{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:17:03Z","timestamp":1790281023581,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011000","name":"Mission Interminist\u00e9rielle de Lutte contre les Drogues et les Conduites Addictives","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RTI2018-101837-B-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-101837-B-100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Blaszczynski and Nower (2002) conceptualized their Pathways Model by postulating the existence of three subtypes of problem gamblers who share common characteristics, but also present specific ones.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study investigated how the psychological mechanisms postulated in the Pathways Model predict clinical status in a sample that combined treatment-seeking gamblers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 59) and non-problematic community gamblers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 107). To test the Pathways Model, we computed a hierarchic logistic regression in which variables associated with each postulated pathway were entered sequentially to predict the status of the treatment-seeking gambler. Self-report questionnaires measured gambling-related cognitions, alexithymia, emotional reactivity, emotion regulation strategies and impulsivity. Behavioural tasks measured gambling persistence (slot machine task), decision-making under uncertainty (Iowa Gambling Task) and decision-making under risk (Game of Dice Task).<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We showed that specific factors theorized as underlying mechanisms for each pathway predicted the status of clinical gambler. For each pathway, significant predictors included gambling-related cognitive distortions and behaviourally measured gambling persistence (behaviourally conditioned pathway), emotional reactivity and emotion regulation strategies (emotionally vulnerable pathway), and lack of premeditation impulsivity facet (impulsivist-antisocial pathway).<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n            <jats:sec>\n               <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Our study adds to the body of literature confirming the validity of the Pathways Model and hold important implications in terms of assessment and treatment of problem gambling. In particular, a standardized assessment based on the Pathways Model should promote individualized treatment strategies to allow clinicians to take into account the high heterogeneity that characterizes gambling disorder.<\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T14:53:19Z","timestamp":1660143199000},"page":"858-873","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["An empirical investigation of the Pathways Model of problem gambling through the conjoint use of self-reports and behavioural tasks"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-2657","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Bonnaire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Sant\u00e9, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France"},{"name":"Centre Pierre Nicole, \u201cConsultation Jeunes Consommateurs\u201d, Croix-Rouge Fran\u00e7aise, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1753-8494","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ga\u00ebtan","family":"Devos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLouvain, Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"},{"name":"Service Universitaire D\u2019Addictologie de Lyon (SUAL), CH le Vinatier, F-69500, Bron, France"},{"name":"Grand H\u00f4pital de Charleroi (GHdC), Charleroi, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4743-3087","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Servane","family":"Barrault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Sant\u00e9, F-92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France"},{"name":"Laboratory QualiPsy, EE1901, Psychology Department, University of Tours, 3 rue des Tanneurs, 37041 Tours, France"},{"name":"Centre de Soins d\u2019Accompagnement et de Pr\u00e9vention en Addictologie (CSAPA 37), CHRU of Tours, 37044 Tours Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0722-7243","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie","family":"Grall-Bronnec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Nantes, Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Nantes, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, Inserm U1246, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1519-2178","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivier","family":"Luminet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLouvain, Research Institute for Psychological Sciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"},{"name":"Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-6194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Billieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1","series-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000027","article-title":"The impact of alexithymia on pathological gamblers' decision-making: A preliminary study of gamblers recruited in \u201csportsbook\u201d casinos","volume":"27","author":"A\u00efte, A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"A\u00efte, A.\n                  , \n                     Barrault, S.\n                  , \n                     Cassotti, M.\n                  , \n                     Borst, G.\n                  , \n                     Bonnaire, C.\n                  , \n                     Houd\u00e9, O.\n                  , \u2026 \n                     Moutier \n                     S.\n                  \n                (2014). The impact of alexithymia on pathological gamblers' decision-making: A preliminary study of gamblers recruited in \u201csportsbook\u201d casinos. \n                  Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology\n               , 27(2), 59\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNN.0000000000000027.2496800610.1097\/WNN.0000000000000027"},{"issue":"8","key":"B2","series-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500804","article-title":"Subtyping study of a pathological gamblers sample","volume":"55","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Moya, E. M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Moya, E. M.\n                  , \n                     Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S.\n                  , \n                     Aymam\u00ed, M. 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R.\n                  , \n                     Gallagher, M.\n                  , \n                     Murray-Latin, H.\n                  , \n                     Sauer\u2010Zavala, S.\n                  , \u2026 \n                     Cassiello-Robbins, C. F.\n                  \n                (2017). The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders compared with diagnosis-specific protocols for anxiety disorders: A randomized clinical trial. \n                  JAMA Psychiatry\n               , 74(9), 875\u2013884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2164.2876832710.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2164"},{"issue":"2","key":"B5","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212695","article-title":"Reconsidering the roots, structure, and implications of gambling motives: An integrative approach","volume":"14","author":"Barrada, J. R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barrada, J. 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Decision-making impairments in patients with pathological gambling. \n                  Psychiatry Research\n               , 133(1), 91\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.10.003.1569868110.1016\/j.psychres.2004.10.003"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00665","article-title":"Iowa Gambling Task (IGT): Twenty years after \u2013 gambling disorder and IGT","volume":"4","author":"Brevers, D.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brevers, D.\n                  , \n                     Bechara, A.\n                  , \n                     Cleeremans, A.\n                  , & \n                     No\u00ebl, X.\n                  \n                (2013). 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