{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:10:48Z","timestamp":1788318648138,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China","award":["2024JC-YBMS-147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBMS-147"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["GK202201018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GK202201018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["24ZYZD004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24ZYZD004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018925","name":"\u2018111\u2019 center","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["B25068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B25068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) has become a major public health issue, with stress identified as a key factor. Pathological technology use is often linked to dysfunctional reward processing, which is characterized by hyperactivity during reward anticipation and hypoactivity during reward receipt, both closely tied to emotion regulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between PSU and event-related potentials (ERP) linked to reward anticipation and feedback processing, while elucidating the role of reward processing dysfunction in the escalation of daily life stress into PSU through ecological momentary assessment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We recorded the ERPs of 44 PSU participants and 50 HC participants during the monetary incentive delay task. Meanwhile, we assessed the momentary stress, PSU levels, and screen time of these participants three times a day for 14 days.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n ERP results showed that the PSU group, compared to the HC group, had significantly larger P3 amplitude (but not N2 amplitude) during reward anticipation (cue-P3:\n \u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.066,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.012; cue-N2:\n \u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.004,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.567). In contrast, during feedback, their amplitudes were reduced in both RewP and fb-P3 components (RewP:\n \u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.092,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003; fb-P3:\n \u03b7<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n = 0.043,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.048). These findings indicate that PSU is linked to heightened neural activity during reward anticipation but reduced responsiveness during feedback, indicating potential dysfunction in reward processing. Ecological momentary assessment linked momentary stress to increased PSU (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.17, HPD 95% CI [0.129, 0.218]) and screen time (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.18, HPD 95% CI [0.135, 0.227]). Importantly, RewP amplitude moderated these associations, with blunted RewP responses amplifying stress-related increases in both PSU (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.19, HPD 95% CI\u00a0[\u22120.352, \u22120.036]) and screen time (\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.20, HPD 95% CI [\u22120.394, \u22120.003]).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n These findings indicate that reward-related ERPs may serve as potential neural markers for identifying PSU, while dysfunctional reward processing may exacerbate stress-related PSU behaviors. This work provides novel insights for developing prevention and intervention strategies in digital addiction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T15:31:17Z","timestamp":1756395077000},"page":"1429-1443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dysfunctional reward processing amplifies stress-related smartphone overuse: Evidence from ERPs and ecological momentary assessment"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4616-8207","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huaiyuan","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3450-9820","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Di","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2939-6347","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2620-813X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiangyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4482-7002","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guoliang","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5851-2373","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuhai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-6980","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yangmei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5592994","article-title":"Brain and smartphone addiction: A systematic review","volume":"2024","author":"Anbumalar, C.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anbumalar, C., & Binu Sahayam, D. (2024). Brain and smartphone addiction: A systematic review. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2024(1), 5592994. 10.1155\/2024\/5592994https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/5592994"},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A\u00a0Multidisciplinary Journal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2017.1406803","article-title":"Dynamic structural equation models","volume":"25","author":"Asparouhov, T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asparouhov, T., Hamaker, E. L., & Muth\u00e9n, B. (2018). Dynamic structural equation models. Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A\u00a0Multidisciplinary Journal, 25(3), 359\u2013388. 10.1080\/10705511.2017.1406803https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2017.1406803"},{"issue":"2","key":"B4","series-title":"Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-021-00950-5","article-title":"The reward positivity is sensitive to affective liking","volume":"22","author":"Brown, D. R.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown, D. R., Jackson, T. C., & Cavanagh, J. F. (2022). The reward positivity is sensitive to affective liking. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 22(2), 258\u2013267. 10.3758\/s13415-021-00950-5https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-021-00950-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"B5","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0325","article-title":"Psychometric properties and demographic correlates of the smartphone addiction scale-short version among Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong","volume":"22","author":"Cheung, T.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung, T., Lee, R. L., Tse, A. C., Do, C. W., So, B. C., Szeto, G. P., & Lee, P. H. (2019). Psychometric properties and demographic correlates of the smartphone addiction scale-short version among Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(11), 714\u2013723. 10.1089\/cyber.2019.0325https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2019.0325"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"The 53 internet network development statistic report of China","author":"China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)","year":"2024","unstructured":"China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) (2024). The 53 internet network development statistic report of China. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cnnic.net.cn\/n4\/2024\/0322\/c88-10964.html."},{"issue":"5","key":"B7","series-title":"Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2749","article-title":"Stress and adult smartphone addiction: Mediation by self\u2010control, neuroticism, and extraversion","volume":"33","author":"Cho, H. Y.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cho, H. Y., Kim, D. J., & Park, J. W. (2017). Stress and adult smartphone addiction: Mediation by self\u2010control, neuroticism, and extraversion. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 33(5), 624\u2013630. 10.1002\/smi.2749https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.2749"},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Translational Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01246-5","article-title":"The neural basis underlying impaired attentional control in problematic smartphone users","volume":"11","author":"Choi, J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi, J., Cho, H., Choi, J. S., Choi, I. Y., Chun, J. W., & Kim, D. J. (2021). The neural basis underlying impaired attentional control in problematic smartphone users. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 129. 10.1038\/s41398-021-01246-5https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01246-5"},{"issue":"12","key":"B9","series-title":"Psychological Assessment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/uka5t_v1","article-title":"Examining the within-and between-person structure of a short form of the positive and negative affect schedule: A multilevel and dynamic approach","volume":"34","author":"Cooke, E. M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooke, E. M., Schuurman, N. K., & Zheng, Y. (2022). Examining the within-and between-person structure of a short form of the positive and negative affect schedule: A multilevel and dynamic approach. Psychological Assessment, 34(12), 1126. 10.31234\/osf.io\/uka5t_v1https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/uka5t_v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib63","series-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods","first-page":"9","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004). EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. Journal of neuroscience methods, 134(1), 9\u201321."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.030","article-title":"Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology","volume":"207","author":"Elhai, J. D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elhai, J. D., Dvorak, R. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 251\u2013259. 