{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:13:29Z","timestamp":1788455609163,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The neurobiological mechanisms of gambling disorder are not yet fully characterized, limiting the development of treatments. Defects in frontostriatal connections have been shown to play a major role in substance use disorders, but data on behavioral addictions, such as gambling disorder, are scarce. The aim of this study was to 1) investigate whether gambling disorder is associated with abnormal frontostriatal connectivity and 2) characterize the key neurotransmitter systems underlying the connectivity abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen individuals with gambling disorder and 17 matched healthy controls were studied with resting-state functional connectivity MRI and three brain positron emission tomography scans, investigating dopamine (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA), opioid (<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-carfentanil) and serotonin (<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-MADAM) function. Frontostriatal connectivity was investigated using striatal seed-to-voxel connectivity and compared between the groups. Neurotransmitter systems underlying the identified connectivity differences were investigated using region-of-interest and voxelwise approaches.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with gambling disorder showed loss of functional connectivity between the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and a region in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FWE<\/jats:sub> &lt;0.05). Similarly, there was a significant Group x right NAcc interaction in right DLPFC <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-MADAM binding (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) but not in <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDOPA uptake or <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-carfentanil binding. This was confirmed in voxelwise analyses showing a widespread Group x right NAcc interaction in the prefrontal cortex <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-MADAM binding (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>FWE<\/jats:sub> &lt;0.05). Right NAcc <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C-MADAM binding potential correlated with attentional impulsivity in individuals with gambling disorder (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.73, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gambling disorder is associated with right hemisphere abnormal frontostriatal connectivity and serotonergic function. These findings will contribute to understanding the neurobiological mechanism and may help identify potential treatment targets for gambling disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,10]],"date-time":"2023-08-10T10:41:53Z","timestamp":1691664113000},"page":"670-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Abnormal frontostriatal connectivity and serotonin function in gambling disorder: A\u00a0preliminary exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5874-5155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Albert","family":"Bellmunt-Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9144-2653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joonas","family":"Majuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eveliina","family":"Arponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-7093","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Valtteri","family":"Kaasinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3457-9415","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juho","family":"Joutsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Behavioural Processes","first-page":"345","article-title":"Pathological gambling severity is associated with impulsivity in a delay discounting procedure","volume":"64","author":"Alessi, S. M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alessi, S. M., & Petry, N. M. (2003). Pathological gambling severity is associated with impulsivity in a delay discounting procedure. Behavioural Processes, 64(3), 345\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0376-6357(03)00150-5."},{"key":"B2","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","article-title":"Intranasal as needed naloxone in the treatment of gambling disorder: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"125","author":"Alho, H.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alho, H., M\u00e4kel\u00e4, N., Isotalo, J., Toivonen, L., Ollikainen, J., & Castr\u00e9n, S. (2022). Intranasal as needed naloxone in the treatment of gambling disorder: A randomised controlled trial. Addictive Behaviors, 125, 107127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107127."},{"issue":"1","key":"B3","series-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antipsychotic drugs in cocaine dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"\u00c1lvarez, Y.","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez, Y., P\u00e9rez-Ma\u00f1\u00e1, C., Torrens, M., & Farr\u00e9, M. (2013). Antipsychotic drugs in cocaine dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 45(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.12.013."},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","series-title":"Addiction","first-page":"653","article-title":"Repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces cigarette craving and consumption","volume":"104","author":"Amiaz, R.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amiaz, R., Levy, D., Vainiger, D., Grunhaus, L., & Zangen, A. (2009). Repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex reduces cigarette craving and consumption. Addiction, 104(4), 653\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02448.x."},{"issue":"4","key":"B5","series-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences","first-page":"177","article-title":"Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: One decade on","volume":"18","author":"Aron, A. R.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aron, A. R., Robbins, T. W., & Poldrack, R. A. (2014). Inhibition and the right inferior frontal cortex: One decade on. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(4), 177\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2013.12.003."},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"95","article-title":"A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm","volume":"38","author":"Ashburner, J.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ashburner, J. (2007). A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm. NeuroImage, 38(1), 95\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007."},{"issue":"4","key":"B7","series-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Psychology","first-page":"333","article-title":"Gambling behavior and gambling problems in\u00a0Norway 2007","volume":"50","author":"Bakken, I. J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bakken, I. J., G\u00f6testam, K. G., Gr\u00e5we, R. W., Wenzel, H. G., & \u00d8ren, A. (2009). Gambling behavior and gambling problems in\u00a0Norway 2007. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(4), 333\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2009.00713.x."