{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:49:48Z","timestamp":1793144988082,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"French Inter-departmental Mission"},{"name":"French National Institute of Health and Medical Research"},{"name":"French Ministry of Health","award":["PHRC 2009 \u2013 RCB 2008-A01188-47"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHRC 2009 \u2013 RCB 2008-A01188-47"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few studies have been conducted on the long-term evolution of gambling disorder (GD). The aim of this study was to identify factors that could predict GD relapse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were part of a dataset from a large 5-year cohort of gamblers who were assessed at inclusion and each year thereafter. Participants were recruited from an outpatient addiction treatment center, from various gambling places and through the press. For this specific study, inclusion criteria included (i) transitioning from GD to recovery at a follow-up time and (ii) undergoing at least one follow-up visit afterwards. Participants were evaluated using a structured clinical interview and self-report questionnaires assessing sociodemographic, gambling and clinical characteristics. \u201cRelapse\u201d was defined as the presence of GD (according to the DSM-5) at the N+1<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> visit following the absence of GD at the N<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> visit. A Markov model-based approach was employed to examine predictive factors associated with relapse at a subsequent follow-up visit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample consisted of 87 participants, aged 47.6 years (sd = 12.6), who were predominantly male (65%). Among the participants, 49 remained in recovery, whereas 38 relapsed. Participants who reported not having experienced at least one month of abstinence and those with a low level of self-directedness at the previous follow-up visit were more likely to relapse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest the existence of factors that are predictive of relapse in individuals with GD who had previously achieved recovery. These results can inspire the development of measures to promote long-term recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T03:14:15Z","timestamp":1617419655000},"page":"42-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Five-year follow-up on a sample of gamblers: predictive factors of relapse"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-7243","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie","family":"Grall-Bronnec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France"},{"name":"2Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm U1246, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Guillou-Landreat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Addictology, CHU Brest, Brest, France"},{"name":"4Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale, ERCR SPURBO, Brest, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Caillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France"},{"name":"2Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm U1246, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Dubertret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR1266, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Team 1, Paris, France"},{"name":"6Department of Psychiatry, AP-HP, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Romo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 Paris Nanterre, EA 4430 CLIPSYD, Nanterre, France"},{"name":"8CMME, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, INSERM U1266, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ir\u00e8ne","family":"Codina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Marmottan Medical Center, GPS Perray-Vaucluse, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Chereau-Boudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Psychiatry Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Lancon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Centre d'\u00e9tudes et de recherches sur les services de sant\u00e9 et la qualit\u00e9 de vie, Universit\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Auriacombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"13Addiction Team, Sleep Addiction and Neuropsychiatry Laboratory (SANPSY), CNRS USR 3413, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"14P\u00f4le Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Benoit","family":"Hardouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm U1246, Nantes, France"},{"name":"15Methodology and Biostatistic Department, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga\u00eblle","family":"Challet-Bouju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France"},{"name":"2Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm U1246, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000369528","article-title":"Predictors of outcome among pathological gamblers receiving cognitive behavioral group therapy","volume":"21","author":"Jimenez-Murcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00052-5","article-title":"\u2018Chasing\u2019 in gambling behavior: Personality and cognitive determinants","volume":"27","author":"Breen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.04.002","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural interventions to reduce problem gambling: Hedging our bets?","volume":"47","author":"Gooding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.11.008","article-title":"What do we know about relapse in pathological gambling?","volume":"26","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref771","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116952","article-title":"Neurobiology of cue-reactivity, craving, and inhibitory control in non-substance addictive behaviors","volume":"415","author":"Antons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.09.008","article-title":"Prediction of relapse after cognitive-behavioral treatment of gambling disorder in individuals with chronic schizophrenia: A survival analysis","volume":"48","author":"Echeburua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref1341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00087-8","article-title":"A reformulated cognitive-behavioral model of problem gambling. A biopsychosocial perspective","volume":"22","author":"Sharpe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref701","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.08.007","article-title":"Risk factors for pathological gambling","volume":"29","author":"Welte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref91","first-page":"266","article-title":"Influence and change of self-directedness in dialectical behavior therapy","volume":"44","author":"Bernheim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatrische Praxis"},{"key":"ref721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14083","article-title":"The prevalence, incidence, and gender and age-specific incidence of problem gambling: Results of the Swedish