10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.030https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.030"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"European Journal of Personality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/sfp37","article-title":"Self-esteem and social interactions in daily life: An experience sampling study","author":"Enting, M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Enting, M., Jongerling, J., & Reitz, A. K. (2024). Self-esteem and social interactions in daily life: An experience sampling study. European Journal of Personality, 08902070241292987. 10.31234\/osf.io\/sfp37https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/sfp37"},{"issue":"7","key":"B12","series-title":"American Psychologist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.63.7.591","article-title":"Modern robust statistical methods: An easy way to maximize the accuracy and power of your research","volume":"63","author":"Erceg-Hurn, D. M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erceg-Hurn, D. M., & Mirosevich, V. M. (2008). Modern robust statistical methods: An easy way to maximize the accuracy and power of your research. American Psychologist, 63(7), 591. 10.1037\/0003-066x.63.7.591https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.63.7.591"},{"issue":"2","key":"B13","series-title":"Behavior Research Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","article-title":"G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul, F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175\u2013191. 10.3758\/bf03193146https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03193146"},{"key":"bib65","series-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","first-page":"184","article-title":"Beyond the FRN: Broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing","volume":"132","author":"Glazer, J. E.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glazer, J. E., Kelley, N. J., Pornpattananangkul, N., Mittal, V. A., & Nusslock, R. (2018). Beyond the FRN: Broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 132, 184\u2013202."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022947","article-title":"Analysis of intensive longitudinal data: Putting psychological processes in perspective","volume":"21","author":"Hamaker, E. L.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamaker, E. L. (2025). Analysis of intensive longitudinal data: Putting psychological processes in perspective. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 21. 10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022947https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022947"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib64","series-title":"Multivariate behavioral research","first-page":"820","article-title":"At the frontiers of modeling intensive longitudinal data: Dynamic structural equation models for the affective measurements from the COGITO study","volume":"53","author":"Hamaker, E. L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamaker, E. L., Asparouhov, T., Brose, A., Schmiedek, F., & Muth\u00e9n, B. (2018). At the frontiers of modeling intensive longitudinal data: Dynamic structural equation models for the affective measurements from the COGITO study. Multivariate behavioral research, 53(6), 820\u2013841."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.019","article-title":"Stress, academic burnout, smartphone use types and problematic smartphone use: The moderation effects of resilience","volume":"150","author":"Hao, Z.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao, Z., Jin, L., Huang, J., & Wu, H. (2022). Stress, academic burnout, smartphone use types and problematic smartphone use: The moderation effects of resilience. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 150, 324\u2013331. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.019https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Scientific Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25442-4","article-title":"Automatic detection advantage of network information among internet addicts: Behavioral and ERPs evidence","volume":"8","author":"He, J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"He, J., Zheng, Y., Nie, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2018). Automatic detection advantage of network information among internet addicts: Behavioral and ERPs evidence. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 8937. 10.1038\/s41598-018-25442-4https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-25442-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"B17","series-title":"Biological Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.10.016","article-title":"Building resilience: The stress response as a driving force for neuroplasticity and adaptation","volume":"97","author":"Hermans, E. J.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hermans, E. J., Hendler, T., & Kalisch, R. (2025). Building resilience: The stress response as a driving force for neuroplasticity and adaptation. Biological Psychiatry, 97(4), 330\u2013338. 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.10.016https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.10.016"},{"key":"bib66","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"116493","article-title":"Early life stress and brain function: Activity and connectivity associated with processing emotion and reward","volume":"209","author":"Herzberg, M. P.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herzberg, M. P., & Gunnar, M. R. (2020). Early life stress and brain function: Activity and connectivity associated with processing emotion and reward. NeuroImage, 209, 116493."},{"issue":"8","key":"B18","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12673","article-title":"Reward positivity: Reward prediction error or salience prediction error?","volume":"53","author":"Heydari, S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heydari, S., & Holroyd, C. B. (2016). Reward positivity: Reward prediction error or salience prediction error? Psychophysiology, 53(8), 1185\u20131192. 10.1111\/psyp.12673https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12673"},{"issue":"5","key":"B19","series-title":"Psychological Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000516","article-title":"Updated guidelines on selecting an intraclass correlation coefficient for interrater reliability, with applications to incomplete observational designs","volume":"29","author":"Hove, D. T.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hove, D. T., Jorgensen, T. D., & van der Ark, L. A. (2022). Updated guidelines on selecting an intraclass correlation coefficient for interrater reliability, with applications to incomplete observational designs. Psychological Methods, 29(5), 967\u2013979. 10.1037\/met0000516https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000516"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059","article-title":"A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use","volume":"31","author":"Kardefelt-Winther, D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351\u2013354. 10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000799.supp","article-title":"Affective dynamics in daily life are differentially expressed in positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy","volume":"132","author":"Kemp, K. C.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kemp, K. C., Sperry, S. H., Hern\u00e1ndez, L., Barrantes-Vidal, N., & Kwapil, T. R. (2023). Affective dynamics in daily life are differentially expressed in positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, 132(1), 110. 10.1037\/abn0000799.supphttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000799.supp"},{"issue":"1","key":"B22","series-title":"Translational Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01375-x","article-title":"Event-related brain response to visual cues in individuals with internet gaming disorder: Relevance to attentional bias and decision-making","volume":"11","author":"Kim, B. M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, B. M., Lee, J., Choi, A. R., Chung, S. J., Park, M., Koo, J. W., \u2026, & Choi, J. S. (2021). Event-related brain response to visual cues in individuals with internet gaming disorder: Relevance to attentional bias and decision-making. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 258. 10.1038\/s41398-021-01375-xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01375-x"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2024.102297","article-title":"Applying dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) to examine the dynamics of students\u2019 affect and learning goal achievement","volume":"78","author":"Kim, M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, M., Yang, J., Liu, C., Gezer, T., & Wong, J. D. (2024). Applying dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) to examine the dynamics of students\u2019 affect and learning goal achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 78, 102297. 10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2024.102297https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2024.102297"},{"issue":"3","key":"B24","series-title":"Addiction Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13174","article-title":"At\u2010risk alcohol users have disrupted valence discrimination during reward anticipation","volume":"27","author":"Komarnyckyj, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Komarnyckyj, M., Retzler, C., Cao, Z., Ganis, G., Murphy, A., Whelan, R., & Fouragnan, E. F. (2022). At\u2010risk alcohol users have disrupted valence discrimination during reward anticipation. Addiction Biology, 27(3), e13174. 10.1111\/adb.13174https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13174"},{"issue":"12","key":"B25","series-title":"Plos One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558","article-title":"The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Kwon, M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. Plos One, 8(12), e83558. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198810940.003.0011","article-title":"Altered neural processing of reward and punishment in adolescents with major depressive disorder","volume":"232","author":"Landes, I.