{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:56:47Z","timestamp":1791280607926,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n Escapism is frequently linked to gaming disorder and psychological distress, but findings vary across measurement approaches and study contexts. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized psychological correlates of escapism in gaming, quantified their associations, reviewed measurement approaches, and tested differences by measurement tool and study focus.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for quantitative studies published between 2013 and 2026. A total of 119 publications (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n = 119,730) met inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for variables reported in at least three independent studies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The review identified 251 unique variables across seven categories, with Clinical Factors most frequently examined. The strongest pooled associations were observed for negative affect (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = .51), gaming disorder (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = .51), and internet gaming disorder (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = .50). Moderate positive associations were found for problematic gaming, gaming addiction, internet addiction, depression, anxiety, stress, loneliness, social anxiety, and difficulties in emotion regulation. Self-esteem and life satisfaction were negatively associated with escapism, whereas positive affect, well-being, flow, autonomy, competence, and relatedness were nonsignificant. Eighteen measurement approaches were identified, and subgroup analyses showed no significant differences by measurement tool or study focus.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Escapism was most consistently associated with gaming-related problems and psychological distress. Evidence concerning well-being-related correlates was comparatively limited. Future research should use multidimensional measures and longitudinal designs to clarify distinct forms and functions of escapism.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2026.00121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:38:29Z","timestamp":1791279509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Escapism in gaming: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1556","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4819-7769","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Kiszka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0625-383X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Strojny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6016-044X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Strojny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Entertainment Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2020.100390","article-title":"Playful-consumption experiences and subjective well-being: Children's smartphone usage","volume":"36","author":"Abbasi, A. Z.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abbasi, A. Z., Shamim, A., Ting, D. H., Hlavacs, H., & Rehman, U. (2021). Playful-consumption experiences and subjective well-being: Children's smartphone usage. Entertainment Computing, 36, 100390. 10.1016\/j.entcom.2020.100390https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcom.2020.100390"},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Psychiatric Quarterly","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-024-10075-w","article-title":"Cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and emotional predictors of the intensity of internet gaming disorder among adolescents","volume":"95","author":"Akbari, M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akbari, M., Mohammadaliha, N., Mohammadkhani, S., Seydavi, M., & Griffiths, M. (2024). Cognitive, metacognitive, motivational, and emotional predictors of the intensity of internet gaming disorder among adolescents. Psychiatric Quarterly, 95(3), 385\u2013414. 10.1007\/s11126-024-10075-whttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11126-024-10075-w"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"3","key":"B4","series-title":"Journal of Consumer Marketing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1108\/JCM-11-2020-4242","article-title":"The ultimate escape: Escapism, sports fan passion and procrastination across two cultures","volume":"39","author":"Astakhova, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Astakhova, M., Leonard, E. B., Doty, D. H., Yang, J., & Yu, M. (2022). The ultimate escape: Escapism, sports fan passion and procrastination across two cultures. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 39(3), 278\u2013293. 10.1108\/JCM-11-2020-4242https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JCM-11-2020-4242"},{"issue":"3","key":"B5","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00053","article-title":"Gaming motivations and gaming disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"B\u00e4cklund, C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"B\u00e4cklund, C., Elbe, P., Gavelin, H. M., S\u00f6rman, D. E., & Ljungberg, J. K. (2022). Gaming motivations and gaming disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(3), 667\u2013688. 10.1556\/2006.2022.00053https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2022.00053"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100504","article-title":"Validating the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ) within the WHO and APA gaming disorder symptoms frameworks","volume":"16","author":"B\u00e4cklund, C.","year":"2024","unstructured":"B\u00e4cklund, C., Eriksson S\u00f6rman, D., Gavelin, H. M., Demetrovics, Z., Kir\u00e1ly, O., & Ljungberg, J. K. (2024). Validating the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ) within the WHO and APA gaming disorder symptoms frameworks. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 16, 100504. 