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This study aimed to provide insights into the association between testosterone levels (i.e., the androgen more intimately linked to sexual desire and arousability) and CSB in both men and women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 80 participants (40 men [<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>age = 22.31; <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 2.93] and 40 women [<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>age = 21.79; <jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic> = 2.06]) provided a saliva sample for the estimation of the level of free testosterone and completed a battery of measures assessing CSB and other related sexual domains (sexual sensation seeking and online\/offline sexual behavior).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In men, salivary testosterone had a positive and significant correlation with three scales assessing CSB (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> between 0.316 and 0.334). In women, these correlations were small and non-significant (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> between 0.011 and 0.079). In both men and women, the level of salivary testosterone had small non-significant correlations with the other domains of sexual behavior assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals' level of testosterone may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of CSB, but only in men. In women, alternative psychological \u2013i.e., motivational, behavioral, or cognitive\u2013 processes may be playing a more central role in the expression of this condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T06:46:56Z","timestamp":1692427616000},"page":"847-854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Salivary testosterone levels are associated with Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) in men but not in women in a community sample"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4421-1144","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rafael","family":"Ballester-Arnal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6611-9643","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Castro-Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia-Estudi General, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9316-6733","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Garc\u00eda-Barba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7698-7479","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan Enrique","family":"Nebot-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia-Estudi General, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4985-1327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mar\u00eda Dolores","family":"Gil-Llario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia-Estudi General, Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","first-page":"643","article-title":"Treatments and interventions for compulsive sexual behavior disorder with a focus on problematic pornography use: A preregistered systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Antons, S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Antons, S., Engel, J., Briken, P., Kr\u00fcger, T. 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