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Landes, I., Bakos, S., Kohls, G., Bartling, J., Schulte-K\u00f6rne, G., & Greimel, E. (2018). Altered neural processing of reward and punishment in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 232, 23\u201333. 10.1093\/med\/9780198810940.003.0011https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/9780198810940.003.0011"},{"issue":"1","key":"B27","series-title":"Scientific Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72458-w","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and its relationship with quality of life among university students in Macau, Hong Kong and mainland China","volume":"10","author":"Li, L.","year":"2020a","unstructured":"Li, L., Lok, G. K., Mei, S. L., Cui, X. L., An, F. R., Li, L., \u2026 Xiang, Y. T. (2020a). Prevalence of depression and its relationship with quality of life among university students in Macau, Hong Kong and mainland China. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 15798. 10.1038\/s41598-020-72458-whttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-72458-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"B28","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13469","article-title":"Dysfunctional cognitive control and reward processing in adolescents with internet gaming disorder","volume":"57","author":"Li, Q.","year":"2020b","unstructured":"Li, Q., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Dai, W., Zheng, Y., Sun, Y., & Liu, X. (2020b). Dysfunctional cognitive control and reward processing in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Psychophysiology, 57(2), e13469. 10.1111\/psyp.13469https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13469"},{"issue":"9","key":"B29","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2023.0548","article-title":"Trends and influencing factors in problematic smartphone use prevalence (2012\u20132022): A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Lu, X.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu, X., An, X., & Chen, S. (2024). Trends and influencing factors in problematic smartphone use prevalence (2012\u20132022): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 27(9), 616\u2013634. 10.1089\/cyber.2023.0548https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2023.0548"},{"key":"B30","series-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.12.009","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of hedonic and eudaimonic reward processing: An event-related potentials (ERPs) study","volume":"137","author":"Luo, Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Jiang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., & You, X. (2019). Temporal dynamics of hedonic and eudaimonic reward processing: An event-related potentials (ERPs) study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 137, 63\u201371. 10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.12.009https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.12.009"},{"issue":"2","key":"B31","series-title":"Addiction Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13118","article-title":"Differential brain responses to alcohol\u2010related and natural rewards are associated with alcohol use and problems: Evidence for reward dysregulation","volume":"27","author":"Martins, J. S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martins, J. S., Joyner, K. J., McCarthy, D. M., Morris, D. H., Patrick, C. J., & Bartholow, B. D. (2022). Differential brain responses to alcohol\u2010related and natural rewards are associated with alcohol use and problems: Evidence for reward dysregulation. Addiction Biology, 27(2), e13118. 10.1111\/adb.13118https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13118"},{"issue":"6","key":"B32","series-title":"Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1578657","article-title":"Two-level dynamic structural equation models with small samples","volume":"26","author":"McNeish, D.","year":"2019","unstructured":"McNeish, D. (2019). Two-level dynamic structural equation models with small samples. Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 26(6), 948\u2013966. 10.1080\/10705511.2019.1578657https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2019.1578657"},{"issue":"5","key":"B33","series-title":"Psychological Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/j56bm","article-title":"A primer on two-level dynamic structural equation models for intensive longitudinal data in Mplus","volume":"25","author":"McNeish, D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"McNeish, D., & Hamaker, E. L. (2020). A primer on two-level dynamic structural equation models for intensive longitudinal data in Mplus. Psychological Methods, 25(5), 610. 10.31234\/osf.io\/j56bmhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/j56bm"},{"issue":"1","key":"B34","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00004","article-title":"Smartphone use motivation and problematic smartphone use in a national representative sample of Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of smartphone use time for various activities","volume":"9","author":"Meng, H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meng, H., Cao, H., Hao, R., Zhou, N., Liang, Y., Wu, L., \u2026 Zhang, J. (2020). Smartphone use motivation and problematic smartphone use in a national representative sample of Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of smartphone use time for various activities. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(1), 163\u2013174. 10.1556\/2006.2020.00004https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00004"},{"issue":"4","key":"B35","series-title":"Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/d9pc7","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of an adapted version of the perceived stress scale for ecological momentary assessment research","volume":"39","author":"Murray, A. L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murray, A. L., Xiao, Z., Zhu, X., Speyer, L. G., Yang, Y., Brown, R. H., \u2026 Ribeaud, D. (2023). Psychometric evaluation of an adapted version of the perceived stress scale for ecological momentary assessment research. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 39(4), 841\u2013853. 10.31234\/osf.io\/d9pc7https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/d9pc7"},{"issue":"2","key":"B36","series-title":"World Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20513","article-title":"Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: New insights and technical developments","volume":"17","author":"Myin\u2010Germeys, I.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Myin\u2010Germeys, I., Kasanova, Z., Vaessen, T., Vachon, H., Kirtley, O., Viechtbauer, W., & Reininghaus, U. (2018). Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: New insights and technical developments. World Psychiatry, 17(2), 123\u2013132. 10.1002\/wps.20513https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20513"},{"issue":"1","key":"B37","series-title":"Translational Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1101\/332981","article-title":"Meta-analysis of reward processing in major depressive disorder reveals distinct abnormalities within the reward circuit","volume":"9","author":"Ng, T. H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ng, T. H., Alloy, L. B., & Smith, D. V. (2019). Meta-analysis of reward processing in major depressive disorder reveals distinct abnormalities within the reward circuit. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 293. 10.1101\/332981https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/332981"},{"issue":"11","key":"B38","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12504","article-title":"Teasing apart the anticipatory and consummatory processing of monetary incentives: An event\u2010related potential study of reward dynamics","volume":"52","author":"Novak, K. D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Novak, K. D., & Foti, D. (2015). Teasing apart the anticipatory and consummatory processing of monetary incentives: An event\u2010related potential study of reward dynamics. Psychophysiology, 52(11), 1470\u20131482. 10.1111\/psyp.12504https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12504"},{"key":"B39","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.001","article-title":"Reward processing and mood-related symptoms: An RDoC and translational neuroscience perspective","volume":"216","author":"Nusslock, R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nusslock, R., & Alloy, L. B. (2017). Reward processing and mood-related symptoms: An RDoC and translational neuroscience perspective. Journal of Affective Disorders, 216, 3\u201316. 10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.001https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.001"},{"issue":"11","key":"B40","series-title":"Cerebral Cortex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae436","article-title":"Neurophysiological characteristics of reward processing in individuals at different levels of gaming","volume":"34","author":"Peng, Y.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng, Y., Wu, D., Tian, M., Zhou, Y., Peng, X., Peng, Z., \u2026 Lei, W. (2024). Neurophysiological characteristics of reward processing in individuals at different levels of gaming. Cerebral Cortex, 34(11), bhae436. 10.1093\/cercor\/bhae436https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhae436"},{"issue":"1","key":"B41","series-title":"Behavior Research Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/x2ywa","article-title":"Measuring affect dynamics: An empirical framework","volume":"55","author":"Pirla, S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pirla, S., Taquet, M., & Quoidbach, J. (2023). Measuring affect dynamics: An empirical framework. Behavior Research Methods, 55(1), 285\u2013300. 10.31219\/osf.io\/x2ywahttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.31219\/osf.io\/x2ywa"},{"issue":"4","key":"B42","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12370","article-title":"The reward positivity: From basic research on reward to a biomarker for depression","volume":"52","author":"Proudfit, G. H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Proudfit, G. H. (2015). The reward positivity: From basic research on reward to a biomarker for depression. Psychophysiology, 52(4), 449\u2013459. 