longitudinal gambling study (Swelogs)","volume":"113","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref861","volume-title":"Le jeu: Chance ou strat\u00e9gie? Choisir librement la place du jeu dans votre vie","author":"Boutin","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref431","first-page":"151","article-title":"Relapse prevention. An overview of Marlatt\u2019s cognitive-behavioral model","volume":"23","author":"Larimer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Research & Health"},{"key":"ref1381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9461-6","article-title":"Abstinence versus moderation goals in brief motivational treatment for pathological gambling","volume":"31","author":"Stea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref851","first-page":"349","article-title":"A shorter and multidimensional version of the gambling attitudes and beliefs survey (GABS-23)","volume":"30","author":"Bouju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref841","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","article-title":"A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling","volume":"97","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8","article-title":"The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), a short diagnostic structured interview: Reliability and validity according to the CIDI","volume":"12","author":"Lecrubier","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref61","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref1181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.07.006","article-title":"Trait impulsivity and cognitive domains involving impulsivity and compulsivity as predictors of gambling disorder treatment response","volume":"87","author":"Mallorqui-Bague","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref1401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000175071.22872.98","article-title":"Comparison of craving between pathological gamblers and alcoholics","volume":"29","author":"Tavares","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref51","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00008","article-title":"Response trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive behavioral therapy in young-adult pathological gamblers","volume":"9","author":"Granero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.07.006","article-title":"Trait impulsivity and cognitive domains involving impulsivity and compulsivity as predictors of gambling disorder treatment response","volume":"87","author":"Mallorqui-Bague","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref931","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0226-7","article-title":"Study protocol: The JEU cohort study\u2013transversal multiaxial evaluation and 5-year follow-up of a cohort of French gamblers","volume":"14","author":"Challet-Bouju","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.1.72","article-title":"Retrospective and prospective reports of precipitants to relapse in pathological gambling","volume":"72","author":"Hodgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-09815-y","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments for disordered gambling: A meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Goslar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref1121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152183","article-title":"The personality profile of chronic alcohol dependent patients with comorbid gambling disorder symptoms","volume":"101","author":"Kovacs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.04.035","article-title":"The salience network and human personality: Integrity of white matter tracts within anterior and posterior salience network relates to the self-directedness character trait","volume":"1692","author":"Prillwitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"ref481","volume-title":"Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviors","author":"Marlatt","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref591","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.04.035","article-title":"The salience network and human personality: Integrity of white matter tracts within anterior and posterior salience network relates to the self-directedness character trait","volume":"1692","author":"Prillwitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Research"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13497","article-title":"Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions of personality and Binge drinking among college students","volume":"41","author":"Gierski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"ref901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2012.689323","article-title":"Internet-based treatment of pathological gambling with a three-year follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Carlbring","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy"},{"key":"ref1281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01204.x","article-title":"Outcome of psychological treatments of pathological gambling: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Pallesen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref791","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.10.009","article-title":"Pathological gambling: Understanding relapses and dropouts","volume":"57","author":"Aragay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.715517","article-title":"Eating disorders and pathological gambling in males: Can they be differentiated by means of weight history and temperament and character traits?","volume":"20","author":"Claes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eating Disorders"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9137-9","article-title":"The influence of substance dependence and mood disorders on outcome from pathological gambling: Five-year follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Hodgins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref1131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.11.004","article-title":"Is control a viable goal in the treatment of pathological gambling?","volume":"47","author":"Ladouceur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.06.006","article-title":"Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in different clinical phenotypes of gambling disorder: Profiles and longitudinal prediction of treatment outcomes","volume":"61","author":"Mallorqui-Bague","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-014-0226-7","article-title":"Study protocol: The JEU cohort study\u2013transversal multiaxial evaluation and 5-year follow-up of a cohort of French gamblers","volume":"14","author":"Challet-Bouju","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.01.010","article-title":"Gambling transitions among adult gamblers: A multi-state model using a Markovian approach applied to the JEU cohort","volume":"57","author":"Bruneau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref1101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000369528","article-title":"Predictors of outcome among pathological