10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100504https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100504"},{"issue":"5","key":"B7","series-title":"Addiction Research & Theory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2017.1305360","article-title":"Do gaming motives mediate between psychiatric symptoms and problematic gaming? An empirical survey study","volume":"25","author":"Ballabio, M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballabio, M., Griffiths, M. D., Urb\u00e1n, R., Quartiroli, A., Demetrovics, Z., & Kir\u00e1ly, O. (2017). Do gaming motives mediate between psychiatric symptoms and problematic gaming? An empirical survey study. Addiction Research & Theory, 25(5), 397\u2013408. 10.1080\/16066359.2017.1305360https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16066359.2017.1305360"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.152117","article-title":"The mediating effect of motivations between psychiatric distress and gaming disorder among esport gamers and recreational gamers","volume":"94","author":"B\u00e1nyai, F.","year":"2019","unstructured":"B\u00e1nyai, F., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Kir\u00e1ly, O. (2019). The mediating effect of motivations between psychiatric distress and gaming disorder among esport gamers and recreational gamers. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 94, 152117. 10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.152117https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.152117"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01866","article-title":"Career as a professional gamer: Gaming motives as predictors of career plans to become a professional esport player","volume":"11","author":"B\u00e1nyai, F.","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00e1nyai, F., Zsila, \u00c1., Griffiths, M. D., Demetrovics, Z., & Kir\u00e1ly, O. (2020). Career as a professional gamer: Gaming motives as predictors of career plans to become a professional esport player. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01866https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01866"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Escaping the self: Alcoholism, spirituality, masochism, and other flights from the burden of selfhood","author":"Baumeister, R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Baumeister, R. (1991). Escaping the self: Alcoholism, spirituality, masochism, and other flights from the burden of selfhood. Basic Books."},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.11","article-title":"Are some subtypes of video gamer more at risk for gambling issues? A latent class analysis of a Canadian sample of University students","volume":"46","author":"Biegun, J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Biegun, J., Edgerton, J., & Keough, M. (2021). Are some subtypes of video gamer more at risk for gambling issues? A latent class analysis of a Canadian sample of University students. Journal of Gambling Issues, 46. 10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.11https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.11"},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Games and Culture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1555412019897524","article-title":"Measuring problem online video gaming and its association with problem gambling and suspected motivational, mental health, and behavioral risk factors in a sample of university students","volume":"16","author":"Biegun, J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biegun, J., Edgerton, J., & Roberts, L. (2020). Measuring problem online video gaming and its association with problem gambling and suspected motivational, mental health, and behavioral risk factors in a sample of university students. Games and Culture, 16, 155541201989752. 10.1177\/1555412019897524https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1555412019897524"},{"issue":"3","key":"B13","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.009","article-title":"Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research","volume":"4","author":"Billieux, J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Billieux, J., Schimmenti, A., Khazaal, Y., Maurage, P., & Heeren, A. (2015). Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(3), 119\u2013123. 10.1556\/2006.4.2015.009https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.4.2015.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"B14","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.021","article-title":"Why do you play World of Warcraft? An in-depth exploration of self-reported motivations to play online and in-game behaviours in the virtual world of Azeroth","volume":"29","author":"Billieux, J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Billieux, J., Van Der Linden, M., Achab, S., Khazaal, Y., Paraskevopoulos, L., Zullino, D., & Thorens, G. (2013). Why do you play World of Warcraft? An in-depth exploration of self-reported motivations to play online and in-game behaviours in the virtual world of Azeroth. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 103\u2013109. 10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.021https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2012.07.021"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.12","article-title":"The role of video gaming motives in the relationship between personality risk traits and internet gaming disorder","author":"Biolcati, R.","year":"2021a","unstructured":"Biolcati, R., Passini, S., & Pupi, V. (2021a). The role of video gaming motives in the relationship between personality risk traits and internet gaming disorder. 10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.12https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.12"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.107530","article-title":"Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) player profiles: Exploring player's motives predicting internet addiction disorder","volume":"10","author":"Biolcati, R.","year":"2021b","unstructured":"Biolcati, R., Pupi, V., & Mancini, G. (2021b). Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG) player profiles: Exploring player's motives predicting internet addiction disorder. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 10(1), Article 1. 10.5812\/ijhrba.107530https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijhrba.107530"},{"issue":"1","key":"B17","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.02","article-title":"Problematic video game use as an emotional coping strategy: Evidence from a sample of\u00a0MMORPG gamers","volume":"8","author":"Blasi, M. D.