10.1111\/psyp.12370https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12370"},{"issue":"2","key":"B43","series-title":"Educational research review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001","article-title":"Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research","volume":"6","author":"Richardson, J. T.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richardson, J. T. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational research review, 6(2), 135\u2013147. 10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"B44","series-title":"Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1036\/1097-8542.yb140377","article-title":"Incentive\u2010sensitization and addiction","volume":"96","author":"Robinson, T. E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2001). Incentive\u2010sensitization and addiction. Addiction, 96(1), 103\u2013114. 10.1036\/1097-8542.yb140377https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1036\/1097-8542.yb140377"},{"issue":"4","key":"B45","series-title":"Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2017.1392862","article-title":"Number of subjects and time points needed for multilevel time-series analysis: A simulation study of dynamic structural equation modeling","volume":"25","author":"Schultzberg, M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schultzberg, M., & Muth\u00e9n, B. (2018). Number of subjects and time points needed for multilevel time-series analysis: A simulation study of dynamic structural equation modeling. Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 25(4), 495\u2013515. 10.1080\/10705511.2017.1392862https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2017.1392862"},{"issue":"3","key":"B46","series-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/hacgk","article-title":"Investigating moderation effects at the within-person level using intensive longitudinal data: A two-level dynamic structural equation modelling approach in Mplus","volume":"59","author":"Speyer, L. G.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Speyer, L. G., Murray, A. L., & Kievit, R. (2024). Investigating moderation effects at the within-person level using intensive longitudinal data: A two-level dynamic structural equation modelling approach in Mplus. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 59(3), 620\u2013637. 10.31234\/osf.io\/hacgkhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/hacgk"},{"key":"B47","series-title":"Personality and Individual Differences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110342","article-title":"Association of smartphone use with depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, and internet addiction. Empirical evidence from a smartphone application","volume":"168","author":"Stankovi\u0107, M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stankovi\u0107, M., Ne\u0161i\u0107, M., \u010ci\u010devi\u0107, S., & Shi, Z. (2021). Association of smartphone use with depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, and internet addiction. Empirical evidence from a smartphone application. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110342. 10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110342https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110342"},{"issue":"5","key":"B48","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12611","article-title":"Approach\u2010motivated pregoal states enhance the reward positivity","volume":"53","author":"Threadgill, A. H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Threadgill, A. H., & Gable, P. A. (2016). Approach\u2010motivated pregoal states enhance the reward positivity. Psychophysiology, 53(5), 733\u2013738. 10.1111\/psyp.12611https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12611"},{"key":"B49","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107781","article-title":"Problematic social media use is associated with depression and similar to behavioral addictions: Physiological and behavioral evidence","volume":"145","author":"Tsilosani, A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsilosani, A., Chan, K., Steffens, A., Bolton, T. B., & Kowalczyk, W. J. (2023). Problematic social media use is associated with depression and similar to behavioral addictions: Physiological and behavioral evidence. Addictive Behaviors, 145, 107781. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107781https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107781"},{"issue":"3","key":"B50","series-title":"Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2805","article-title":"The association between smartphone use, stress, and anxiety: A meta\u2010analytic review","volume":"34","author":"Vahedi, Z.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vahedi, Z., & Saiphoo, A. (2018). The association between smartphone use, stress, and anxiety: A meta\u2010analytic review. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 34(3), 347\u2013358. 10.1002\/smi.2805https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.2805"},{"key":"B51","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.005","article-title":"The role of stress and motivation in problematic smartphone use among college students","volume":"53","author":"Wang, J. L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, J. L., Wang, H. Z., Gaskin, J., & Wang, L. H. (2015). The role of stress and motivation in problematic smartphone use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 181\u2013188. 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.005https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.005"},{"key":"B52","series-title":"Digital 2024: 5 billion social media users","author":"We are Social","year":"2024","unstructured":"We are Social (2024). Digital 2024: 5 billion social media users. Retrieved from https:\/\/wearesocial.com\/cn\/blog\/2024\/01\/digital-2024-5-billion-social-media-users."},{"issue":"5","key":"B53","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14515","article-title":"A meta\u2010analysis of electrophysiological biomarkers of reward and error monitoring in substance misuse","volume":"61","author":"Webber, H. E.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Webber, H. E., de Dios, C., Kessler, D. A., Schmitz, J. M., Lane, S. D., & Suchting, R. (2024). A meta\u2010analysis of electrophysiological biomarkers of reward and error monitoring in substance misuse. Psychophysiology, 61(5), e14515. 10.1111\/psyp.14515https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14515"},{"key":"B54","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107015","article-title":"Problematic smartphone use: The role of reward processing, depressive symptoms and self-control","volume":"122","author":"West, R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"West, R., Ash, C., Dapore, A., Kirby, B., Malley, K., & Zhu, S. (2021). Problematic smartphone use: The role of reward processing, depressive symptoms and self-control. Addictive Behaviors, 122, 107015. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107015https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107015"},{"key":"B55","series-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102202","article-title":"Is monetary reward processing altered in drug-na\u00efve youth with a behavioral addiction? Findings from internet gaming disorder","volume":"26","author":"Yao, Y. W.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao, Y. W., Liu, L., Worhunsky, P. D., Lichenstein, S., Ma, S. S., Zhu, L., \u2026 Yip, S. W. (2020). Is monetary reward processing altered in drug-na\u00efve youth with a behavioral addiction? Findings from internet gaming disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical, 26, 102202. 10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102202https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102202"},{"issue":"1","key":"B56","series-title":"Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15518","article-title":"Reward\u2010related decision\u2010making deficits in internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"117","author":"Yao, Y. W.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, Y. W., Zhang, J. T., Fang, X. Y., Liu, L., & Potenza, M. N. (2022). Reward\u2010related decision\u2010making deficits in internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Addiction, 117(1), 19\u201332. 10.1111\/add.15518https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.15518"},{"key":"B57","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.026","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder in urban China: Prevalence, awareness, and disease burden","volume":"234","author":"Yu, W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu, W., Singh, S. S., Calhoun, S., Zhang, H., Zhao, X., & Yang, F. (2018). Generalized anxiety disorder in urban China: Prevalence, awareness, and disease burden. Journal of Affective Disorders, 234, 89\u201396. 10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.026https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.026"},{"key":"B58","series-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.017","article-title":"The relationships between screen time and mental health problems among Chinese adults","volume":"146","author":"Zhang, Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Hu, W., Zhan, N., Zou, J., Wang, J., & Geng, F. (2022). The relationships between screen time and mental health problems among Chinese adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 146, 279\u2013285. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.017https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.017"},{"issue":"12","key":"B59","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14383","article-title":"Comparing monetary gain and loss in the monetary incentive delay task: EEG evidence","volume":"60","author":"Zhang, Y.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Rong, Y., Hu, L., M\u00fcller, H. J., & Wei, P. (2023). Comparing monetary gain and loss in the monetary incentive delay task: EEG evidence. Psychophysiology, 60(12), e14383. 