gamblers receiving cognitive behavioral group therapy","volume":"21","author":"Jimenez-Murcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"ref1001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2016.09.008","article-title":"Prediction of relapse after cognitive-behavioral treatment of gambling disorder in individuals with chronic schizophrenia: A survival analysis","volume":"48","author":"Echeburua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"ref1271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9071-7","article-title":"Psychosocial factors related to gambling abstinence and relapse in members of gamblers anonymous","volume":"24","author":"Oei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9732-0","article-title":"Casino self- and forced excluders\u2019 gambling behavior before and after exclusion","volume":"34","author":"Kotter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref671","first-page":"1","article-title":"Problematic alcohol and drug use is associated with low self-directedness and cooperativeness","author":"Steingrimsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","article-title":"A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling","volume":"97","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref1231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0459-0","article-title":"Comparative analysis of distinct phenotypes in gambling disorder based on gambling preferences","volume":"15","author":"Moragas","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9071-7","article-title":"Psychosocial factors related to gambling abstinence and relapse in members of gamblers anonymous","volume":"24","author":"Oei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9128-x","article-title":"Pathological gambling: Influence of quality of life and psychological distress on abstinence after cognitive-behavioral inpatient treatment","volume":"25","author":"Sander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref1201","volume-title":"Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviors","author":"Marlatt","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref1251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9049-x","article-title":"Temperament and character in pathological gambling","volume":"23","author":"Nordin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008","article-title":"A psychobiological model of temperament and character","volume":"50","author":"Cloninger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000234","article-title":"Development and validation of the gambling pathways questionnaire (GPQ)","volume":"31","author":"Nower","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0459-0","article-title":"Comparative analysis of distinct phenotypes in gambling disorder based on gambling preferences","volume":"15","author":"Moragas","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref751","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62185-X","article-title":"Gambling disorders","volume":"378","author":"Hodgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref781","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref561","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01204.x","article-title":"Outcome of psychological treatments of pathological gambling: A review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Pallesen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref251","article-title":"Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling","volume":"11","author":"Cowlishaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"ref1431","volume-title":"Quinte longitudinal study of gambling and problem gambling","author":"Williams","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref31","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000234","article-title":"Development and validation of the gambling pathways questionnaire (GPQ)","volume":"31","author":"Nower","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref521","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.01.326","article-title":"Recovery, relapse, or else? Treatment outcomes in gambling disorder from a multicenter follow-up study","volume":"43","author":"Muller","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref641","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.2.263","article-title":"The natural history of problem gambling from age 18 to 29","volume":"112","author":"Slutske","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"ref1161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83296-8","article-title":"The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), a short diagnostic structured interview: Reliability and validity according to the CIDI","volume":"12","author":"Lecrubier","year":"1997","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref611","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9878","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1138-17.2019","article-title":"The salience network: A neural system for perceiving and responding to homeostatic demands","volume":"39","author":"Seeley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref631","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00008","article-title":"Response trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive behavioral therapy in young-adult pathological gamblers","volume":"9","author":"Granero","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref711","volume-title":"Quinte longitudinal study of gambling and problem gambling","author":"Williams","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref1411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790701387543","article-title":"Type of gambling and availability as risk factors for problem gambling: A Tobit regression analysis by age and gender","volume":"7","author":"Welte","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref811","first-page":"266","article-title":"Influence and change of self-directedness in dialectical behavior therapy","volume":"44","author":"Bernheim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatrische Praxis"},{"key":"ref961","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.35","article-title":"Demographic and psychiatric correlates of compulsive sexual behaviors in gambling disorder","volume":"8","author":"Cowie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9049-x","article-title":"Temperament and character in pathological gambling","volume":"23","author":"Nordin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref951","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008","article-title":"A psychobiological model of temperament and character","volume":"50","author":"Cloninger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00336.x","article-title":"A comparison of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers based on preferred gambling activity","volume":"98","author":"Petry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref1021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.04.002","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural interventions to reduce