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Social exclusion and altruistic punishment are intended to promote behavioral conformity, yet paradoxically may exacerbate rather than correct targeted behaviors among individuals with addictions already experiencing chronic rejection. Several preliminary studies show that social exclusion increases money desirability in general populations, however, the interaction between acute social exclusion and economic decision-making among individuals with gambling disorders (PGs)\u2014marked by aberrant financial decision-making\u2014remains unexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a field study, 203 gamblers were recruited outside gambling venues and randomized to experience either social inclusion or exclusion via Cyberball, a virtual ball-tossing paradigm. Participants then completed an ultimatum game, making accept\/reject decisions on fair and unfair monetary offers, followed by the Problem Gambling Severity Index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social exclusion increased unfair offer acceptance among PGs but had no effect on low- and moderate-risk gamblers. PGs accepted more unfair offers following exclusion than inclusion. Gambling severity had no effect on unfair offers acceptance. Neither social exclusion nor gambling severity affected fair offer acceptance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Social exclusion triggered utilitarian decision-making only among PGs. This selective effect suggests rejection compromises PGs' economic decision-making processes, shifting priorities toward immediate monetary gains over equitable outcomes. These findings reveal how social punishment creates self-reinforcing cycles where exclusion triggers the utilitarian mindset characterizing problematic gambling. Treatment and societal approaches relying on social consequences may inadvertently strengthen harmful patterns, highlighting the need for inclusion-based interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T14:39:25Z","timestamp":1767710365000},"page":"515-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When rejection backfires: Social exclusion and economic decision-making in gamblers"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4126-8658","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sharon","family":"Rabinovitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel"},{"name":"The Unit and The Laboratory for Excellence in Research & Study of Addiction (ERSA) and The\u00a0Center for the Study of Crime, Law, and Society, University of Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0582-0361","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maayan","family":"Nagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Criminology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Alcoholics anonymous","author":"Alcoholics Anonymous.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alcoholics Anonymous. 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