{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T12:04:57Z","timestamp":1787918697955,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Mental Health Technology R&D Project"},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HL19C0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL19C0012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Parental depressive symptoms may aggravate the effects of children\u2019s emotional problems on risks for Internet gaming disorder (IGD). Here we examined the joint effects of children\u2019s emotional problems and parents\u2019 depressive symptoms on the incidence of IGD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A large prospective, population-based cohort tested potential interactions between children\u2019s emotional problems, parents\u2019 depressive symptoms, and incidence of high risk of IGD (HRIGD). Family dyads (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=2,031) that included children who were non-HRIGD at baseline completed assessments of childhood and parental affective symptomatology. HRIGD was assessed at baseline and 12 months. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) estimated the magnitudes of interactions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In terms of risk for the development of IGD, parental depression was 1.8 times greater, children\u2019s emotional problems were 2.9 times greater, and both risk factors together were 6.1 times greater than the background risk, with the last two findings reaching statistical significance. The expected risk for the development of HRIGD was RR=3.7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children\u2019s emotional problems demonstrated a particularly strong relationship with HRIGD. Joint effects of children\u2019s emotional problems and depressive symptoms in parents on the incidence of HRIGD were stronger than the sum of the independent effects of each factor. The findings suggest that combining interventions for the treatment of children\u2019s emotional problems and parents\u2019 depressive symptoms may have extra risk reduction effects on preventing IGD in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T09:04:02Z","timestamp":1623747842000},"page":"244-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Joint effects of children\u2019s emotional problems and parental depressive symptoms on the occurrence of internet gaming disorder among children and adolescents: A longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hyunsuk","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3646-8161","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyeon Woo","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Yup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae Kook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc N.","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Child Study Center, Yale 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