problem gambling: Hedging our bets?","volume":"47","author":"Gooding","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"ref1051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.1.72","article-title":"Retrospective and prospective reports of precipitants to relapse in pathological gambling","volume":"72","author":"Hodgins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1155-1704(05)81209-1","article-title":"Validation fran\u00e7aise de la version courte de l\u2019Inventaire du Temp\u00e9rament et du Caract\u00e8re (TCI-125)","volume":"15","author":"Chakroun-Vinciguerra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal de Th\u00e9rapie Comportementale et Cognitive"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1070792","article-title":"Self-directedness and the susceptibility to distraction by saliency","volume":"30","author":"Dinica","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.12.027","article-title":"Sitting at the virtual poker table: A prospective epidemiological study of actual Internet poker gambling behavior","volume":"25","author":"LaPlante","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"ref1221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.09.002","article-title":"The predictive capacity of DSM-5 symptom severity and impulsivity on response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for gambling disorder: A 2-year longitudinal study","volume":"55","author":"Mestre-Bach","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref971","article-title":"Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling","volume":"11","author":"Cowlishaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"ref1291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00336.x","article-title":"A comparison of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers based on preferred gambling activity","volume":"98","author":"Petry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref761","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref1011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13497","article-title":"Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions of personality and Binge drinking among college students","volume":"41","author":"Gierski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"ref1111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9732-0","article-title":"Casino self- and forced excluders\u2019 gambling behavior before and after exclusion","volume":"34","author":"Kotter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970701775058","article-title":"Low novelty seeking and high self directedness scores in alcohol-dependent patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders homozygous for the A10 allele of the dopamine transporter gene","volume":"11","author":"Anghelescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref801","article-title":"The definition and predictors of relapse in problem gambling","author":"Battersby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Final Report"},{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9461-6","article-title":"Abstinence versus moderation goals in brief motivational treatment for pathological gambling","volume":"31","author":"Stea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.11.004","article-title":"Is control a viable goal in the treatment of pathological gambling?","volume":"47","author":"Ladouceur","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"ref621","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00087-8","article-title":"A reformulated cognitive-behavioral model of problem gambling. A biopsychosocial perspective","volume":"22","author":"Sharpe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref871","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00052-5","article-title":"\u2018Chasing\u2019 in gambling behavior: Personality and cognitive determinants","volume":"27","author":"Breen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"ref581","first-page":"51","article-title":"Gambling disorder","volume":"5","author":"Potenza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews"},{"key":"ref911","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1155-1704(05)81209-1","article-title":"Validation fran\u00e7aise de la version courte de l\u2019Inventaire du Temp\u00e9rament et du Caract\u00e8re (TCI-125)","volume":"15","author":"Chakroun-Vinciguerra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal de Th\u00e9rapie Comportementale et Cognitive"},{"key":"ref1091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080701202445","article-title":"The gamblers' temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality profile","volume":"42","author":"Janiri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.10.009","article-title":"Pathological gambling: Understanding relapses and dropouts","volume":"57","author":"Aragay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080701202445","article-title":"The gamblers' temperament and character inventory (TCI) personality profile","volume":"42","author":"Janiri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.09.002","article-title":"The predictive capacity of DSM-5 symptom severity and impulsivity on response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for gambling disorder: A 2-year longitudinal study","volume":"55","author":"Mestre-Bach","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref81","article-title":"The definition and predictors of relapse in problem gambling","author":"Battersby","year":"2010","journal-title":"Final Report"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.35","article-title":"Demographic and psychiatric correlates of compulsive sexual behaviors in gambling disorder","volume":"8","author":"Cowie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970701775058","article-title":"Low novelty seeking and high self directedness scores in alcohol-dependent patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders homozygous for the A10 allele of the dopamine transporter gene","volume":"11","author":"Anghelescu","year":"2010","journal-title":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1391","first-page":"1","article-title":"Problematic alcohol and drug use is associated with low self-directedness and cooperativeness","author":"Steingrimsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.03.009","article-title":"Mindfulness-oriented meditation improves self-related character scales in healthy individuals","volume":"55","author":"Campanella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.01.326","article-title":"Recovery, relapse, or else? Treatment outcomes in gambling disorder from a multicenter follow-up study","volume":"43","author":"Muller","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9878","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1138-17.2019","article-title":"The salience network: A neural system for perceiving and responding to homeostatic demands","volume":"39","author":"Seeley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref1301","first-page":"51","article-title":"Gambling