},{"issue":"8","key":"B8","series-title":"Biological Psychiatry","first-page":"749","article-title":"Diminished frontostriatal activity during processing of monetary rewards and losses in pathological gambling","volume":"71","author":"Balodis, I. M.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Balodis, I. M., Kober, H., Worhunsky, P. D., Stevens, M. C., Pearlson, G. D., & Potenza, M. N. (2012). Diminished frontostriatal activity during processing of monetary rewards and losses in pathological gambling. Biological Psychiatry, 71(8), 749\u2013757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.01.006."},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Motivation, Emotion and Personality","first-page":"137","article-title":"Impulsiveness subtraits: Arousal and information processing","volume":"99","author":"Barratt, E. S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Barratt, E. S. (1985). Impulsiveness subtraits: Arousal and information processing. Motivation, Emotion and Personality, 99, 137\u2013146."},{"issue":"11","key":"B10","series-title":"Nature Neuroscience","first-page":"1458","article-title":"Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: A neurocognitive perspective","volume":"8","author":"Bechara, A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bechara, A. (2005). Decision making, impulse control and loss of willpower to resist drugs: A neurocognitive perspective. Nature Neuroscience, 8(11), 1458\u20131463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn1584."},{"issue":"6","key":"B11","series-title":"Current Opinion in Neurology","first-page":"734","article-title":"Decision-making and impulse control after frontal lobe injuries","volume":"18","author":"Bechara, A.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bechara, A., & Van Der Linden, M. (2005). Decision-making and impulse control after frontal lobe injuries. Current Opinion in Neurology, 18(6), 734\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.wco.0000194141.56429.3c."},{"issue":"6","key":"B12","series-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry","first-page":"561","article-title":"Beck depression inventory (BDI)","volume":"4","author":"Beck, A. T.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Beck, A. T., Ward, C., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). Beck depression inventory (BDI). Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4(6), 561\u2013571."},{"issue":"4","key":"B13","series-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","first-page":"206","article-title":"An open-label trial of escitalopram in the treatment of pathological gambling","volume":"30","author":"Black, D. W.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Black, D. W., Shaw, M., Forbush, K. T., & Allen, J. (2007). An open-label trial of escitalopram in the treatment of pathological gambling. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 30(4), 206\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wnf.0b013e31803d357f."},{"issue":"5","key":"B14","series-title":"Addiction","first-page":"953","article-title":"The D2\/3 dopamine receptor in pathological gambling: A positron emission tomography study with [11C]-(+)-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin and [11C]raclopride","volume":"108","author":"Boileau, I.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boileau, I., Payer, D., Chugani, B., Lobo, D., Behzadi, A., Rusjan, P. M., \u2026 Zack, M. (2013). The D2\/3 dopamine receptor in pathological gambling: A positron emission tomography study with [11C]-(+)-propyl-hexahydro-naphtho-oxazin and [11C]raclopride. Addiction, 108(5), 953\u2013963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.12066."},{"issue":"12","key":"B15","series-title":"Molecular Psychiatry","article-title":"In vivo evidence for greater amphetamine-induced dopamine release in pathological gambling: A positron emission tomography study with [11C]-(+)-PHNO","volume":"19","author":"Boileau, I.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boileau, I., Payer, D., Chugani, B., Lobo, D. S. S., Houle, S., Wilson, A. A., \u2026 Zack, M. (2014). In vivo evidence for greater amphetamine-induced dopamine release in pathological gambling: A positron emission tomography study with [11C]-(+)-PHNO. Molecular Psychiatry, 19(12), Article 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2013.163."},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology","article-title":"Pathological gambling and the loss of willpower: A neurocognitive perspective","volume":"3","author":"Brevers, D.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brevers, D., & No\u00ebl, X. (2013). Pathological gambling and the loss of willpower: A neurocognitive perspective. Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology, 3(1), 21592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/snp.v3i0.21592."},{"issue":"3","key":"B17","series-title":"Addiction Biology","first-page":"688","article-title":"Increased ventral-striatal activity during monetary decision making is a marker of problem poker gambling severity","volume":"21","author":"Brevers, D.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brevers, D., No\u00ebl, X., He, Q., Melrose, J. A., & Bechara, A. (2016). Increased ventral-striatal activity during monetary decision making is a marker of problem poker gambling severity. Addiction Biology, 21(3), 688\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12239."},{"issue":"1","key":"B18","series-title":"Current Psychopharmacology","article-title":"Pathological gambling: Neuropsychopharmacology and treatment","volume":"1","author":"Bullock, S. A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bullock, S. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2012). Pathological gambling: Neuropsychopharmacology and treatment. Current Psychopharmacology, 1(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/2211556011201010067."},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","series-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","first-page":"91","article-title":"One session of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the right prefrontal cortex transiently reduces cocaine craving","volume":"86","author":"Camprodon, J. A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Camprodon, J. A., Mart\u00ednez-Raga, J., Alonso-Alonso, M., Shih, M.-C., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). One session of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the right prefrontal cortex transiently reduces cocaine craving. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86(1), 91\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.002."},{"issue":"9","key":"B20","series-title":"Plos One","article-title":"Altered brain activity during reward anticipation in pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"7","author":"Choi, J.-S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi, J.-S., Shin, Y.-C., Jung, W. H., Jang, J. H., Kang, D.-H., Choi, C.-H., \u2026 Kwon, J. S. (2012). Altered brain activity during reward anticipation in pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Plos One, 7(9), e45938. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0045938."