{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:48:16Z","timestamp":1782406096692,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82073578"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073578"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82173542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Research Project of Center for Big Data and Population Health, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center","award":["JKS2023011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JKS2023011"]}]},{"name":"Cultivation Program for Scientific and Technological Talents of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","award":["2024PY01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024PY01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the bidirectional associations between smartphone multitasking and anxiety symptoms among college students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022. Smartphone multitasking and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Assessment of Smartphone Multitasking for Adolescents and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items, respectively. Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between smartphone multitasking and anxiety symptoms among college students. Autoregressive cross\u2043lagged models (ARCLM) were used to analyze the bidirectional associations between smartphone multitasking and anxiety symptoms among college students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 953 college students were included in this study, 323 (33.9%) of whom were males. The mean age of participants at baseline was 18.89 \u00b1 1.33 years. The rates of depressive symptoms among college students were 28.1% at baseline and 29.0% at 6-month follow-up, respectively.\n                      <jats:italic>Pearson<\/jats:italic>\n                      correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between all zero-level variables (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Linear regression analyses showed that after adjusting for demographic characteristics and health risk behaviors, smartphone multitasking was still positively correlated to anxiety symptoms at baseline (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1.30, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.54\u20132.05) and 6-month follow-up (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.84, 95%\n                      <jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>\n                      : 0.32\u20131.37). The results of ARCLM showed that smartphone multitasking at baseline was positively correlated with anxiety symptoms after 6-month (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.03,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), but anxiety symptoms at baseline did not significantly correlate to smartphone multitasking after 6-month among college students (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.04,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.51).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smartphone multitasking is associated with higher anxiety symptoms at baseline and follow-up, but no bidirectional relationship exists. Reducing smartphone use may improve mental wellbeing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T04:39:02Z","timestamp":1747975142000},"page":"929-940","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The bidirectional associations between smartphone multitasking and anxiety symptoms among Chinese college students"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5752-3493","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-6502","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-9244","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-2638","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuhui","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7802-9882","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4807-9670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fangbiao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3582-7062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuman","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China"},{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health Across the Life Course, Hefei 230032, China"},{"name":"Center for Big Data and Population Health, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Management Decision","first-page":"1313","article-title":"The multi\u2010tasking paradox: Perceptions, problems and strategies","volume":"46","author":"Appelbaum, S. 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