{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:42:16Z","timestamp":1791582136090,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German research association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DFG STA 475\/16-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG STA 475\/16-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of pornography, while unproblematic for the majority, can grow into addiction-like behavior which in its extreme form is labeled as compulsive sexual behavioral disorder in the ICD-11 (WHO, 2018). The aim of this study was to investigate the addiction-specific reactivity to cues in order to better understand underlying mechanisms in the development of this disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have used an optimized Sexual Incentive Delay Task to study brain activity in reward associated brain areas during an anticipation phase (with cues predicting pornographic videos, control videos or no videos) and a corresponding delivery phase in healthy men. Correlations to indicators of problematic pornography use, the time spent on pornography use, and trait sexual motivation were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of 74 men showed that reward-related brain areas (amygdala, dorsal cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, putamen, caudate nucleus, and insula) were significantly more activated by both the pornographic videos and the pornographic cues than by control videos and control cues, respectively. However, we found no relationship between these activations and indicators of problematic pornography use, time spent on pornography use, or with trait sexual motivation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The activity in reward-related brain areas to both visual sexual stimuli as well as cues indicates that optimization of the Sexual Incentive Delay Task was successful. Presumably, associations between reward-related brain activity and indicators for problematic or pathological pornography use might only occur in samples with increased levels and not in a rather healthy sample used in the present study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]],"date-time":"2021-04-10T03:18:15Z","timestamp":1618024695000},"page":"65-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sexual incentive delay in the scanner: Sexual cue and reward processing, and links to problematic porn consumption and sexual motivation"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9076-5490","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Markert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"2Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"3Center of Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"2Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"3Center of Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Strahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"2Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), University of Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onno","family":"Kruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"2Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"4Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"2Bender Institute of Neuroimaging (BION), University of Giessen, Germany"},{"name":"3Center of Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref661","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12096","article-title":"Gender commonalities and differences in the neural processing of visual sexual stimuli","volume":"10","author":"Wehrum","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"ref941","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.008","article-title":"An initial study of neural responses to monetary incentives as related to treatment outcome in cocaine dependence","volume":"70","author":"Jia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref1081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2018.1531334","article-title":"Pornographic content and real-life sexual experiences: Findings from a survey of German university students","volume":"45","author":"Martyniuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07590.x","article-title":"Common biology of craving across legal and illegal drugs - 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