},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"40","article-title":"Striatal dopamine D2\/D3 receptor binding in pathological gambling is correlated with mood-related impulsivity","volume":"63","author":"Clark, L.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clark, L., Stokes, P. R., Wu, K., Michalczuk, R., Benecke, A., Watson, B. J., \u2026 Lingford-Hughes, A. R. (2012). Striatal dopamine D2\/D3 receptor binding in pathological gambling is correlated with mood-related impulsivity. NeuroImage, 63(1), 40\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.06.067."},{"issue":"3","key":"B22","series-title":"Human Brain Mapping","first-page":"190","article-title":"Automatic 3-D model-based neuroanatomical segmentation","volume":"3","author":"Collins, D. L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Collins, D. L., Holmes, C. J., Peters, T. M., & Evans, A. C. (1995). Automatic 3-D model-based neuroanatomical segmentation. Human Brain Mapping, 3(3), 190\u2013208."},{"issue":"3","key":"B23","series-title":"Addiction Biology","first-page":"709","article-title":"Increased corticolimbic connectivity in cocaine dependence versus pathological gambling is associated with drug severity and emotion-related impulsivity","volume":"21","author":"Contreras-Rodr\u00edguez, O.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Contreras-Rodr\u00edguez, O., Albein-Urios, N., Vilar-L\u00f3pez, R., Perales, J. C., Mart\u00ednez-Gonzalez, J. M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Serrano, M. J., \u2026 Verdejo-Garc\u00eda, A. (2016). Increased corticolimbic connectivity in cocaine dependence versus pathological gambling is associated with drug severity and emotion-related impulsivity. Addiction Biology, 21(3), 709\u2013718."},{"issue":"3","key":"B24","series-title":"Addiction Biology","first-page":"593","article-title":"Fronto-striatal functional connectivity during response inhibition in alcohol dependence","volume":"18","author":"Courtney, K. E.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Courtney, K. E., Ghahremani, D. G., & Ray, L. A. (2013). Fronto-striatal functional connectivity during response inhibition in alcohol dependence. Addiction Biology, 18(3), 593\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12013."},{"issue":"1","key":"B25","series-title":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","first-page":"6","article-title":"Topiramate versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of pathological gambling: A randomized, blind-rater comparison study","volume":"28","author":"Dannon, P. N.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dannon, P. N., Lowengrub, K., Gonopolski, Y., Musin, E., & Kotler, M. (2005). Topiramate versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of pathological gambling: A randomized, blind-rater comparison study. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 28(1), 6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.wnf.0000152623.46474.07."},{"issue":"3","key":"B26","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"968","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"Desikan, R. S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Desikan, R. S., S\u00e9gonne, F., Fischl, B., Quinn, B. T., Dickerson, B. C., Blacker, D., \u2026 Killiany, R. J. (2006). An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest. NeuroImage, 31(3), 968\u2013980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021."},{"issue":"4","key":"B27","series-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine","first-page":"e15","article-title":"Pharmacological and psychosocial treatment of adults with gambling disorder: A meta-review","volume":"14","author":"Di Nicola, M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Nicola, M., De Crescenzo, F., D\u2019Al\u00f2, G. L., Remondi, C., Panaccione, I., Moccia, L., \u2026 Janiri, L. (2020). Pharmacological and psychosocial treatment of adults with gambling disorder: A meta-review. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 14(4), e15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000574."},{"issue":"1","key":"B28","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies","first-page":"1","article-title":"The prevalence of problem gambling in Denmark in 2005 and 2010: A sociodemographic and socioeconomic characterization","volume":"30","author":"Ekholm, O.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ekholm, O., Eiberg, S., Davidsen, M., Holst, M., Larsen, C. V. L., & Juel, K. (2014). The prevalence of problem gambling in Denmark in 2005 and 2010: A sociodemographic and socioeconomic characterization. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-012-9347-4."},{"issue":"28","key":"B29","series-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","first-page":"7900","article-title":"Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates","volume":"113","author":"Eklund, A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eklund, A., Nichols, T. E., & Knutsson, H. (2016). Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(28), 7900\u20137905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1602413113."},{"issue":"6068","key":"B30","series-title":"Science","first-page":"601","article-title":"Abnormal brain structure implicated in stimulant drug addiction","volume":"335","author":"Ersche, K. D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ersche, K. D., Jones, P. S., Williams, G. B., Turton, A. J., Robbins, T. W., & Bullmore, E. T. (2012). Abnormal brain structure implicated in stimulant drug addiction. Science, 335(6068), 601\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1214463."},{"issue":"1","key":"B31","series-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience","first-page":"2163","article-title":"Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug seeking habits and drug memories \u2013 indications for novel treatments of addiction","volume":"40","author":"Everitt, B. J.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Everitt, B. J. (2014). Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug seeking habits and drug memories \u2013 indications for novel treatments of addiction. European Journal of Neuroscience, 40(1), 2163\u20132182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.12644."},{"issue":"3","key":"B32","series-title":"Neuron","first-page":"341","article-title":"Whole brain segmentation: Automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain","volume":"33","author":"Fischl, B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fischl, B., Salat, D. H., Busa, E., Albert, M., Dieterich, M., Haselgrove, C., \u2026 Dale, A. M. (2002). Whole brain segmentation: Automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain. Neuron, 33(3), 341\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X."},{"issue":"3","key":"B33","series-title":"Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior","first-page":"298","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine for the treatment of video poker pathological gamblers","volume":"89","author":"Fong, T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fong, T., Kalechstein, A., Bernhard, B., Rosenthal, R., & Rugle, L. (2008). A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of olanzapine for the treatment of video poker pathological gamblers. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 89(3), 298\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2007.12.025."},{"issue":"4","key":"B34","series-title":"Translational Psychiatry","article-title":"Deficit of state-dependent risk attitude modulation in gambling disorder","volume":"7","author":"Fujimoto, A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fujimoto, A., Tsurumi, K., Kawada, R., Murao, T., Takeuchi, H., Murai, T., & Takahashi, H. (2017). Deficit of state-dependent risk attitude modulation in gambling disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 7(4), Article 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2017.55."},{"key":"B35","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"342","article-title":"Aberrant neural signatures of decision-making: Pathological gamblers display cortico-striatal hypersensitivity to extreme gambles","volume":"128","author":"Gelskov, S. V.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gelskov, S. V., Madsen, K. H., Rams\u00f8y, T. Z., & Siebner, H. R. (2016). Aberrant neural signatures of decision-making: Pathological gamblers display cortico-striatal hypersensitivity to extreme gambles. NeuroImage, 128, 342\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.01.002."},{"issue":"2","key":"B36","series-title":"British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","first-page":"375","article-title":"Pharmacological treatments in pathological gambling","volume":"77","author":"Grant, J. E.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., & Schreiber, L. R. N. (2014). Pharmacological treatments in pathological gambling. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 77(2), 375\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04457.x."},{"issue":"4","key":"B37","series-title":"International Clinical Psychopharmacology","first-page":"203","article-title":"Escitalopram treatment of pathological gambling with co-occurring anxiety: An open-label pilot study with double-blind discontinuation","volume":"21","author":"Grant, J. E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grant, J. E., & Potenza, M. N. (2006). Escitalopram treatment of pathological gambling with co-occurring anxiety: An open-label pilot study with double-blind discontinuation. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 21(4), 203\u2013209."},{"issue":"2","key":"B38","series-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry","first-page":"303","article-title":"Multicenter investigation of the opioid antagonist nalmefene in the treatment of pathological gambling","volume":"163","author":"Grant, J. E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grant, J. E., Potenza, M. N., Hollander, E., Cunningham-Williams, R., Nurminen, T., Smits, G., & Kallio, A. (2006). Multicenter investigation of the opioid antagonist nalmefene in the treatment of pathological gambling. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(2), 303\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.2.303."},{"issue":"11","key":"B39","series-title":"Human Brain Mapping","first-page":"1802","article-title":"Decreased neuronal activity in reward circuitry of pathological gamblers during processing of personal relevant stimuli","volume":"31","author":"de Greck, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Greck, M., Enzi, B., Pr\u00f6sch, U., Gantman, A., Tempelmann, C., & Northoff, G. (2010). Decreased neuronal activity in reward circuitry of pathological gamblers during processing of personal relevant stimuli. Human Brain Mapping, 31(11), 1802\u20131812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.20981."},{"issue":"4","key":"B40","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"279","article-title":"Parametric imaging of ligand-receptor binding in PET using a simplified reference region model","volume":"6","author":"Gunn, R. N.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gunn, R. N., Lammertsma, A. A., Hume, S. P., & Cunningham, V. J. (1997). Parametric imaging of ligand-receptor binding in PET using a simplified reference region model. NeuroImage, 6(4), 279\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/nimg.1997.0303."},{"issue":"9","key":"B41","series-title":"Biological Psychiatry","first-page":"813","article-title":"A randomized double-blind fluvoxamine\/placebo crossover trial in pathologic gambling","volume":"47","author":"Hollander, E.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hollander, E., DeCaria, C. M., Finkell, J. N., Begaz, T., Wong, C. M., & Cartwright, C. (2000). A randomized double-blind fluvoxamine\/placebo crossover trial in pathologic gambling. Biological Psychiatry, 47(9), 813\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00241-9."},{"issue":"5","key":"B42","series-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry","first-page":"710","article-title":"Treatment of pathological gambling with clomipramine","volume":"149","author":"Hollander, E.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hollander, E., Frenkel, M., Decaria, C., Trungold, S., & Stein, D. J. (1992). Treatment of pathological gambling with clomipramine. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(5), 710\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.149.5.710b."},{"issue":"12","key":"B43","series-title":"Biological Psychiatry","first-page":"1036","article-title":"Increased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in gambling addiction","volume":"83","author":"van Holst, R. J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Holst, R. J., Sescousse, G., Janssen, L. K., Janssen, M., Berry, A. S., Jagust, W. J., & Cools, R. (2018). Increased striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in gambling addiction. Biological Psychiatry, 83(12), 1036\u20131043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.06.010."},{"issue":"6","key":"B44","series-title":"JAMA Psychiatry","first-page":"584","article-title":"Impaired functional connectivity within and between frontostriatal circuits and its association with compulsive drug use and trait impulsivity in cocaine addiction","volume":"72","author":"Hu, Y.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu, Y., Salmeron, B. J., Gu, H., Stein, E. A., & Yang, Y. (2015). Impaired functional connectivity within and between frontostriatal circuits and its association with compulsive drug use and trait impulsivity in cocaine addiction. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(6), 584\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance of an image-based motion compensation algorithm for the hrrt: A striatum-phantom study with true motion","author":"Johansson, J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johansson, J., Keller, S., Tuisku, J., & Ter\u00e4s, M. (2016). Performance of an image-based motion compensation algorithm for the hrrt: A striatum-phantom study with true motion. In 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference and Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detector Workshop (NSS\/MIC\/RTSD), 1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NSSMIC.2016.8069586."