{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:51:07Z","timestamp":1789685467845,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many countries have legalised gambling, negatively impacting public health. Stakeholders are particularly concerned about online gambling advertising harming young adults. The\u00a0Netherlands has legalised offline and online gambling, but subsequently introduced restrictions on advertising. Specifically, advertisements must not target young adults aged between 18 and 23. The EU Digital Services Act requires major social media platforms to publish databases of all paid adverts shown and disclose which demographic groups were the intended targets and how many users were eventually reached. We assessed whether Dutch gambling ads on social media illegally targeted under-24s.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We systematically collected recent advertisements (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 277) published by both online and offline Dutch gambling licensees and associated demographic targeting and reach data using Meta's Ad Library. We then assessed whether the age range of users targeted by those ads included prohibited targets.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The compliance rate was 92.7% for online gambling licensee ads, but only 70.2% for offline licensee ads.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant minority of gambling ads illegally targeted Dutch young adults under 24. Whilst compliance is relatively high, building some confidence, the regulator must robustly enforce the rule against all licensees. Meta should adopt platform-level changes to reduce compliance friction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prohibiting gambling adverts from targeting vulnerable demographics using technology is a practicable policy. Legally mandated data access can facilitate public scrutiny of policy implementation, enhancing accountability. Other countries may benefit from emulating these Dutch gambling advertising restrictions and EU advertising transparency regulations, better protecting vulnerable consumer demographics and enabling local research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2026.00037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:14:36Z","timestamp":1777482876000},"page":"833-845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A significant minority of Dutch gambling adverts on social media illegally targeted and likely reached under-24s: Assessing compliance using\u00a0Meta's advertising repository mandated by\u00a0the EU Digital Services Act"],"prefix":"10.1556","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0709-0777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leon Y.","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, UK"},{"name":"beClaws.org, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2137-2952","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Callum","family":"Deery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Creative Media, City University of Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviours","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000885","article-title":"Safer gambling and consumer protection failings among 40 frequently visited cryptocurrency-based online gambling operators","volume":"37","author":"Andrade, M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andrade, M., Sharman, S., Xiao, L. 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