{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T13:50:14Z","timestamp":1782309014773,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["RF1 MH128614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1 MH128614"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AA029611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA029611"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Developmental onset has been linked to addictive problems and severity, including for behavioral addictions like gambling disorder. Individual differences associated with race have been linked to addictive behaviors and disorders in complex manners. Race is understood as a multidimensional construct encompassing biological and social influences. This raises questions about how race should be conceptualized and modeled in brain-behavior relationship studies relevant to addictive behaviors and disorders. Here, we consider two recent publications involving early initiation of substance use (EISU). They derive potentially different conclusions, perhaps in part relating to how race and ethnicity were considered in analyses. Implications for behavioral addictions are explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T15:00:16Z","timestamp":1757602816000},"page":"1124-1128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How should race be best considered in understanding brain-behavior relationships? Implications for understanding onset of\u00a0engagement in addictive behaviors and\u00a0subsequent problems"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2872-9973","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuewei","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8730-0476","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yihong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6323-1354","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc N.","family":"Potenza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Child Study Center, Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA"},{"name":"Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","author":"Anderson, M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anderson, M., Faverio, M., & Gottfried, J. 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