},{"issue":"5","key":"B46","series-title":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","first-page":"1505","article-title":"Performance evaluation of the ECAT HRRT: An LSO-LYSO double layer high resolution, high sensitivity scanner","volume":"52","author":"Jong, H. W. A. M. de","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jong, H. W. A. M. de, Velden, F. H. P. van, Kloet, R. W., Buijs, F. L., Boellaard, R., & Lammertsma, A. A. (2007). Performance evaluation of the ECAT HRRT: An LSO-LYSO double layer high resolution, high sensitivity scanner. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 52(5), 1505\u20131526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/5\/019."},{"issue":"4","key":"B47","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"1992","article-title":"Mesolimbic dopamine release is linked to symptom severity in pathological gambling","volume":"60","author":"Joutsa, J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Joutsa, J., Johansson, J., Niemel\u00e4, S., Ollikainen, A., Hirvonen, M. M., Piepponen, P., \u2026 Kaasinen, V. (2012). Mesolimbic dopamine release is linked to symptom severity in pathological gambling. NeuroImage, 60(4), 1992\u20131999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.006."},{"key":"B48","series-title":"Neuroscience Letters","first-page":"120","article-title":"Decreased connectivity of the default mode network in pathological gambling: A resting state functional MRI study","volume":"583","author":"Jung, M. H.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jung, M. H., Kim, J.-H., Shin, Y.-C., Jung, W. H., Jang, J. H., Choi, J.-S., \u2026 Kwon, J. S. (2014). Decreased connectivity of the default mode network in pathological gambling: A resting state functional MRI study. Neuroscience Letters, 583, 120\u2013125."},{"issue":"2","key":"B49","series-title":"Addiction Biology","article-title":"Serotonergic and dopaminergic control of impulsivity in gambling disorder","volume":"28","author":"Kaasinen, V.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaasinen, V., Honkanen, E. A., Lindholm, K., Jaakkola, E., Majuri, J., Parkkola, R., \u2026 Sepp\u00e4nen, M. (2023). Serotonergic and dopaminergic control of impulsivity in gambling disorder. Addiction Biology, 28(2), e13264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13264."},{"issue":"6","key":"B50","series-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","first-page":"4776","article-title":"A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of paroxetine in the treatment of pathological gambling","volume":"63","author":"Kim, S. W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kim, S. W., Grant, J. E., Adson, D. E., & Zaninelli, R. (2002). A double-blind placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of paroxetine in the treatment of pathological gambling. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(6), 4776."},{"issue":"12","key":"B51","series-title":"Plos One","article-title":"Increased functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and reward system in pathological gambling","volume":"8","author":"Koehler, S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koehler, S., Ovadia-Caro, S., van der Meer, E., Villringer, A., Heinz, A., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., & Margulies, D. S. (2013). Increased functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and reward system in pathological gambling. Plos One, 8(12), e84565."},{"issue":"1","key":"B52","series-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology","first-page":"217","article-title":"Neurocircuitry of addiction","volume":"35","author":"Koob, G. F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2010). Neurocircuitry of addiction. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(1), 217\u2013238."},{"issue":"8","key":"B53","series-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry","first-page":"760","article-title":"Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis","volume":"3","author":"Koob, G. F.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: A neurocircuitry analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 760\u2013773."},{"issue":"2","key":"B54","series-title":"European Addiction Research","first-page":"70","article-title":"A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of as-needed naltrexone in the treatment of pathological gambling","volume":"22","author":"Kovanen, L.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kovanen, L., Basnet, S., Castr\u00e9n, S., Pankakoski, M., Saarikoski, S. T., Partonen, T., \u2026 Lahti, T. (2016). A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of as-needed naltrexone in the treatment of pathological gambling. European Addiction Research, 22(2), 70\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000435876."},{"issue":"3","key":"B55","series-title":"Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy","first-page":"287","article-title":"Current pharmacotherapy for gambling disorder: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Kraus, S. W.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kraus, S. W., Etuk, R., & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Current pharmacotherapy for gambling disorder: A systematic review. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 21(3), 287\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14656566.2019.1702969."},{"issue":"9","key":"B56","series-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry","article-title":"The South Oaks gambling screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers","volume":"144","author":"Lesieur, H. R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lesieur, H. R., & Blume, S. B. (1987). The South Oaks gambling screen (SOGS): A new instrument for the identification of pathological gamblers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(9) (l)."},{"issue":"1","key":"B57","series-title":"Translational Psychiatry","article-title":"Altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in gambling disorder: A multicenter study","volume":"9","author":"Li, Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, Z., Boileau, I., Dreher, J.-C., Gelskov, S., Genauck, A., \u2026 Sescousse, G. (2019). Altered orbitofrontal sulcogyral patterns in gambling disorder: A multicenter study. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), Article 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-019-0520-8."},{"key":"B58","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dopamine synthesis capacity correlates with \u00b5-opioid receptor availability in the human basal ganglia: A triple-tracer PET study","volume":"183","author":"Majuri, J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Majuri, J., Joutsa, J., Arponen, E., Forsback, S., & Kaasinen, V. (2018). Dopamine synthesis capacity correlates with \u00b5-opioid receptor availability in the human basal ganglia: A triple-tracer PET study. NeuroImage, 183, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.07.069."},{"issue":"5","key":"B59","series-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology","article-title":"Dopamine and opioid neurotransmission in behavioral addictions: A comparative PET study in pathological gambling and binge eating","volume":"42","author":"Majuri, J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Majuri, J., Joutsa, J., Johansson, J., Voon, V., Alakurtti, K., Parkkola, R., \u2026 Kaasinen, V. (2017). Dopamine and opioid neurotransmission in behavioral addictions: A comparative PET study in pathological gambling and binge eating. