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Therefore, the present case-control study evaluated the psychiatric comorbidities and associative factors of GD and HG based on ICD-11 criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A sample of 60 individuals with GD, 45 with HG, and 120 controls were assessed with an ICD-11 criteria-based diagnostic interview along with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive disorder, and social anxiety disorder\u00a0(SAD). Participants also completed Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT), Dickman's Impulsivity Inventory, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Behavior Inhibition System and Behavior Approach System Scales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GD was associated with ADHD, depressive disorder, and GAD. ADHD was the most associative comorbidity of HG. Depressive disorder was associated with GD relative to HG. Moreover, individuals with lower reappraisal, higher aversion sensitivity, and impulsivity were more likely to be diagnosed with GD. Those with higher fun-seeking were more likely to be diagnosed with HG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, ADHD was the psychiatric comorbidity most significantly associated with GD, followed by depressive disorder and GAD, as previously reported for IGD. ADHD was also associated with HG. Depressive disorder was more associated with GD compared to HG. Intervention for HG and GD should be tailored by the consideration of the clients' psychiatric comorbidity as well as their reappraisal skills, impulsivity, aversion sensitivity, and fun-seeking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T15:10:13Z","timestamp":1733411413000},"page":"1014-1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A case-control study for psychiatric comorbidity\u00a0and associative factors of gaming\u00a0disorder and hazardous gaming based\u00a0on\u00a0ICD-11 criteria: Cognitive control, emotion regulation, and reinforcement sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7865-5299","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ju-Yu","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Gangshan Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9981-4212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orsolya","family":"Kir\u00e1ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-6524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5604-7551","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zsolt","family":"Demetrovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, ELTE E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, Budapest, Hungary"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar"},{"name":"College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8034-0221","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chih-Hung","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Psychiatria Danubina","first-page":"344","article-title":"Correlation among experiential avoidance, anxiety sensitivity and behavioral inhibition system in generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder patients","volume":"35","author":"Akdeniz Gorgulu, S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akdeniz Gorgulu, S., Baykan, H., & Karlidere, T. 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