{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:54:25Z","timestamp":1793303665435,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000144","name":"Alberta Gambling Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#88"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#88"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000144","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many new digital gambling-like activities such as loot boxes, esports betting, skin betting, and token wagering have recently emerged and grown in popularity. This scoping review aimed to: (a) synthesize the existing empirical research literature on gambling-like activities and their associations with gambling and video gaming behaviors, including problem gambling and video gaming; (b)\u00a0identify sociodemographic, psychological, and motivational factors associated with engagement in\u00a0gambling-like activities; and (c) identify research gaps and areas for further research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A\u00a0systematic search of Ovid, Embsco, and ProQuest databases and Google Scholar was conducted in May 2021 and last updated in February 2022. The search yielded a total of 2,437 articles. Articles were included in the review if they were empirical studies that contained quantitative or qualitative results regarding the relationship between gambling-like activities and gambling or gaming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-eight articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, the review results suggest that all forms of gambling-like activities were positively associated with gambling and gaming with small to medium effects. Gambling-like activity participation was also positively associated with mental distress and impulsivity. Gaps identified included a lack of inquiry into skin betting and token wagering, a lack of diversity in the research methods (i.e., mainly cross-sectional surveys), and a paucity of research that includes more ethnically, culturally, and geographically diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Longitudinal studies with more representative samples are needed to examine the causal link between gambling-like activities and gambling and video gaming.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T15:40:39Z","timestamp":1683646839000},"page":"309-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["A scoping review of the association between loot boxes, esports, skin betting, and token wagering with gambling and video gaming behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0804-0256","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyoun S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"name":"University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5533-388X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"R. Diandra","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3350-2712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sherry H.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1762-2581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Psychology, & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5604-7551","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Demetrovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0111-8935","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Monezi","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Life Science, Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-0522","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung-Seok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermano","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2737-5200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David C.","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Journal of Emerging Sport Studies","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gamers who gamble: Examining the relationship between esports spectatorship and event wagering","volume":"3","author":"Abarbanel, B.","year":"2020","unstructured":"* Abarbanel, B., Macey, J., Hamari, J., & Melton, R. (2020). Gamers who gamble: Examining the relationship between esports spectatorship and event wagering. Journal of Emerging Sport Studies, 3(1), 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26522\/jess.v3i.3710."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Norway threatens to crackdown on skin betting","author":"Abbot, N.","year":"2017, March 15","unstructured":"Abbot, N. (2017, March 15). Norway threatens to crackdown on skin betting. Gambling Insider. https:\/\/www.gamblinginsider.com\/news\/2997\/norway-threatens-to-crackdown-on-skin-betting."},{"issue":"1","key":"B3","series-title":"International Journal of Social Research Methodology","first-page":"19","article-title":"Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey, H.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Arksey, H., & O'Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1364557032000119616."},{"issue":"2","key":"B4","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies","first-page":"351","article-title":"The psychology of esports: A systematic literature review","volume":"35","author":"B\u00e1nyai, F.","year":"2019","unstructured":"B\u00e1nyai, F., Griffiths, M. D., Kir\u00e1ly, O., & Demetrovics, Z. (2019). The psychology of esports: A systematic literature review. Journal of Gambling Studies, 35(2), 351\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-018-9763-1.29508260"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","first-page":"26","article-title":"Associations between loot box use, problematic gaming and gambling, and gambling-related cognitions","volume":"96","author":"Brooks, G. A.","year":"2019","unstructured":"* Brooks, G. A., & Clark, L. (2019). Associations between loot box use, problematic gaming and gambling, and gambling-related cognitions. 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