{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T12:48:41Z","timestamp":1782132521635,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The cultivation project of the province-leveled preponderant characteristic discipline of Hangzhou Normal University","award":["20JYXK025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JYXK025"]}]},{"name":"The Scientific Research Foundation for Scholars of Hangzhou Normal University","award":["2020QDL021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020QDL021"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Fundation of China","award":["LQ22C090005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ22C090005"]}]},{"name":"The Key medical disciplines of Hangzhou"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n Sex differences in internet gaming disorder (IGD) remain unknown. Investigating sex-specific neural features that underlie the core risk factor (i.e., risk-taking) of IGD would help in understanding sex-specific vulnerabilities to IGD and advance sex-specific treatments and prevention for IGD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n 111 participants (28 IGD males, 27 IGD females, 26 recreational game user (RGU) males, 30 RGU females) completed a probability discounting task during fMRI scanning.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n First, among RGUs, males showed a higher risk-taking tendency and greater neural activation associated with risk\/value evaluation for reward (the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left putamen) and smaller activation associated with cognitive control (the inferior frontal gyrus) than females during the contrast of risky-safe choices. Moreover, males showed a greater modulatory effect of risky choices on the connection from the vmPFC\/ACC to the left putamen than females. Second, IGD males showed decreased activation in the vmPFC\/ACC and left putamen compared to RGU males, whereas this decrease did not exist in IGD females.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n Males show a higher risk-taking tendency than females. Altered neural substrates associated with risky decision-making exist in IGD males but not in IGD females.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The present findings fill the gap in information on the behavioral and neural substrates underlying IGD among females and demonstrate that a high risk-taking tendency is a risk factor and core symptom only in IGD males but not in IGD females. It is necessary to design and adopt distinct treatments and prevention strategies for IGD in males and females.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T09:28:12Z","timestamp":1662110892000},"page":"778-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Sex differences in neural substrates of risk taking: Implications for sex-specific vulnerabilities to internet gaming disorder"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1164-4309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lingxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaiyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8813-8730","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guang-Heng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association\n \n . 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