10.1111\/psyp.14383https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14383"},{"key":"B60","series-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2147\/prbm.s302551","article-title":"Effects of online social support and perceived social support on the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage among Chinese undergraduates","author":"Zhao, C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, C., Xu, H., Lai, X., Yang, X., Tu, X., Ding, N., \u2026 Zhang, G. (2021). Effects of online social support and perceived social support on the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage among Chinese undergraduates. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 529\u2013539. 10.2147\/prbm.s302551https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/prbm.s302551"},{"issue":"7","key":"B61","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12855","article-title":"Reward processing in gain versus loss context: An ERPs study","volume":"54","author":"Zheng, Y.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Shen, H., Gao, Q., & Zhou, S. (2017). Reward processing in gain versus loss context: An ERPs study. Psychophysiology, 54(7), 1040\u20131053. 10.1111\/psyp.12855https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12855"},{"issue":"2","key":"B62","series-title":"Organizational Research Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428119833164","article-title":"Intensive longitudinal data analyses with dynamic structural equation modeling","volume":"24","author":"Zhou, L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Wang, M., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Intensive longitudinal data analyses with dynamic structural equation modeling. Organizational Research Methods, 24(2), 219\u2013250. 10.1177\/1094428119833164https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094428119833164"},{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/5592994","article-title":"Brain and smartphone addiction: A systematic review","volume":"2024","author":"Anbumalar, C.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anbumalar, C., & Binu Sahayam, D. (2024). Brain and smartphone addiction: A systematic review. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2024(1), 5592994. 10.1155\/2024\/5592994https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/5592994"},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A\u00a0Multidisciplinary Journal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2017.1406803","article-title":"Dynamic structural equation models","volume":"25","author":"Asparouhov, T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asparouhov, T., Hamaker, E. L., & Muth\u00e9n, B. (2018). Dynamic structural equation models. Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A\u00a0Multidisciplinary Journal, 25(3), 359\u2013388. 10.1080\/10705511.2017.1406803https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2017.1406803"},{"issue":"2","key":"B4","series-title":"Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-021-00950-5","article-title":"The reward positivity is sensitive to affective liking","volume":"22","author":"Brown, D. R.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown, D. R., Jackson, T. C., & Cavanagh, J. F. (2022). The reward positivity is sensitive to affective liking. Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, 22(2), 258\u2013267. 10.3758\/s13415-021-00950-5https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13415-021-00950-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"B5","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2019.0325","article-title":"Psychometric properties and demographic correlates of the smartphone addiction scale-short version among Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong","volume":"22","author":"Cheung, T.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung, T., Lee, R. L., Tse, A. C., Do, C. W., So, B. C., Szeto, G. P., & Lee, P. H. (2019). Psychometric properties and demographic correlates of the smartphone addiction scale-short version among Chinese children and adolescents in Hong Kong. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(11), 714\u2013723. 10.1089\/cyber.2019.0325https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2019.0325"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"The 53 internet network development statistic report of China","author":"China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)","year":"2024","unstructured":"China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) (2024). The 53 internet network development statistic report of China. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cnnic.net.cn\/n4\/2024\/0322\/c88-10964.html."},{"issue":"5","key":"B7","series-title":"Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2749","article-title":"Stress and adult smartphone addiction: Mediation by self\u2010control, neuroticism, and extraversion","volume":"33","author":"Cho, H. Y.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cho, H. Y., Kim, D. J., & Park, J. W. (2017). Stress and adult smartphone addiction: Mediation by self\u2010control, neuroticism, and extraversion. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 33(5), 624\u2013630. 10.1002\/smi.2749https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.2749"},{"issue":"1","key":"B8","series-title":"Translational Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01246-5","article-title":"The neural basis underlying impaired attentional control in problematic smartphone users","volume":"11","author":"Choi, J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi, J., Cho, H., Choi, J. S., Choi, I. Y., Chun, J. W., & Kim, D. J. (2021). The neural basis underlying impaired attentional control in problematic smartphone users. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 129. 10.1038\/s41398-021-01246-5https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01246-5"},{"issue":"12","key":"B9","series-title":"Psychological Assessment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/uka5t_v1","article-title":"Examining the within-and between-person structure of a short form of the positive and negative affect schedule: A multilevel and dynamic approach","volume":"34","author":"Cooke, E. M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cooke, E. M., Schuurman, N. K., & Zheng, Y. (2022). Examining the within-and between-person structure of a short form of the positive and negative affect schedule: A multilevel and dynamic approach. Psychological Assessment, 34(12), 1126. 10.31234\/osf.io\/uka5t_v1https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/uka5t_v1"},{"issue":"1","key":"bib63","series-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods","first-page":"9","article-title":"EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis","volume":"134","author":"Delorme, A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004). EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. Journal of neuroscience methods, 134(1), 9\u201321."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.030","article-title":"Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology","volume":"207","author":"Elhai, J. D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elhai, J. D., Dvorak, R. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 251\u2013259. 10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.030https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.030"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"European Journal of Personality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/sfp37","article-title":"Self-esteem and social interactions in daily life: An experience sampling study","author":"Enting, M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Enting, M., Jongerling, J., & Reitz, A. K. (2024). Self-esteem and social interactions in daily life: An experience sampling study. European Journal of Personality, 08902070241292987. 10.31234\/osf.io\/sfp37https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/sfp37"},{"issue":"7","key":"B12","series-title":"American Psychologist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.63.7.591","article-title":"Modern robust statistical methods: An easy way to maximize the accuracy and power of your research","volume":"63","author":"Erceg-Hurn, D. M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erceg-Hurn, D. M., & Mirosevich, V. M. (2008). Modern robust statistical methods: An easy way to maximize the accuracy and power of your research. American Psychologist, 63(7), 591. 10.1037\/0003-066x.63.7.591https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.63.7.591"},{"issue":"2","key":"B13","series-title":"Behavior Research Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03193146","article-title":"G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul, F.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175\u2013191. 10.3758\/bf03193146https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03193146"},{"key":"bib65","series-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","first-page":"184","article-title":"Beyond the FRN: Broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing","volume":"132","author":"Glazer, J. E.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glazer, J. E., Kelley, N. J., Pornpattananangkul, N., Mittal, V. A., & Nusslock, R. (2018). Beyond the FRN: Broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 132, 184\u2013202."},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022947","article-title":"Analysis of intensive longitudinal data: Putting psychological processes in perspective","volume":"21","author":"Hamaker, E. L.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamaker, E. L. (2025). Analysis of intensive longitudinal data: Putting psychological processes in perspective. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 21. 