{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:10:34Z","timestamp":1793412634993,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657670400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bavarian State Ministry of Public Health and Care Services"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n A wide range of studies indicates that men and women with Problem (PrG) and Pathological Gambling (PG) differ in several clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. However, evidence for sex differences, such as the telescoping effect, is contradictory, and it is still unclear whether sex differences observed in offline gambling can also be found for online gambling. Furthermore, reviews have so far focused on binary sex differences but neglect gender aspects. In this study, an updated literature survey of sex- and gender-related differences in PrG and PG was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We searched PsyInfo, Medline\/Pubmed, and the Web of Science databases from 2005 to 2020 for studies investigating sex and gender differences in gambling. A total of 126 papers were included in the literature survey.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n We are presenting our findings according to the categories \u2018prevalence\u2019 (offline, online, LGBTQI*), \u2018sociodemographic factors\u2019, \u2018preferred gambling type\u2019, \u2018gambling motives\u2019, \u2018severity\u2019, \u2018progression of gambling problems\u2019, \u2018use of professional help\/motivation for treatment\u2019, \u2018comorbidity\u2019, \u2018trauma\u2019, \u2018violence and criminality\/delinquency\u2019. The studies indicate that, despite some robust sex differences (e.g., concerning prevalence rates), results for most areas were mixed or suggest no sex differences (e.g., violence, gambling motives).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n To date, there is a lack of studies assessing gender, and not only sex, warranting further research in this area.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T13:27:37Z","timestamp":1651498057000},"page":"267-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Differences in problem and pathological gambling: A narrative review considering sex and gender"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0288-7771","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Corinna","family":"Gartner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BAS Bayerische Akademie f\u00fcr Sucht- und Gesundheitsfragen (Unternehmergesellschaft haftungsbeschr\u00e4nkt), LSG Landesstelle Gl\u00fccksspielsucht in Bayern, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2333-9846","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andreas","family":"Bickl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFT Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3446-4113","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sabine","family":"H\u00e4rtl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAS Bayerische Akademie f\u00fcr Sucht- und Gesundheitsfragen (Unternehmergesellschaft haftungsbeschr\u00e4nkt), LSG Landesstelle Gl\u00fccksspielsucht in Bayern, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1740-7002","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Johanna K.","family":"Loy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFT Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6607-4139","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laura","family":"H\u00e4ffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAS Bayerische Akademie f\u00fcr Sucht- und Gesundheitsfragen (Unternehmergesellschaft haftungsbeschr\u00e4nkt), LSG Landesstelle Gl\u00fccksspielsucht in Bayern, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-5563-5","article-title":"Gambling and problem gambling among recently sentenced women in New Zealand prisons","volume":"21","author":"Abbott, M. 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Suicidal events among pathological gamblers: The role of comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders. \n Psychiatry Research\n , 225(3), 413\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.074.10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.074"},{"issue":"3","key":"B15","series-title":"Psychiatry Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.07.026","article-title":"Comorbid Axis I-disorders among subjects with pathological, problem, or at-risk gambling recruited from the general population in Germany: Results of the PAGE study","volume":"210","author":"Bischof, A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bischof, A.\n , \n Meyer, C.\n , \n Bischof, G.\n , \n Kastirke, N.\n , \n John, U.\n , & \n Rumpf, H.-J.\n \n (2013). 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Inpatient treatment for pathological gamblers in Germany: Setting, utilization, and structure. \n Journal of Gambling Studies\n , 31(1), 257\u2013279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9430-5.10.1007\/s10899-013-9430-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"B26","series-title":"Psychiatry Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.01.035","article-title":"Gambling onset and progression in a sample of at-risk gamblers from the general population","volume":"216","author":"Carneiro, E.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carneiro, E.\n , \n Tavares, H.\n , \n Sanches, M.\n , \n Pinsky, I.\n , \n Caetano, R.\n , \n Zaleski, M.\n , & \n Laranjeira, R.\n \n (2014). 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An analysis of problem gambling among the Finnish working-age population: A population survey. \n BMC Public Health\n , 13, 519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-13-519.10.1186\/1471-2458-13-519"},{"issue":"8","key":"B28","series-title":"BMJ Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022129","article-title":"Trends in gambling participation and gambling severity among Finnish men and women: Cross-sectional population surveys in 2007, 2010 and 2015","volume":"8","author":"Castr\u00e9n, S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castr\u00e9n, S.\n , \n Heiskanen, M.\n , & \n Salonen, A. H.\n \n (2018). 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