{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:28:16Z","timestamp":1790011696572,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is growing evidence regarding the overlap between trading behaviors and gambling. However, problematic trading behaviors are often assessed using gambling-related instruments, which may not fully capture the nuances of trading. The present study developed and evaluated the psychometric properties of the Trading Disorder Scale (TDS), grounded in in the research criteria proposed by Guglielmo et\u00a0al. (2016), based on DSM-5 criteria for gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional survey was administered to 403 Spanish amateur traders. The TDS was tested for reliability, validity, and factorial structure. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify patterns of disordered trading.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      EFA and CFA supported a one-factor solution for the TDS, which showed strong internal consistency (\u03c9\n                      <jats:sub>\n                        <jats:italic>u<\/jats:italic>\n                        -cat\n                      <\/jats:sub>\n                      = 0.938, KR-20 = 0.877). The scale showed good concurrent validity with PGSI (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.559) and good convergent validity with trading-related variables. LCA identified three classes: non-disordered trading (72.2%), at-risk trading (17.6%), and disordered trading (10.2%). Individuals in the disordered trading group scored higher on TDS, traded more frequently, monitored markets more intensively, and exhibited higher rates of problem gambling (PGSI\u22655), impulsivity, and substance use. Guglielmo's cut-off point (\u22655 criteria) effectively differentiated individuals with disordered trading behaviors from those at-risk and those without disordered trading.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TDS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing disordered trading among amateur investors. Further research is needed to explore the scale's predictive validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T09:14:47Z","timestamp":1742807687000},"page":"941-958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development and validation of the Trading Disorder Scale for assessing problematic trading behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0857-9104","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ainhoa","family":"Coloma-Carmona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4602-8941","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Carballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Applied Psychology, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, Elche, Spain"},{"name":"Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6379-5857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fernando","family":"Mir\u00f3-Llinares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CR\u00cdMINA Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Crime, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, Elche, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7730-8527","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jes\u00fas C.","family":"Aguerri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CR\u00cdMINA Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Crime, Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche, Elche, Spain"},{"name":"University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8880-6524","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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