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MD can be seen as a behavioral addiction. However, a paucity of longitudinal research means that there is no empirical evidence confirming the stability of this alleged addiction. Moreover, the direction of its association with psychopathology is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examine, for the first time, long-term stability and longitudinal associations between MD, psychological distress (stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms) and COVID-19 related exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 814) completed an online survey twice, with a lag of 13 months. A two-wave structural equation model demonstrated high MD stability and positive cross-lagged pathways from MD to psychological distress. COVID-19 related exposure was not a longitudinal predictor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MD is a stable condition and a risk factor for an increase in psychological distress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T21:04:31Z","timestamp":1677618271000},"page":"288-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Longitudinal associations between maladaptive daydreaming and psychological distress during the COVID-19 health crisis"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4125-0068","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Musetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8778-798X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nirit","family":"Soffer-Dudek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consciousness and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4787-0631","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chiara","family":"Imperato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5181-2648","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adriano","family":"Schimmenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE \u2013 Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9307-5209","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders","article-title":"Longitudinal changes of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: The role of pre-existing anxiety, depressive, and other mental disorders","volume":"79","author":"Bendau, A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bendau, A., Kunas, S. 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