{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:00:30Z","timestamp":1792717230094,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ANR 12 SAMA 013 01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR 12 SAMA 013 01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. First-line medications consist of drugs that act by counteracting dopamine deficiency in the basal ganglia. Unfortunately, iatrogenic impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) can occur in up to 20% of PD patients over the course of their illness. ICBs must be considered multifactorial disorders that reflect the interactions of the medication with an individual's vulnerability and the underlying neurobiology of PD. We aimed to explore the predictive genetic, psychopathological and neurological factors involved in the development of ICBs in PD patients by building a complete model of individual vulnerability.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The PARKADD study was a case\/non-case study. A total of 225 patients were enrolled (\u201cICB\u201d group, N\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009<\/jats:italic>75; \u201cno ICB\u201d group, N\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009<\/jats:italic>150), and 163 agreed to provide saliva samples for genetic analysis. Sociodemographic, neurological and psychiatric characteristics were assessed, and genotyping for the characterization of polymorphisms related to dopaminergic and\u00a0opioid systems was performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Factors associated with \u201cICBs\u201d were younger age of PD onset, personal history of ICB prior to PD onset and higher scores on the urgency and sensation seeking facets of impulsivity. No gene variant was significantly associated, but the association with the opioid receptor mu 1 (OPRM1) rs1799971 polymorphism was close to significance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The influence of gene-environment interactions probably exists, and additional studies are needed to decipher the possible role of the opioid system in the development of ICBs in PD patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T16:34:22Z","timestamp":1660235662000},"page":"766-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Parkinson's disease and iatrogenic impulsive-compulsive behaviors: A case\/non-case study to build a complete model of individual vulnerability"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-7243","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie","family":"Grall-Bronnec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France"},{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, CHU Tours, INSERM, MethodS in Patients centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, F-44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3745-2532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caroline","family":"Victorri-Vigneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, Univ Tours, CHU Nantes, CHU Tours, INSERM, MethodS in Patients centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch, SPHERE, F-44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"CHU Nantes, Pharmacology Department, Nantes, 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