10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022947https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081423-022947"},{"issue":"6","key":"bib64","series-title":"Multivariate behavioral research","first-page":"820","article-title":"At the frontiers of modeling intensive longitudinal data: Dynamic structural equation models for the affective measurements from the COGITO study","volume":"53","author":"Hamaker, E. L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamaker, E. L., Asparouhov, T., Brose, A., Schmiedek, F., & Muth\u00e9n, B. (2018). At the frontiers of modeling intensive longitudinal data: Dynamic structural equation models for the affective measurements from the COGITO study. Multivariate behavioral research, 53(6), 820\u2013841."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.019","article-title":"Stress, academic burnout, smartphone use types and problematic smartphone use: The moderation effects of resilience","volume":"150","author":"Hao, Z.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao, Z., Jin, L., Huang, J., & Wu, H. (2022). Stress, academic burnout, smartphone use types and problematic smartphone use: The moderation effects of resilience. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 150, 324\u2013331. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.019https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.03.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Scientific Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8937","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25442-4","article-title":"Automatic detection advantage of network information among internet addicts: Behavioral and ERPs evidence","volume":"8","author":"He, J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"He, J., Zheng, Y., Nie, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2018). Automatic detection advantage of network information among internet addicts: Behavioral and ERPs evidence. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 8937. 10.1038\/s41598-018-25442-4https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-25442-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"B17","series-title":"Biological Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.10.016","article-title":"Building resilience: The stress response as a driving force for neuroplasticity and adaptation","volume":"97","author":"Hermans, E. J.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hermans, E. J., Hendler, T., & Kalisch, R. (2025). Building resilience: The stress response as a driving force for neuroplasticity and adaptation. Biological Psychiatry, 97(4), 330\u2013338. 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.10.016https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.10.016"},{"key":"bib66","series-title":"NeuroImage","first-page":"116493","article-title":"Early life stress and brain function: Activity and connectivity associated with processing emotion and reward","volume":"209","author":"Herzberg, M. P.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herzberg, M. P., & Gunnar, M. R. (2020). Early life stress and brain function: Activity and connectivity associated with processing emotion and reward. NeuroImage, 209, 116493."},{"issue":"8","key":"B18","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12673","article-title":"Reward positivity: Reward prediction error or salience prediction error?","volume":"53","author":"Heydari, S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heydari, S., & Holroyd, C. B. (2016). Reward positivity: Reward prediction error or salience prediction error? Psychophysiology, 53(8), 1185\u20131192. 10.1111\/psyp.12673https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12673"},{"issue":"5","key":"B19","series-title":"Psychological Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000516","article-title":"Updated guidelines on selecting an intraclass correlation coefficient for interrater reliability, with applications to incomplete observational designs","volume":"29","author":"Hove, D. T.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hove, D. T., Jorgensen, T. D., & van der Ark, L. A. (2022). Updated guidelines on selecting an intraclass correlation coefficient for interrater reliability, with applications to incomplete observational designs. Psychological Methods, 29(5), 967\u2013979. 10.1037\/met0000516https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000516"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059","article-title":"A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use","volume":"31","author":"Kardefelt-Winther, D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351\u2013354. 10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.059"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000799.supp","article-title":"Affective dynamics in daily life are differentially expressed in positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy","volume":"132","author":"Kemp, K. C.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kemp, K. C., Sperry, S. H., Hern\u00e1ndez, L., Barrantes-Vidal, N., & Kwapil, T. R. (2023). Affective dynamics in daily life are differentially expressed in positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, 132(1), 110. 10.1037\/abn0000799.supphttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/abn0000799.supp"},{"issue":"1","key":"B22","series-title":"Translational Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01375-x","article-title":"Event-related brain response to visual cues in individuals with internet gaming disorder: Relevance to attentional bias and decision-making","volume":"11","author":"Kim, B. M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, B. M., Lee, J., Choi, A. R., Chung, S. J., Park, M., Koo, J. W., \u2026, & Choi, J. S. (2021). Event-related brain response to visual cues in individuals with internet gaming disorder: Relevance to attentional bias and decision-making. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 258. 10.1038\/s41398-021-01375-xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01375-x"},{"key":"B23","series-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2024.102297","article-title":"Applying dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) to examine the dynamics of students\u2019 affect and learning goal achievement","volume":"78","author":"Kim, M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, M., Yang, J., Liu, C., Gezer, T., & Wong, J. D. (2024). Applying dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM) to examine the dynamics of students\u2019 affect and learning goal achievement. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 78, 102297. 10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2024.102297https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2024.102297"},{"issue":"3","key":"B24","series-title":"Addiction Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13174","article-title":"At\u2010risk alcohol users have disrupted valence discrimination during reward anticipation","volume":"27","author":"Komarnyckyj, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Komarnyckyj, M., Retzler, C., Cao, Z., Ganis, G., Murphy, A., Whelan, R., & Fouragnan, E. F. (2022). At\u2010risk alcohol users have disrupted valence discrimination during reward anticipation. Addiction Biology, 27(3), e13174. 10.1111\/adb.13174https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13174"},{"issue":"12","key":"B25","series-title":"Plos One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558","article-title":"The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Kwon, M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. Plos One, 8(12), e83558. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780198810940.003.0011","article-title":"Altered neural processing of reward and punishment in adolescents with major depressive disorder","volume":"232","author":"Landes, I.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Landes, I., Bakos, S., Kohls, G., Bartling, J., Schulte-K\u00f6rne, G., & Greimel, E. (2018). Altered neural processing of reward and punishment in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 232, 23\u201333. 10.1093\/med\/9780198810940.003.0011https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/med\/9780198810940.003.0011"},{"issue":"1","key":"B27","series-title":"Scientific Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72458-w","article-title":"Prevalence of depression and its relationship with quality of life among university students in Macau, Hong Kong and mainland China","volume":"10","author":"Li, L.","year":"2020a","unstructured":"Li, L., Lok, G. K., Mei, S. L., Cui, X. L., An, F. R., Li, L., \u2026 Xiang, Y. T. (2020a). Prevalence of depression and its relationship with quality of life among university students in Macau, Hong Kong and mainland China. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 15798. 10.1038\/s41598-020-72458-whttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-72458-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"B28","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13469","article-title":"Dysfunctional cognitive control and reward processing in adolescents with internet gaming disorder","volume":"57","author":"Li, Q.","year":"2020b","unstructured":"Li, Q., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Dai, W., Zheng, Y., Sun, Y., & Liu, X. (2020b). Dysfunctional cognitive control and reward processing in adolescents with internet gaming disorder. Psychophysiology, 57(2), e13469. 10.1111\/psyp.13469https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.13469"},{"issue":"9","key":"B29","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2023.0548","article-title":"Trends and influencing factors in problematic smartphone use prevalence (2012\u20132022): A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Lu, X.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu, X., An, X., & Chen, S. (2024). Trends and influencing factors in problematic smartphone use prevalence (2012\u20132022): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 27(9), 616\u2013634. 10.1089\/cyber.2023.0548https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2023.0548"},{"key":"B30","series-title":"International Journal of Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.12.009","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of hedonic and eudaimonic reward processing: An event-related potentials (ERPs) study","volume":"137","author":"Luo, Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Jiang, H., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., & You, X. (2019). Temporal dynamics of hedonic and eudaimonic reward processing: An event-related potentials (ERPs) study. