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Drawing on similarities with addiction models, this study explores the neuronal mechanisms of CSB\u00a0through the use of appetitive conditioning and extinction with erotic and monetary rewards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-two heterosexual males struggling with CSB (age: 28.9 \u00b1 7.1), and 31 healthy matched participants (age: 27.8 \u00b1 5.6) underwent active appetitive conditioning and extinction tasks in fMRI. The effects of conditioning and extinction towards cues of erotic and monetary rewards were measured via self-assessment (valence and arousal rating towards cues), behavior (reaction times), and brain reactivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conditioning, subjective ratings increased, and reaction times were faster for both erotic and monetary cues among participants with CSB, along with altered activity in ventral striatum (vStr), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and anterior orbitofrontal cortex (aOFC). In extinction, self-assessment ratings remained elevated in the CSB group for both cues in a non-reward-specific fashion, accompanied by altered activity of dACC and vStr.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest enhanced incentive salience attribution to conditioned cues, highlighting a generalized motivational and value-related transfer from rewards to the cues in participants with CSB. Additionally, despite the absence of rewards, the persistence of arousal and valence towards cues underscored the maladaptive extinction process. These insights advance the understanding of CSB's neurobiological underpinnings and its relation to addiction frameworks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T14:16:18Z","timestamp":1740665778000},"page":"191-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhanced conditioning and disrupted extinction processes in men struggling with compulsive sexual behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-5766","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jakub","family":"Wojciechowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioimaging Research Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Neurobiology of Emotions Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2760-7796","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Draps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6806-9707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ewa","family":"Kublik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology of Emotions Laboratory, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina","family":"Dubiejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioimaging Research Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6473-8392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Wolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioimaging Research Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9691-1102","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Gola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computations, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"European Addiction Research","first-page":"1","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between sexual compulsivity and attentional bias to sex-related words in a cohort of sexually active individuals","volume":"23","author":"Albery, I. 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