{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:33:51Z","timestamp":1793381631023,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728000000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Problem gambling (PG) represents a significant public health concern with widespread effects in various cultures and regions globally, with younger individuals and males at a particularly higher risk. This disparity is attributed to a mix of cultural, developmental, and biological influences. To date, there has not been a comprehensive examination to determine whether this risk pattern holds consistently across different jurisdictions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA framework, identifying 21 eligible studies from 18 countries, encompassing 156,249 participants (47.6% male and 52.4% female).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The studies varied considerably by region (Asia: 19%, Europe: 52%, Oceania: 19%, North America: 10%), the diagnostic criteria for PG, and participation rates in gambling (ranging from 12% to 92%). Data on PG prevalence was categorised by gender and three age groups (young: 18\u201335, middle: 30\u201355, and older: 45\u201365). Using a random-effects meta-analysis, we found a global PG prevalence of 1.9%. Europe reported a significantly lower prevalence (1.3%) compared to North America (5.3%). Men were found to be 3.4 times more likely than women to engage in problem gambling, although the gap narrows in North America. The young demographic showed a 1.51 times higher likelihood of reporting PG compared to the\u00a0middle-aged group, whereas older adults were 0.80 times less likely to report PG. Notably, age-related effects varied significantly across regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings confirm that age and gender significantly influence PG risk across cultures, with significant heterogeneity observed across jurisdictions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T13:44:52Z","timestamp":1726235092000},"page":"702-715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["The influence of age on gambling problems worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk among younger, middle-aged, and older adults"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2835-5062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgia","family":"Dellosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Health & Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2668-6229","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Medical, Health & Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies","first-page":"237","article-title":"Comparing the New Zealand and Swedish national surveys of gambling and problem gambling","volume":"20","author":"Abbott, M. 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