{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T01:46:43Z","timestamp":1793238403856,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consensus in acknowledging compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) as a distinct diagnosis has been lacking. Before research in this area can be advanced, it is necessary to establish diagnostic criteria in order to facilitate field trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study consisted of the following phases: (1) operationalization of a broad range of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD, (2) two iterative rounds of data collection using the Delphi method, where consensus of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD was reached by an international expert panel, and (3) interpretation of findings taking into account the degree of certainty amongst experts regarding their responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With respect to diagnostic criteria, there was clear expert consensus about inclusion of the persistent and recurrent experience of (a) intrusive and\/or irresistible urges and\/or impulses and\/or cravings and\/or preoccupations for buying\/shopping; (b) diminished control over buying\/shopping; (c) excessive purchasing of items without utilizing them for their intended purposes, (d) use of buying-shopping to regulate internal states; (e) negative consequences and impairment in important areas of functioning due to buying\/shopping; (f) emotional and cognitive symptoms upon cessation of excessive buying\/shopping; and (g) maintenance or escalation of dysfunctional buying\/shopping behaviors despite negative consequences. Furthermore, support was found for a specifier related to the presence of excessive hoarding of purchased items.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed diagnostic criteria can be used as the basis for the development of diagnostic interviews and measures of CBSD severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T23:16:17Z","timestamp":1618614977000},"page":"208-222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Proposed diagnostic criteria for compulsive buying-shopping disorder: A Delphi expert consensus study"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6176-2947","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Astrid","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora M.","family":"Laskowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Trotzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"},{"name":"3International University of Applied Sciences (IUBH), Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathina","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"5\u00d3rama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Fassnacht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"5\u00d3rama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"de Zwaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2General Psychology: Cognition and Center for Behavioral Addiction Research (CeBAR), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany"},{"name":"7Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"H\u00e4der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Institute of Sociology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kyrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"5\u00d3rama Institute for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"},{"name":"6Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000363389","article-title":"Hoarding with and without excessive buying: Results of a pilot 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