disorder","volume":"5","author":"Potenza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Reviews"},{"key":"ref741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116952","article-title":"Neurobiology of cue-reactivity, craving, and inhibitory control in non-substance addictive behaviors","volume":"415","author":"Antons","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"ref891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.03.009","article-title":"Mindfulness-oriented meditation improves self-related character scales in healthy individuals","volume":"55","author":"Campanella","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01961","article-title":"Cognitive remediation interventions for gambling disorder: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Challet-Bouju","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9408-3","article-title":"Predictors of relapse in problem gambling: A prospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref41","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref921","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01961","article-title":"Cognitive remediation interventions for gambling disorder: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Challet-Bouju","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14083","article-title":"The prevalence, incidence, and gender and age-specific incidence of problem gambling: Results of the Swedish longitudinal gambling study (Swelogs)","volume":"113","author":"Abbott","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref691","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790701387543","article-title":"Type of gambling and availability as risk factors for problem gambling: A Tobit regression analysis by age and gender","volume":"7","author":"Welte","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref1071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62185-X","article-title":"Gambling disorders","volume":"378","author":"Hodgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2015.1070792","article-title":"Self-directedness and the susceptibility to distraction by saliency","volume":"30","author":"Dinica","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognition & Emotion"},{"key":"ref681","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000175071.22872.98","article-title":"Comparison of craving between pathological gamblers and alcoholics","volume":"29","author":"Tavares","year":"2005","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"key":"ref1031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-09815-y","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments for disordered gambling: A meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Goslar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9214-0","article-title":"Responsible gambling: General principles and minimal requirements","volume":"27","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref1421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.08.007","article-title":"Risk factors for pathological gambling","volume":"29","author":"Welte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref1141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2008.12.027","article-title":"Sitting at the virtual poker table: A prospective epidemiological study of actual Internet poker gambling behavior","volume":"25","author":"LaPlante","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"ref1321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9128-x","article-title":"Pathological gambling: Influence of quality of life and psychological distress on abstinence after cognitive-behavioral inpatient treatment","volume":"25","author":"Sander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.715517","article-title":"Eating disorders and pathological gambling in males: Can they be differentiated by means of weight history and temperament and character traits?","volume":"20","author":"Claes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eating Disorders"},{"key":"ref131","first-page":"349","article-title":"A shorter and multidimensional version of the gambling attitudes and beliefs survey (GABS-23)","volume":"30","author":"Bouju","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref1351","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152183","article-title":"The personality profile of chronic alcohol dependent patients with comorbid gambling disorder symptoms","volume":"101","author":"Kovacs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9408-3","article-title":"Predictors of relapse in problem gambling: A prospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9214-0","article-title":"Responsible gambling: General principles and minimal requirements","volume":"27","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref1171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.11.008","article-title":"What do we know about relapse in pathological gambling?","volume":"26","author":"Ledgerwood","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref1361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.2.263","article-title":"The natural history of problem gambling from age 18 to 29","volume":"112","author":"Slutske","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"ref1191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.06.006","article-title":"Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in different clinical phenotypes of gambling disorder: Profiles and longitudinal prediction of treatment outcomes","volume":"61","author":"Mallorqui-Bague","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9137-9","article-title":"The influence of substance dependence and mood disorders on outcome from pathological gambling: Five-year follow-up","volume":"26","author":"Hodgins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref1081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref1151","first-page":"151","article-title":"Relapse prevention. An overview of Marlatt\u2019s cognitive-behavioral model","volume":"23","author":"Larimer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Research & Health"},{"key":"ref141","volume-title":"Le jeu: Chance ou strat\u00e9gie? Choisir librement la place du jeu dans votre vie","author":"Boutin","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2012.689323","article-title":"Internet-based treatment of pathological gambling with a three-year follow-up","volume":"41","author":"Carlbring","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy"},{"key":"ref881","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2016.01.010","article-title":"Gambling transitions among adult gamblers: A multi-state model using a Markovian approach applied to the JEU cohort","volume":"57","author":"Bruneau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/10\/1\/article-p42.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/10\/1\/article-p42.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T03:55:36Z","timestamp":1637380536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/10\/1\/article-p42.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2021.00009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]}}}