{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:48:59Z","timestamp":1782398939633,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lithuanian Ministry of Health","award":["S-164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-164"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short versions of problematic internet use (PIU) questionnaires may provide a convenient and effective way of assessing internet-related problems in various contexts, ranging from research to clinical practice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single yes\/no question (Q-single) regarding \u201cfunctional impairment due to PIU\u201d could serve as a screening tool to indicate the potential absence of PIU, given the lack of functional impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from two online studies (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 524 and\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 272) assessing internet-related behaviors among students were used for the analyses. Participants completed questionnaires (the nine-item Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire [PIUQ-9], the Compulsive Internet Use Scale [CIUS], the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, depression module [PHQ-9], the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale [GAD-7]), questions about their internet use time, besides answering the Q-Single question. Block-wise multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the predictive effect of the Q-Single on PIU (as measured with the PIUQ-9 and the CIUS) and its association with depression and anxiety symptom scores (as measured with the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Q-Single demonstrated a high negative predictive value in screening the absence of PIU, however positive predictive value was low to\u00a0moderate. Q-Single proved to be a good predictor of PIU (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.484,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 [PIUQ-9] and\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.481,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 [CIUS]) when controlling for age, gender, and internet use time. Adjusting for the same controlling variables, the Q-Single had a moderate association with depression symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.385,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001 [PHQ-9]) and anxiety symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.252,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) [GAD-7]) supporting the validity of the single-question\u00a0instrument.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The finding that a single question could predict absence of PIU in students, implies that functional impairment is an important indicator of PIU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T10:01:52Z","timestamp":1747821712000},"page":"738-745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Q-single: Linking functional impairment to\u00a0problematic internet use through a\u00a0single-question approach"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3361-5074","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vilma","family":"Jakiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9981-4212","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Orsolya","family":"Kir\u00e1ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of 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