{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T05:09:39Z","timestamp":1784264979316,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"16 SOS-Spielsucht-Cantons, Health Promotion Switzerland"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018328","name":"Canton of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018328","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Problem gambling constitutes a public health concern associated with psychopathological comorbidity, substance use, and financial difficulties. Most individuals with gambling problems avoid counseling services due to perceived stigma and their preference for self-reliance. Treatment accessibility could be improved through web-based interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recruited 360 individuals with gambling problems and randomized them to a web-based intervention (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 185) or an active control group consisting of a self-help manual for problem gambling (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 175). The primary outcome was the number of days of gambling in the last 30 days. Secondary outcomes included money spent in the last 30 days, time gambling in the last 7 days, gambling-related problems, consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, and psychopathological comorbidity measured at posttreatment and 6-month follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome decreased significantly for both groups, with no significant difference between the groups. There were significant group\u2009\u00d7\u2009time interactions according to the\u00a0Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 8.83, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;0 .001), the Problem Gambling Severity Index (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 3.54, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.030), for cigarettes smoked in the last 7 days (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 26.68, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 19.41, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;0 .001), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> = 41.09, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt;0 .001) favoring the intervention group. We experienced an overall high dropout rate (76%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Win Back Control seems to be an effective low-threshold treatment option for individuals with gambling problems that might otherwise be unapproachable for outpatient treatment services. Nevertheless, the high dropout rate should be considered when interpreting the study results, as they may have introduced\u00a0a degree of variability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T11:36:45Z","timestamp":1693913805000},"page":"744-757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effectiveness of a web-based self-help tool\u00a0to\u00a0reduce problem gambling: A\u00a0randomized\u00a0controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3693-0168","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Boumparis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5570-7607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9630-0547","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Doris","family":"Malischnig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Addiction Prevention, Addiction and Drug Coordination Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4818-4681","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andreas","family":"Wenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3861-3297","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sophia","family":"Achab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical and Sociological Research Unit, University of Geneva, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Treatment Centre ReConnecte, Addiction Division, University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8549-6599","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yasser","family":"Khazaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Montreal University, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8567-2874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Keough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2737-5200","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David C.","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4656-0831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elena","family":"Bilevicius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7047-4402","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alanna","family":"Single","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6539-5045","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Severin","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8375-4005","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael P","family":"Schaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Public Health","first-page":"56","article-title":"Gambling and gambling-related harm: Recent world health organization initiatives","volume":"184","author":"Abbott, M. 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