{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:18:18Z","timestamp":1784161098171,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633392000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Theoretical background and previous data provide some similarities between problematic gambling and eating behaviors, and a theoretically increased clinical severity in individuals suffering from both conditions. However, large datasets are lacking, and therefore, the present study aimed to study, in a nationwide register material, psychiatric comorbidity, age and gender in gambling disorder (GD) patients with or without eating disorder (ED).<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Diagnostic data from a nationwide register were used, including all individuals with a GD diagnosis in specialized health care in Sweden, in the years 2005\u20132016 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 2,099). Patients with GD and an ED diagnosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 57) were compared to GD patients without ED.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Patients with GD+ED were significantly more likely than other GD patients to also have a diagnosis of drug use disorder, depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, other mood disorder, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and neuropsychiatric disorders, when controlling for gender. In logistic regression, a comorbid ED in GD was associated with female gender, younger age, depressive disorder and personality disorders.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In nationwide register data, despite the low number of GD+ED patients, GD patients with ED appear to have a more severe psychiatric comorbidity than GD patients without ED. The combined GD+ED conditions may require particular screening and clinical attention, as well as further research in larger and longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T10:14:32Z","timestamp":1632910472000},"page":"540-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Eating disorder in gambling disorder: A group with increased psychopathology"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Linda","family":"Lem\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne, Department of Psychiatry Malm\u00f6-Trelleborg, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2968-9898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fernando","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Fisiopatolog\u00eda Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3596-8033","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Fisiopatolog\u00eda Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5800-8975","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anders","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne, Malm\u00f6 Addiction Center, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Psychiatry, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref541","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2207","article-title":"Eating disorders, substance use disorders, and impulsiveness among disordered gamblers in a community sample","volume":"21","author":"von Ranson","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415575774","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Dowling","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","article-title":"A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling","volume":"97","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00473","article-title":"Food addiction in gambling disorder: Frequency and clinical outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Jimenez-Murcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318193c993","article-title":"Food addiction: An examination of the diagnostic criteria for dependence","volume":"3","author":"Gearhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem and pathological gambling: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys","volume":"106","author":"Lorains","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2207","article-title":"Eating disorders, substance use disorders, and impulsiveness among disordered gamblers in a community sample","volume":"21","author":"von Ranson","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-2974-1-43","article-title":"Quality of life in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not-otherwise-specified","volume":"1","author":"DeJong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"ref501","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03300.x","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid disorders in problem and pathological gambling: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys","volume":"106","author":"Lorains","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2651","article-title":"Precision psychiatry-What it means for eating disorders?","volume":"27","author":"Kan","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","article-title":"A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling","volume":"97","author":"Blaszczynski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.112","article-title":"Gambling disorder, increased mortality, suicidality, and associated comorbidity: A longitudinal nationwide register study","volume":"7","author":"Karlsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref241","first-page":"212","article-title":"Prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Qian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.12.040","article-title":"Pathological gambling and mood disorders: Clinical associations and treatment implications","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"ref521","first-page":"212","article-title":"Prevalence of eating disorders in the general population: A systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Qian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2606","article-title":"Demographic, psychiatric, and personality correlates of adults seeking treatment for disordered gambling with a comorbid binge\/purge type eating disorder","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.844","article-title":"Personality disorders in 545 patients with eating disorders","volume":"16","author":"Godt","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref511","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4552","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6104552","article-title":"The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale food addiction scale: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Pursey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.007","article-title":"Prevalence of substance use disorder comorbidity among individuals with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"273","author":"Bahji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"ref421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.04.014","article-title":"Pathological gambling in eating disorders: Prevalence and clinical implications","volume":"54","author":"Jimenez-Murcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2011.08.017","article-title":"Evidence that \u201cfood addiction\u201d is a valid phenotype of obesity","volume":"57","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112633","article-title":"Food addiction in eating disorders and obesity: Analysis of clusters and implications for treatment","volume":"11","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500905","article-title":"Frequency and correlates of gambling problems in