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Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["K12GM150451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12GM150451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Video games are a common form of entertainment in adolescents, which may result in gaming habits characterized by impairment to reward-related decision-making. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between reward processing and symptoms of gaming addiction in adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from three consecutive follow-up years (years 2, 3 and 4) of the\u00a0Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study were analyzed (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6,143, total observations\u00a0= 12,745, mean age at year-2 = 12 years). Participants completed the Video Game Addiction Questionnaire (VGAQ) at each visit. Discrete stages of reward processing were measured at the year-2 visit using the Monetary Incentive Delay task while the participant completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan. Bayesian hierarchical linear models were employed to examine the longitudinal association between reward processing in regions of interest at year-2 and VGAQ scores over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower activation in the bilateral caudate during the anticipation of a large reward (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.87, 95% CI: \u22121.68, \u22120.07) was associated with greater VGAQ scores over time. This implies that for each one-unit increase in brain activity in the caudate, there was an associated 0.87-point decrease in symptoms of gaming addiction as measured by the VGAQ. No association was found between reward feedback and VGAQ scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings suggest that abnormal reward processing in the caudate nucleus is associated with symptoms of gaming addiction in adolescents. These results provide a clearer understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in gaming addiction, which could inform future preventive and therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T16:57:14Z","timestamp":1733763434000},"page":"1051-1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The longitudinal association between reward processing and symptoms of video game addiction in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7358-2609","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Frederick J. and Marion A. Schindler Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, The Ernest J. 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Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7581-8796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edwin","family":"van Wijngaarden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1148-1976","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wesley K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8570-6325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edward G.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Frederick J. and Marion A. 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