{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:40:53Z","timestamp":1787506853482,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People can engage in excessive, maladaptive use of social media platforms. This problematic social media use mirrors substance use disorders with regard to symptoms and certain behavioral situations. For example, individuals with substance use disorders demonstrate aberrations in risk evaluations during decision making, and initial research on problematic social media use has revealed similar findings. However, these results concerning problematic social media use have been clouded by tasks that involve learning and that lack a clear demarcation between risky and ambiguous decision making. Therefore, we set out to specifically determine the relationship between problematic social media use and decision making under both risk and ambiguity, in the absence of learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We assessed each participant's (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 90) self-reported level of problematic social media use. We then had them perform the wheel of fortune task, which has participants make choices between a sure option or either a risky or ambiguous gamble. In this way, the task isolates decisions made under risk and ambiguity, and avoids trial-to-trial learning.\n                      <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                      : We found that the greater an individual's problematic social media use, the more often that individual choses high-risk gambles or ambiguous gambles, regardless of the degree of ambiguity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that greater problematic social media use is related to a greater affinity for high-risk situations and overall ambiguity. These findings have implications for the field, specifically clarifying and extending the extant literature, as well as providing future avenues for research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T10:27:45Z","timestamp":1627640865000},"page":"779-787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Problematic social media use is associated with the evaluation of both risk and ambiguity during decision making"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0772-037X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dar","family":"Meshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Freestone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ceylan","family":"\u00d6zdem-Mertens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref711","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.09.003","article-title":"Excess social media use in normal populations is associated with amygdala-striatal but not with prefrontal morphology","volume":"269","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"key":"ref481","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-V","volume-title":"DSM-V","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref571","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00035","article-title":"Which conditions should be considered as disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) designation of \u201cother specified disorders due to addictive behaviors\u201d?","author":"Brand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref331","first-page":"1","article-title":"Excessive social media users demonstrate impaired decision making in the Iowa Gambling Task","author":"Meshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2016.1197915","article-title":"A critical consideration of social networking sites\u2019 addiction potential","volume":"25","author":"Carbonell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction Research and Theory"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.05.011","article-title":"Choice selection and reward anticipation: An fMRI study","volume":"42","author":"Ernst","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"ref731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(10)70846-4","article-title":"Social network addiction: A new clinical disorder? 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