{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T01:26:54Z","timestamp":1790040414145,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640908800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the relationship between compulsive sexual behavior (CSB), religiosity, and spirituality. This review summarizes research examining the relationship CSB has with religiosity and spirituality, clarifying how these constructs inform the assessment and treatment of this syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present paper reviews research published through August 1, 2021, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Only studies providing quantitative analyses were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review identified 46 articles, subsuming 59 studies, analyzing the relationship between CSB and religiosity or spirituality. Most studies used cross-sectional designs with samples primarily composed of heterosexual White men and women. Generally, the studies found small to moderate positive relationships between religiosity and CSB. Studies considering the mediating or moderating role of moral incongruence identified stronger, indirect relationships between religiosity and problematic pornography use (PPU), a manifestation of CSB. Few studies examined the association between spirituality and CSB, but those that did either reported negative relationships between indicators of spiritual well-being and CSB or positive relationships between CSB and aspects of spiritual struggles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although research examining CSB and religiosity has flourished, such growth is hampered by cross-sectional samples lacking in diversity. Moral incongruence assists in explaining the relationship between religiosity and PPU, but future research should consider other manifestations of CSB beyond PPU. Attention should also be given to examining other religiosity and spirituality constructs and obtaining more diverse samples in research on CSB, religiosity, and spirituality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T03:59:40Z","timestamp":1640923180000},"page":"854-878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Compulsive sexual behavior, religiosity, and spirituality: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"10","member":"425","reference":[{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12865","article-title":"Hypersexuality and high sexual desire: Exploring the structure of problematic sexuality","volume":"12","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Sexual Medicine"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2018.1515050","article-title":"An integrative biopsychosocial and sex positive model of understanding and treatment of impulsive\/compulsive sexual behavior","volume":"25","author":"Coleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity"},{"key":"ref1121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.02.028","article-title":"Predicting pornography use over time: Does self-reported \u201caddiction\u201d matter?","volume":"82","author":"Grubbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"ref1151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2014.1001542","article-title":"Self-forgiveness and hypersexual behavior","volume":"22","author":"Hook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity"},{"key":"ref321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2013.842192","article-title":"Internet pornography use: Perceived addiction, psychological distress, and the validation of a brief measure","volume":"41","author":"Grubbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy"},{"key":"ref991","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/jcad.12126","article-title":"Collegiate sexual addiction: Exploring religious coping and attachment","volume":"95","author":"Giordano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Counseling and Development"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0257-z","article-title":"Transgression as addiction: Religiosity and moral disapproval as predictors of perceived addiction to pornography","volume":"44","author":"Grubbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Sexual Behavior"},{"key":"ref831","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2020.1751361","article-title":"A closer examination of the relationship between religiosity and problematic pornography viewing in heterosexual men","volume":"27","author":"Borgogna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1461796","article-title":"God, I can\u2019t stop thinking about sex! 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