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(5), Article 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2016.265."},{"issue":"12","key":"B60","series-title":"European Neuropsychopharmacology","first-page":"1281","article-title":"Serotonin transporter density in binge eating disorder and pathological gambling: A PET study with [11C]MADAM","volume":"27","author":"Majuri, J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Majuri, J., Joutsa, J., Johansson, J., Voon, V., Parkkola, R., Alho, H., \u2026 Kaasinen, V. (2017). Serotonin transporter density in binge eating disorder and pathological gambling: A PET study with [11C]MADAM. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 27(12), 1281\u20131288. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.09.007."},{"issue":"1412","key":"B61","series-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences","first-page":"1293","article-title":"A probabilistic atlas and reference system for the human brain: International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM)","volume":"356","author":"Mazziotta, J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mazziotta, J., Toga, A., Evans, A., Fox, P., Lancaster, J., Zilles, K., \u2026 Pike, B. (2001). A probabilistic atlas and reference system for the human brain: International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 356(1412), 1293\u20131322."},{"issue":"3","key":"B62","series-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","article-title":"Olanzapine in the treatment of pathological gambling: A negative randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"69","author":"McElroy, S. L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"McElroy, S. L., Nelson, E. B., Welge, J. A., Kaehler, L., & Keck, P. E. (2008). Olanzapine in the treatment of pathological gambling: A negative randomized placebo-controlled trial. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(3), 13214."},{"issue":"3","key":"B63","series-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging","first-page":"165","article-title":"Neurobiological correlates of problem gambling in a quasi-realistic blackjack scenario as revealed by fMRI","volume":"181","author":"Miedl, S. F.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miedl, S. F., Fehr, T., Meyer, G., & Herrmann, M. (2010). Neurobiological correlates of problem gambling in a quasi-realistic blackjack scenario as revealed by fMRI. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 181(3), 165\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2009.11.008."},{"issue":"2","key":"B64","series-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry","first-page":"177","article-title":"Altered neural reward representations in pathological gamblers revealed by delay and probability discounting","volume":"69","author":"Miedl, S. F.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miedl, S. F., Peters, J., & B\u00fcchel, C. (2012). Altered neural reward representations in pathological gamblers revealed by delay and probability discounting. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(2), 177\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1552."},{"issue":"1","key":"B65","series-title":"Addiction","first-page":"49","article-title":"Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in alcohol dependence: A sham-controlled study","volume":"105","author":"Mishra, B. R.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mishra, B. R., Nizamie, S. H., Das, B., & Praharaj, S. K. (2010). Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in alcohol dependence: A sham-controlled study. Addiction, 105(1), 49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02777.x."},{"key":"B66","series-title":"Brain Research","first-page":"117","article-title":"Fronto-striatal circuits in response-inhibition: Relevance to addiction","volume":"1628","author":"Morein-Zamir, S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morein-Zamir, S., & Robbins, T. W. (2015). Fronto-striatal circuits in response-inhibition: Relevance to addiction. Brain Research, 1628, 117\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.09.012."},{"key":"B67","series-title":"Handbook of functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging methods in CONN","author":"Nieto-Castanon, A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nieto-Castanon, A. (2020). Handbook of functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging methods in CONN."},{"issue":"4","key":"B68","series-title":"Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism","first-page":"584","article-title":"Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. Generalizations","volume":"5","author":"Patlak, C. S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Patlak, C. S., & Blasberg, R. G. (1985). Graphical evaluation of blood-to-brain transfer constants from multiple-time uptake data. Generalizations. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 5(4), 584\u2013590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jcbfm.1985.87."},{"issue":"7106","key":"B69","series-title":"Nature","article-title":"Dopamine-dependent prediction errors underpin reward-seeking behaviour in humans","volume":"442","author":"Pessiglione, M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pessiglione, M., Seymour, B., Flandin, G., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Dopamine-dependent prediction errors underpin reward-seeking behaviour in humans. Nature, 442(7106), Article 7106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature05051."},{"issue":"8","key":"B70","series-title":"Psychiatric Services","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Prevalence, assessment, and treatment of pathological gambling: A review","volume":"50","author":"Petry, N. M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Petry, N. M., & Armentano, C. (1999). Prevalence, assessment, and treatment of pathological gambling: A review. Psychiatric Services, 50(8), 1021\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ps.50.8.1021."},{"key":"B71","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","first-page":"246","article-title":"Dopaminergic and clinical correlates of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in gambling addiction: A SPECT case study","volume":"93","author":"Pettorruso, M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pettorruso, M., Di Giuda, D., Martinotti, G., Cocciolillo, F., De Risio, L., Montemitro, C., \u2026 di Giannantonio, M. (2019). Dopaminergic and clinical correlates of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in gambling addiction: A SPECT case study. Addictive Behaviors, 93, 246\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.02.013."},{"key":"B72","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation targets and approaches to modulate gambling-related decisions: A systematic review","volume":"112","author":"Pettorruso, M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pettorruso, M., Miuli, A., Di Natale, C., Montemitro, C., Zoratto, F., De Risio, L., \u2026 di Giannantonio, M. (2021). Non-invasive brain stimulation targets and approaches to modulate gambling-related decisions: A systematic review. Addictive Behaviors, 112, 106657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106657."