{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:34:24Z","timestamp":1789176864822,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gaming disorder (GD) screening often involves self-report survey measures to detect the presence of symptoms. Studies have shown that gamers' responses vary greatly across survey items. Some symptoms, such as preoccupation and tolerance, are frequently reported by highly engaged but non-problematic gamers, and therefore these symptoms are thought to lack specificity and are suggested to be less important in classification decisions. We argue that the influence of response categories (e.g., dichotomous responses, such as \u2018yes\u2019 or \u2018no\u2019; or frequency categories, such as \u2018rarely\u2019 and \u2018often\u2019) on item responses has been relatively underexplored despite potentially contributing significantly to the psychometric performance of items and scales. In short, the type of item response may be just as important to symptom reporting as the content of survey questions. We propose some practical alternatives to currently used item categories across GD tools. Research should examine the performance of different response categories, including whether certain response categories aid respondents' comprehension and insight, and better capture pathological behaviours and harms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T14:35:19Z","timestamp":1701700519000},"page":"873-877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Reconsidering item response categories in gaming disorder symptoms measurement"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1762-2581","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6761-2907","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abel","family":"Nogueira-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Le\u00f3n, Le\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9612-4192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christina R.","family":"Galanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0719-1001","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Toshitaka","family":"Hamamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4813-0309","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian","family":"B\u00e4cklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6313-4290","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Giardina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7388-6194","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00ebl","family":"Billieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre for Excessive Gambling, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospitals (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0466-5611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paul H.","family":"Delfabbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","first-page":"285","article-title":"Functional impairment matters in the screening and diagnosis of gaming disorder: Commentary on: Scholars\u2019 open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal (Aarseth et\u00a0al.)","volume":"6","author":"Billieux, J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Billieux, J., King, D. 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