{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:36:25Z","timestamp":1791689785316,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RF1MH128614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1MH128614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caffeine is the most commonly used substance during gaming sessions. Despite health guidelines to avoid caffeine before adulthood, many adolescents use caffeine to compensate for lost sleep or prolong wakefulness to enhance gaming performance. The relationship between gaming and sleep is well-established, but the role of caffeine has been under-explored. This study investigated the potential mediating effect of caffeine use on the relationship between gaming duration\/problems and sleep duration\/difficulties in young adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Years 2, 3, and 4 follow-up data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study were analyzed (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2,749, Mage = 11.9\u2009at\u2009Year 2). Data from questionnaires on daily gaming duration and problematic gaming (Year 2), weekly caffeine use (Year 3), and daily sleep duration and sleep difficulties (Year 4) were examined. Analyses were conducted using an R package for causal mediation analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caffeine use partially mediated the positive relationship between gaming hours\/problems and sleep difficulties and the negative relationship between gaming hours\/problems and sleep duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mediating effect of caffeine use was small but statistically significant in the relationship between gaming duration\/problems and sleep duration\/difficulties in young adolescents. Given the widespread use of caffeine among adolescents who game and the potential impact of modifying consumption during development, caffeine use could potentially be targeted to reduce sleep-related harm and other associated health issues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T15:00:21Z","timestamp":1757602821000},"page":"1368-1379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The effect of caffeine use in the relationship between gaming and sleep in adolescents: A\u00a0mediation analysis"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7988-4704","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2872-9973","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuewei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6323-1354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc N.","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-0476","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yihong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"Journal of Caffeine Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/jcr.2017.0009","article-title":"A survey on caffeine consumption and risky behaviors among a sample of secondary school students in Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"Akanni, O. 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