},{"issue":"1507","key":"B73","series-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","first-page":"3181","article-title":"The neurobiology of pathological gambling and drug addiction: An overview and new findings","volume":"363","author":"Potenza, M. N.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Potenza, M. N. (2008). The neurobiology of pathological gambling and drug addiction: An overview and new findings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 363(1507), 3181\u20133189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2008.0100."},{"key":"B74","series-title":"Gambling and problem gambling: Finnish gambling 2019: Prevalence of at-risk gambling has decreased","author":"Salonen, A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salonen, A., Hagfors, H., Lind, K., & Kontto, J. (2020). Gambling and problem gambling: Finnish gambling 2019: Prevalence of at-risk gambling has decreased."},{"issue":"6","key":"B75","series-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)","first-page":"791","article-title":"Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption--II","volume":"88","author":"Saunders, J. B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT): WHO collaborative project on early detection of persons with harmful alcohol consumption--II. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 88(6), 791\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x."},{"issue":"1","key":"B76","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","first-page":"126","article-title":"Both active and sham low-frequency rTMS single sessions over the right DLPFC decrease cue-induced cravings among pathological gamblers seeking treatment: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover trial","volume":"7","author":"Sauvaget, A.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sauvaget, A., Bulteau, S., Guilleux, A., Leboucher, J., Pichot, A., Valrivi\u00e8re, P., \u2026 Grall-Bronnec, M. (2018). Both active and sham low-frequency rTMS single sessions over the right DLPFC decrease cue-induced cravings among pathological gamblers seeking treatment: A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled crossover trial. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(1), 126\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.14."},{"key":"B77","series-title":"A neural substrate of prediction and reward","author":"Schultz, W.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward. Science. https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1126\/science.275.5306.1593."},{"issue":"8","key":"B78","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"2527","article-title":"Imbalance in the sensitivity to different types of rewards in pathological gambling","volume":"136","author":"Sescousse, G.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sescousse, G., Barbalat, G., Domenech, P., & Dreher, J.-C. (2013). Imbalance in the sensitivity to different types of rewards in pathological gambling. Brain, 136(8), 2527\u20132538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awt126."},{"issue":"10","key":"B79","series-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology","article-title":"Amplified striatal responses to near-miss outcomes in pathological gamblers","volume":"41","author":"Sescousse, G.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sescousse, G., Janssen, L. K., Hashemi, M. M., Timmer, M. H. M., Geurts, D. E. M., ter Huurne, N. P., \u2026 Cools, R. (2016). Amplified striatal responses to near-miss outcomes in pathological gamblers. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(10), Article 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2016.43."},{"issue":"3","key":"B80","series-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health","first-page":"168","article-title":"Updating and refining prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behaviour in the United States and Canada","volume":"92","author":"Shaffer, H. J.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shaffer, H. J., & Hall, M. N. (2001). Updating and refining prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behaviour in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 168\u2013172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03404298."},{"issue":"9","key":"B81","series-title":"American Journal of Public Health","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: A research synthesis","volume":"89","author":"Shaffer, H. J.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shaffer, H. J., Hall, M. N., & Vander Bilt, J. (1999). Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada: A research synthesis. American Journal of Public Health, 89(9), 1369\u20131376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1369."},{"issue":"6","key":"B82","series-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","first-page":"553","article-title":"Global prevalence of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Stevens, M. W.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stevens, M. W., Dorstyn, D., Delfabbro, P. H., & King, D. L. (2021). Global prevalence of gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 55(6), 553\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867420962851."},{"issue":"1","key":"B83","series-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","first-page":"5","article-title":"The neurobiology of addiction","volume":"1451","author":"Uhl, G. R.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uhl, G. R., Koob, G. F., & Cable, J. (2019). The neurobiology of addiction. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1451(1), 5\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13989."},{"issue":"4","key":"B84","series-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","first-page":"777","article-title":"Impulsivity as\u00a0a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: Review of\u00a0findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies","volume":"32","author":"Verdejo-Garc\u00eda, A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Verdejo-Garc\u00eda, A., Lawrence, A. J., & Clark, L. (2008). Impulsivity as\u00a0a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: Review of\u00a0findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(4), 777\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.11.003."},{"issue":"12","key":"B85","series-title":"Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Pharmacotherapeutics for substance-use disorders: A focus on dopaminergic medications","volume":"22","author":"Verrico, C. D.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verrico, C. D., Haile, C. N., Newton, T. F., Kosten, T. R., & Garza, R. D. L. (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for substance-use disorders: A focus on dopaminergic medications. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 22(12), 1549\u20131568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/13543784.2013.836488."},{"issue":"10","key":"B86","series-title":"Current Neuropharmacology","first-page":"1418","article-title":"Opioid antagonists for pharmacological treatment of gambling disorder: Are they relevant?","volume":"16","author":"Victorri-Vigneau, C.