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 137, 63\u201371. 10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.12.009https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2018.12.009"},{"issue":"2","key":"B31","series-title":"Addiction Biology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13118","article-title":"Differential brain responses to alcohol\u2010related and natural rewards are associated with alcohol use and problems: Evidence for reward dysregulation","volume":"27","author":"Martins, J. S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martins, J. S., Joyner, K. J., McCarthy, D. M., Morris, D. H., Patrick, C. J., & Bartholow, B. D. (2022). Differential brain responses to alcohol\u2010related and natural rewards are associated with alcohol use and problems: Evidence for reward dysregulation. Addiction Biology, 27(2), e13118. 10.1111\/adb.13118https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13118"},{"issue":"6","key":"B32","series-title":"Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1578657","article-title":"Two-level dynamic structural equation models with small samples","volume":"26","author":"McNeish, D.","year":"2019","unstructured":"McNeish, D. (2019). Two-level dynamic structural equation models with small samples. Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 26(6), 948\u2013966. 10.1080\/10705511.2019.1578657https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2019.1578657"},{"issue":"5","key":"B33","series-title":"Psychological Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/j56bm","article-title":"A primer on two-level dynamic structural equation models for intensive longitudinal data in Mplus","volume":"25","author":"McNeish, D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"McNeish, D., & Hamaker, E. L. (2020). A primer on two-level dynamic structural equation models for intensive longitudinal data in Mplus. Psychological Methods, 25(5), 610. 10.31234\/osf.io\/j56bmhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/j56bm"},{"issue":"1","key":"B34","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00004","article-title":"Smartphone use motivation and problematic smartphone use in a national representative sample of Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of smartphone use time for various activities","volume":"9","author":"Meng, H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meng, H., Cao, H., Hao, R., Zhou, N., Liang, Y., Wu, L., \u2026 Zhang, J. (2020). Smartphone use motivation and problematic smartphone use in a national representative sample of Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of smartphone use time for various activities. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(1), 163\u2013174. 10.1556\/2006.2020.00004https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00004"},{"issue":"4","key":"B35","series-title":"Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/d9pc7","article-title":"Psychometric evaluation of an adapted version of the perceived stress scale for ecological momentary assessment research","volume":"39","author":"Murray, A. L.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murray, A. L., Xiao, Z., Zhu, X., Speyer, L. G., Yang, Y., Brown, R. H., \u2026 Ribeaud, D. (2023). Psychometric evaluation of an adapted version of the perceived stress scale for ecological momentary assessment research. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 39(4), 841\u2013853. 10.31234\/osf.io\/d9pc7https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/d9pc7"},{"issue":"2","key":"B36","series-title":"World Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20513","article-title":"Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: New insights and technical developments","volume":"17","author":"Myin\u2010Germeys, I.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Myin\u2010Germeys, I., Kasanova, Z., Vaessen, T., Vachon, H., Kirtley, O., Viechtbauer, W., & Reininghaus, U. (2018). Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: New insights and technical developments. World Psychiatry, 17(2), 123\u2013132. 10.1002\/wps.20513https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wps.20513"},{"issue":"1","key":"B37","series-title":"Translational Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1101\/332981","article-title":"Meta-analysis of reward processing in major depressive disorder reveals distinct abnormalities within the reward circuit","volume":"9","author":"Ng, T. H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ng, T. H., Alloy, L. B., & Smith, D. V. (2019). Meta-analysis of reward processing in major depressive disorder reveals distinct abnormalities within the reward circuit. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 293. 10.1101\/332981https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/332981"},{"issue":"11","key":"B38","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12504","article-title":"Teasing apart the anticipatory and consummatory processing of monetary incentives: An event\u2010related potential study of reward dynamics","volume":"52","author":"Novak, K. D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Novak, K. D., & Foti, D. (2015). Teasing apart the anticipatory and consummatory processing of monetary incentives: An event\u2010related potential study of reward dynamics. Psychophysiology, 52(11), 1470\u20131482. 10.1111\/psyp.12504https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12504"},{"key":"B39","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.001","article-title":"Reward processing and mood-related symptoms: An RDoC and translational neuroscience perspective","volume":"216","author":"Nusslock, R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nusslock, R., & Alloy, L. B. (2017). Reward processing and mood-related symptoms: An RDoC and translational neuroscience perspective. Journal of Affective Disorders, 216, 3\u201316. 10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.001https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2017.02.001"},{"issue":"11","key":"B40","series-title":"Cerebral Cortex","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhae436","article-title":"Neurophysiological characteristics of reward processing in individuals at different levels of gaming","volume":"34","author":"Peng, Y.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng, Y., Wu, D., Tian, M., Zhou, Y., Peng, X., Peng, Z., \u2026 Lei, W. (2024). Neurophysiological characteristics of reward processing in individuals at different levels of gaming. Cerebral Cortex, 34(11), bhae436. 10.1093\/cercor\/bhae436https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhae436"},{"issue":"1","key":"B41","series-title":"Behavior Research Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/x2ywa","article-title":"Measuring affect dynamics: An empirical framework","volume":"55","author":"Pirla, S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pirla, S., Taquet, M., & Quoidbach, J. (2023). Measuring affect dynamics: An empirical framework. Behavior Research Methods, 55(1), 285\u2013300. 10.31219\/osf.io\/x2ywahttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.31219\/osf.io\/x2ywa"},{"issue":"4","key":"B42","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12370","article-title":"The reward positivity: From basic research on reward to a biomarker for depression","volume":"52","author":"Proudfit, G. H.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Proudfit, G. H. (2015). The reward positivity: From basic research on reward to a biomarker for depression. Psychophysiology, 52(4), 449\u2013459. 10.1111\/psyp.12370https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12370"},{"issue":"2","key":"B43","series-title":"Educational research review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001","article-title":"Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research","volume":"6","author":"Richardson, J. T.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richardson, J. T. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational research review, 6(2), 135\u2013147. 10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2010.12.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"B44","series-title":"Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1036\/1097-8542.yb140377","article-title":"Incentive\u2010sensitization and addiction","volume":"96","author":"Robinson, T. E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2001). Incentive\u2010sensitization and addiction. Addiction, 96(1), 103\u2013114. 10.1036\/1097-8542.yb140377https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1036\/1097-8542.yb140377"},{"issue":"4","key":"B45","series-title":"Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2017.1392862","article-title":"Number of subjects and time points needed for multilevel time-series analysis: A simulation study of dynamic structural equation modeling","volume":"25","author":"Schultzberg, M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schultzberg, M., & Muth\u00e9n, B. (2018). Number of subjects and time points needed for multilevel time-series analysis: A simulation study of dynamic structural equation modeling. Structural Equation\u00a0Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 25(4), 495\u2013515. 10.1080\/10705511.2017.1392862https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2017.1392862"},{"issue":"3","key":"B46","series-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/hacgk","article-title":"Investigating moderation effects at the within-person level using intensive longitudinal data: A two-level dynamic structural equation modelling approach in Mplus","volume":"59","author":"Speyer, L. G.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Speyer, L. G., Murray, A. L., & Kievit, R. (2024). Investigating moderation effects at the within-person level using intensive longitudinal data: A two-level dynamic structural equation modelling approach in Mplus. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 59(3), 620\u2013637. 10.31234\/osf.io\/hacgkhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/hacgk"},{"key":"B47","series-title":"Personality and Individual Differences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110342","article-title":"Association of smartphone use with depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, and internet addiction. Empirical evidence from a smartphone application","volume":"168","author":"Stankovi\u0107, M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stankovi\u0107, M., Ne\u0161i\u0107, M., \u010ci\u010devi\u0107, S., & Shi, Z. (2021). Association of smartphone use with depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, and internet addiction. Empirical evidence from a smartphone application. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110342. 10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110342https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110342"},{"issue":"5","key":"B48","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12611","article-title":"Approach\u2010motivated pregoal states enhance the reward positivity","volume":"53","author":"Threadgill, A. H.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Threadgill, A. H., & Gable, P. A. (2016). Approach\u2010motivated pregoal states enhance the reward positivity. Psychophysiology, 53(5), 733\u2013738. 10.1111\/psyp.12611https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12611"},{"key":"B49","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107781","article-title":"Problematic social media use is associated with depression and similar to behavioral addictions: Physiological and behavioral evidence","volume":"145","author":"Tsilosani, A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsilosani, A., Chan, K., Steffens, A., Bolton, T. B., & Kowalczyk, W. J. (2023). Problematic social media use is associated with depression and similar to behavioral addictions: Physiological and behavioral evidence. Addictive Behaviors, 145, 107781. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107781https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107781"},{"issue":"3","key":"B50","series-title":"Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2805","article-title":"The association between smartphone use, stress, and anxiety: A meta\u2010analytic review","volume":"34","author":"Vahedi, Z.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vahedi, Z., & Saiphoo, A. (2018). The association between smartphone use, stress, and anxiety: A meta\u2010analytic review. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 34(3), 347\u2013358. 10.1002\/smi.2805https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smi.2805"},{"key":"B51","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.005","article-title":"The role of stress and motivation in problematic smartphone use among college students","volume":"53","author":"Wang, J. L.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, J. L., Wang, H. Z., Gaskin, J., & Wang, L. H. (2015). The role of stress and motivation in problematic smartphone use among college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 181\u2013188. 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.005https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.07.005"},{"key":"B52","series-title":"Digital 2024: 5 billion social media users","author":"We are Social","year":"2024","unstructured":"We are Social (2024). Digital 2024: 5 billion social media users. Retrieved from https:\/\/wearesocial.com\/cn\/blog\/2024\/01\/digital-2024-5-billion-social-media-users."},{"issue":"5","key":"B53","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14515","article-title":"A meta\u2010analysis of electrophysiological biomarkers of reward and error monitoring in substance misuse","volume":"61","author":"Webber, H. E.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Webber, H. E., de Dios, C., Kessler, D. A., Schmitz, J. M., Lane, S. D., & Suchting, R. (2024). A meta\u2010analysis of electrophysiological biomarkers of reward and error monitoring in substance misuse. Psychophysiology, 61(5), e14515. 10.1111\/psyp.14515https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14515"},{"key":"B54","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107015","article-title":"Problematic smartphone use: The role of reward processing, depressive symptoms and self-control","volume":"122","author":"West, R.","year":"2021","unstructured":"West, R., Ash, C., Dapore, A., Kirby, B., Malley, K., & Zhu, S. (2021). Problematic smartphone use: The role of reward processing, depressive symptoms and self-control. Addictive Behaviors, 122, 107015. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107015https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107015"},{"key":"B55","series-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102202","article-title":"Is monetary reward processing altered in drug-na\u00efve youth with a behavioral addiction? Findings from internet gaming disorder","volume":"26","author":"Yao, Y. W.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao, Y. W., Liu, L., Worhunsky, P. D., Lichenstein, S., Ma, S. S., Zhu, L., \u2026 Yip, S. W. (2020). Is monetary reward processing altered in drug-na\u00efve youth with a behavioral addiction? Findings from internet gaming disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical, 26, 102202. 10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102202https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102202"},{"issue":"1","key":"B56","series-title":"Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15518","article-title":"Reward\u2010related decision\u2010making deficits in internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"117","author":"Yao, Y. W.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao, Y. W., Zhang, J. T., Fang, X. Y., Liu, L., & Potenza, M. N. (2022). Reward\u2010related decision\u2010making deficits in internet gaming disorder: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. Addiction, 117(1), 19\u201332. 10.1111\/add.15518https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.15518"},{"key":"B57","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.026","article-title":"Generalized anxiety disorder in urban China: Prevalence, awareness, and disease burden","volume":"234","author":"Yu, W.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu, W., Singh, S. S., Calhoun, S., Zhang, H., Zhao, X., & Yang, F. (2018). Generalized anxiety disorder in urban China: Prevalence, awareness, and disease burden. Journal of Affective Disorders, 234, 89\u201396. 10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.026https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.06.026"},{"key":"B58","series-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.017","article-title":"The relationships between screen time and mental health problems among Chinese adults","volume":"146","author":"Zhang, Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Hu, W., Zhan, N., Zou, J., Wang, J., & Geng, F. (2022). The relationships between screen time and mental health problems among Chinese adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 146, 279\u2013285. 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.017https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.11.017"},{"issue":"12","key":"B59","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14383","article-title":"Comparing monetary gain and loss in the monetary incentive delay task: EEG evidence","volume":"60","author":"Zhang, Y.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Rong, Y., Hu, L., M\u00fcller, H. J., & Wei, P. (2023). Comparing monetary gain and loss in the monetary incentive delay task: EEG evidence. Psychophysiology, 60(12), e14383. 10.1111\/psyp.14383https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.14383"},{"key":"B60","series-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2147\/prbm.s302551","article-title":"Effects of online social support and perceived social support on the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage among Chinese undergraduates","author":"Zhao, C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, C., Xu, H., Lai, X., Yang, X., Tu, X., Ding, N., \u2026 Zhang, G. (2021). Effects of online social support and perceived social support on the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage among Chinese undergraduates. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 529\u2013539. 10.2147\/prbm.s302551https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/prbm.s302551"},{"issue":"7","key":"B61","series-title":"Psychophysiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12855","article-title":"Reward processing in gain versus loss context: An ERPs study","volume":"54","author":"Zheng, Y.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, Q., Shen, H., Gao, Q., & Zhou, S. (2017). Reward processing in gain versus loss context: An ERPs study. Psychophysiology, 54(7), 1040\u20131053. 10.1111\/psyp.12855https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/psyp.12855"},{"issue":"2","key":"B62","series-title":"Organizational Research Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428119833164","article-title":"Intensive longitudinal data analyses with dynamic structural equation modeling","volume":"24","author":"Zhou, L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Wang, M., & Zhang, Z. (2021). Intensive longitudinal data analyses with dynamic structural equation modeling. Organizational Research Methods, 24(2), 219\u2013250. 10.1177\/1094428119833164https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094428119833164"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/14\/3\/article-p1429.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/14\/3\/article-p1429.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/14\/3\/article-p1429.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T13:23:31Z","timestamp":1782307411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/14\/3\/article-p1429.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2025.00066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]}}}