{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T22:39:10Z","timestamp":1790548750098,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Problem gambling severity and gambling-related harm are closely coupled, but conceptually distinct, constructs. The primary aim was to compare low-risk gambling limits when gambling-related harm was defined using the negative consequence items of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI-Harm) and the Short Gambling Harms Scale items (SGHS-Harm). A secondary aim was compare low-risk limits derived using a definition of harm in which at least two harms across <jats:italic>different<\/jats:italic> domains (e.g. financial and relationship) were endorsed with a definition of harm in which at least two harms from <jats:italic>any<\/jats:italic> domain were endorsed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from dual-frame computer-assisted telephone interviews of 5,000 respondents in the fourth Social and Economic Impact Study (SEIS) of Gambling in Tasmania. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyse were conducted to identify low-risk gambling limits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>PGSI-Harm and SGHS-Harm definitions produced similar overall limits: 30\u201337 times per year; AUD$510\u2013$544 per year; expenditure comprising no more than 10.2\u201310.3% of gross personal income; 400\u2013454 minutes per year; and 2 types of gambling activities per year. Acceptable limits (AUC \u22650.70) were identified for horse\/dog racing, keno, and sports\/other betting using the PGSI definition; and electronic gaming machines, keno, and bingo using the SGHS definition. The requirement that gamblers endorse two or more harms across different domains had a relatively negligible effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although replications using alternative measures of harm are required, previous PGSI-based limits appear to be robust thresholds that have considerable potential utility in the prevention of gambling-related harm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T03:14:15Z","timestamp":1617419655000},"page":"21-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The identification of Australian low-risk gambling limits: A comparison of gambling-related harm measures"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8592-2407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicki 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