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Victorri-Vigneau, C., Spiers, A., Caillet, P., Bruneau, M., IGNACE-consortium, Challet-Bouju, G., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2018). Opioid antagonists for pharmacological treatment of gambling disorder: Are they relevant? Current Neuropharmacology, 16(10), 1418\u20131432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X15666170718144058."},{"issue":"4","key":"B87","series-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica","first-page":"250","article-title":"Prevalence and risks of pathological gambling in Sweden","volume":"104","author":"Volberg, R. A.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volberg, R. A., Abbott, M. W., R\u00f6nnberg, S., & Munck, I. M. (2001). Prevalence and risks of pathological gambling in Sweden. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 104(4), 250\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00336.x."},{"issue":"12","key":"B88","series-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Low level of brain dopamine D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: Association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"158","author":"Volkow, N. D.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volkow, N. D., Chang, L., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Ding, Y.-S., Sedler, M., \u2026 Pappas, N. (2001). Low level of brain dopamine D2 receptors in methamphetamine abusers: Association with metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(12), 2015\u20132021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.12.2015."},{"key":"B89","series-title":"Neuropharmacology","first-page":"3","article-title":"Imaging dopamine\u2019s role in drug abuse and addiction","volume":"56","author":"Volkow, N. D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G. J., Baler, R., & Telang, F. (2009). Imaging dopamine\u2019s role in drug abuse and addiction. Neuropharmacology, 56, 3\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.05.022."},{"issue":"4","key":"B90","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"712","article-title":"The brain on drugs: From reward to addiction","volume":"162","author":"Volkow, N. D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Volkow, N. D., & Morales, M. (2015). The brain on drugs: From reward to addiction. Cell, 162(4), 712\u2013725. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.046."},{"issue":"46","key":"B91","series-title":"Journal of Neuroscience","first-page":"12700","article-title":"Profound decreases in dopamine release in striatum in detoxified alcoholics: Possible orbitofrontal involvement","volume":"27","author":"Volkow, N. D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Telang, F., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Jayne, M., \u2026 Wong, C. (2007). Profound decreases in dopamine release in striatum in detoxified alcoholics: Possible orbitofrontal involvement. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(46), 12700\u201312706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3371-07.2007."},{"issue":"3","key":"B92","series-title":"Plos One","article-title":"Altered fronto-striatal and fronto-cerebellar circuits in heroin-dependent individuals: A resting-state FMRI study","volume":"8","author":"Wang, Y.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Li, Q., Li, W., Wu, N., Zheng, Y., \u2026 Wang, W. (2013). Altered fronto-striatal and fronto-cerebellar circuits in heroin-dependent individuals: A resting-state FMRI study. Plos One, 8(3), e58098."},{"issue":"4","key":"B93","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies","first-page":"313","article-title":"Gambling participation in the U.S.\u2014results from a national survey","volume":"18","author":"Welte, J. W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Welte, J. W., Barnes, G. M., Wieczorek, W. F., Tidwell, M.-C., & Parker, J. (2002). Gambling participation in the U.S.\u2014results from a national survey. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(4), 313\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1021019915591."},{"issue":"2","key":"B94","series-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry","first-page":"134","article-title":"Gambling disorder and other behavioral addictions: Recognition and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Yau, Y. H. C.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yau, Y. H. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2015). Gambling disorder and other behavioral addictions: Recognition and treatment. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 23(2), 134\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000051."},{"issue":"1","key":"B95","series-title":"Addiction Biology","first-page":"394","article-title":"Gray-matter relationships to diagnostic and transdiagnostic features of drug and behavioral addictions","volume":"23","author":"Yip, S. W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yip, S. W., Worhunsky, P. D., Xu, J., Morie, K. P., Constable, R. T., Malison, R. T., \u2026 Potenza, M. N. (2018). Gray-matter relationships to diagnostic and transdiagnostic features of drug and behavioral addictions. Addiction Biology, 23(1), 394\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12492."},{"issue":"6","key":"B96","series-title":"Brain Stimulation","first-page":"867","article-title":"Effects of high frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation and continuous theta burst stimulation on gambling reinforcement, delay discounting, and stroop interference in men with pathological gambling","volume":"9","author":"Zack, M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zack, M., Cho, S. S., Parlee, J., Jacobs, M., Li, C., Boileau, I., & Strafella, A. (2016). Effects of high frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation and continuous theta burst stimulation on gambling reinforcement, delay discounting, and stroop interference in men with pathological gambling. Brain Stimulation, 9(6), 867\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brs.2016.06.003."},{"issue":"3","key":"B97","series-title":"Addiction Biology","first-page":"864","article-title":"Frontal cortex gray matter volume alterations in pathological gambling occur independently from substance use disorder","volume":"22","author":"Zois, E.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zois, E., Kiefer, F., Lemenager, T., Vollst\u00e4dt-Klein, S., Mann, K., & Fauth-B\u00fchler, M. (2017). Frontal cortex gray matter volume alterations in pathological gambling occur independently from substance use disorder. Addiction Biology, 22(3), 864\u2013872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12368."}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/12\/3\/article-p670.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/12\/3\/article-p670.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/12\/3\/article-p670.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T10:58:36Z","timestamp":1696589916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/12\/3\/article-p670.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2023.00037","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]}}}