates","volume":"29","author":"Shek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology"},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0814-1","article-title":"Univariate and multivariate skewness and kurtosis for measuring nonnormality: Prevalence, influence and estimation","volume":"49","author":"Cain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"key":"ref941","first-page":"15","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and procrastination among students: Rumination plays a larger mediating role than worry","volume":"36","author":"Constantin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2006.22527462","article-title":"Integrating theories of motivation","volume":"31","author":"Steel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764019827985","article-title":"Predictors of problematic Internet use in school going adolescents of Bhavnagar, India","volume":"65","author":"Vadher","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref771","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.1998.1.237","article-title":"Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder","volume":"1","author":"Young","year":"1998","journal-title":"CyberPsychology & Behavior"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/9\/4\/article-p1002.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/9\/4\/article-p1002.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T01:20:56Z","timestamp":1637371256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/9\/4\/article-p1002.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"references-count":158,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00104","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]}}}