outpatients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder","volume":"55","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","article-title":"Understanding gambling related harm: A proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms","volume":"16","author":"Langham","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"61","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.844","article-title":"Personality disorders in 545 patients with eating disorders","volume":"16","author":"Godt","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref551","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9207-z","article-title":"An exploratory study of clinical measures associated with subsyndromal pathological gambling in patients with binge eating disorder","volume":"27","author":"Yip","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2013.04.014","article-title":"Pathological gambling in eating disorders: Prevalence and clinical implications","volume":"54","author":"Jimenez-Murcia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2705","article-title":"Is food addiction a predictor of treatment outcome among patients with eating disorder?","volume":"27","author":"Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318193c993","article-title":"Food addiction: An examination of the diagnostic criteria for dependence","volume":"3","author":"Gearhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"ref531","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2705","article-title":"Is food addiction a predictor of treatment outcome among patients with eating disorder?","volume":"27","author":"Romero","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","article-title":"Understanding gambling related harm: A proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms","volume":"16","author":"Langham","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.073","article-title":"Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000\u20132015)","volume":"5","author":"Calado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00473","article-title":"Food addiction in gambling disorder: Frequency and clinical outcomes","volume":"8","author":"Jimenez-Murcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"ref471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2606","article-title":"Demographic, psychiatric, and personality correlates of adults seeking treatment for disordered gambling with a comorbid binge\/purge type eating disorder","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-2974-1-43","article-title":"Quality of life in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not-otherwise-specified","volume":"1","author":"DeJong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders"},{"key":"ref01","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.03.008","article-title":"Comparison of personality risk factors in bulimia nervosa and pathological gambling","volume":"48","author":"Alvarez-Moya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.03.002","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in eating disorders: Clinical and therapeutic implications","volume":"47","author":"Fernandez-Aranda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9207-z","article-title":"An exploratory study of clinical measures associated with subsyndromal pathological gambling in patients with binge eating disorder","volume":"27","author":"Yip","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"ref451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500905","article-title":"Frequency and correlates of gambling problems in outpatients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder","volume":"55","author":"Kennedy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2651","article-title":"Precision psychiatry-What it means for eating disorders?","volume":"27","author":"Kan","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Eating Disorders Review"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000069","article-title":"The influence of impulsiveness on binge eating and problem gambling: A prospective study of gender differences in Canadian adults","volume":"29","author":"Farstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112633","article-title":"Food addiction in eating disorders and obesity: Analysis of clusters and implications for treatment","volume":"11","author":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000069","article-title":"The influence of impulsiveness on binge eating and problem gambling: A prospective study of gender differences in Canadian adults","volume":"29","author":"Farstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415575774","article-title":"Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Dowling","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2011.08.017","article-title":"Evidence that \u201cfood addiction\u201d is a valid phenotype of obesity","volume":"57","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.04.015","article-title":"Present and lifetime comorbidity of tobacco, alcohol and drug use in eating disorders: A European multicenter study","volume":"97","author":"Krug","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.03.002","article-title":"Impulse control disorders in eating disorders: Clinical and therapeutic implications","volume":"47","author":"Fernandez-Aranda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2007.03.008","article-title":"Comparison of personality risk factors in bulimia nervosa and pathological gambling","volume":"48","author":"Alvarez-Moya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.007","article-title":"Prevalence of substance use disorder comorbidity among individuals with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"273","author":"Bahji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"ref311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.073","article-title":"Problem gambling worldwide: An update and systematic review of empirical research (2000\u20132015)","volume":"5","author":"Calado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.112","article-title":"Gambling disorder, increased mortality, suicidality, and associated comorbidity: A longitudinal nationwide register study","volume":"7","author":"Karlsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.12.040","article-title":"Pathological gambling and mood disorders: Clinical associations and treatment implications","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.04.015","article-title":"Present and lifetime comorbidity of tobacco, alcohol and drug use in eating disorders: A European multicenter study","volume":"97","author":"Krug","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4552","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6104552","article-title":"The prevalence of food addiction as assessed by the Yale food addiction scale: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Pursey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.040","article-title":"The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"61","author":"Hudson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biological Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/10\/3\/article-p540.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/10\/3\/article-p540.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/10\/3\/article-p540.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T07:52:48Z","timestamp":1649490768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/10\/3\/article-p540.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2021.00060","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]]}}}