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blasi, M. D., Giardina, A., Giordano, C., Coco, G. L., Tosto, C., Billieux, J., & Schimmenti, A. (2019). Problematic video game use as an emotional coping strategy: Evidence from a sample of\u00a0MMORPG gamers. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(1), 25\u201334. 10.1556\/2006.8.2019.02https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.8.2019.02"},{"issue":"4","key":"B18","series-title":"Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1007\/s41347-022-00272-4","article-title":"Metacognition, desire thinking and craving in problematic video game use","volume":"7","author":"Bonner, J.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonner, J., Allen, A., Katsikitis, M., Love, S., & Kannis-Dymand, L. (2022). Metacognition, desire thinking and craving in problematic video game use. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 7(4), 532\u2013546. 10.1007\/s41347-022-00272-4https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41347-022-00272-4"},{"key":"B19","series-title":"Introduction to meta\u2010analysis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470743386","author":"Borenstein, M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta\u2010analysis. John Wiley & Sons. 10.1002\/9780470743386https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470743386"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.030","article-title":"Do coping strategies moderate the relationship between escapism and negative gaming outcomes in World of Warcraft (MMORPG) players?","volume":"86","author":"Bowditch, L.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bowditch, L., Chapman, J., & Naweed, A. (2018). Do coping strategies moderate the relationship between escapism and negative gaming outcomes in World of Warcraft (MMORPG) players? Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 69\u201376. 10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.030https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.04.030"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032","article-title":"The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors","volume":"104","author":"Brand, M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brand, M., Wegmann, E., Stark, R., M\u00fcller, A., W\u00f6lfling, K., Robbins, T. W., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1\u201310. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","article-title":"Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model","volume":"71","author":"Brand, M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., W\u00f6lfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252\u2013266. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033"},{"issue":"4","key":"B23","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.084","article-title":"Measures of behavioral function predict duration of video game play: Utilization of the video game functional assessment \u2013 Revised","volume":"6","author":"Buono, F. D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buono, F. D., Griffiths, M. D., Sprong, M. E., Lloyd, D. P., Sullivan, R. M., & Upton, T. D. (2017). Measures of behavioral function predict duration of video game play: Utilization of the video game functional assessment \u2013 Revised. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(4), 572\u2013578. 10.1556\/2006.6.2017.084https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.6.2017.084"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.037","article-title":"Demonstrating the validity of the Video Game Functional Assessment-Revised (VGFA-R)","volume":"54","author":"Buono, F. D.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buono, F. D., Upton, T. D., Griffiths, M. D., Sprong, M. E., & Bordieri, J. (2016). Demonstrating the validity of the Video Game Functional Assessment-Revised (VGFA-R). Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 501\u2013510. 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.037https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.08.037"},{"key":"B25","series-title":"Frontiers in Communication","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2025.1585586","article-title":"Motivations for the use of games in coping and emotional regulation","volume":"10","author":"Cahill, T. J.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cahill, T. J., Cummings, J. J., & Wertz, E. (2025). Motivations for the use of games in coping and emotional regulation. Frontiers in Communication, 10. 10.3389\/fcomm.2025.1585586https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomm.2025.1585586"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Revista de Comunicaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.26441\/RC24.2-2025-3860","article-title":"Drivers for video games perceived addiction among console and smartphone users","volume":"24","author":"Camarero, C.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Camarero, C., Jimenez, N., San Jose, R., & san mart\u00edn, S. (2025). Drivers for video games perceived addiction among console and smartphone users. Revista de Comunicaci\u00f3n, 24, 37\u201355. 10.26441\/RC24.2-2025-3860https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26441\/RC24.2-2025-3860"},{"issue":"10","key":"B27","series-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2025.2574370","article-title":"Maladaptive daydreaming, self-concept clarity, and gaming disorder symptoms assessed through DSM-5 and ICD-11: The role of fantasy and escape motives","volume":"45","author":"Casale, S.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Casale, S., Ghinassi, S., Music\u00f2, A., & Schimmenti, A. (2026). Maladaptive daydreaming, self-concept clarity, and gaming disorder symptoms assessed through DSM-5 and ICD-11: The role of fantasy and escape motives. Behaviour & Information Technology, 45(10), 2234\u20132247. 10.1080\/0144929X.2025.2574370https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2025.2574370"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00077","article-title":"From healthy play to gaming disorder: Psychological profiles from emotional regulation and motivational factors","author":"Castro, C. M.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Castro, C. M., & Neto, D. D. (2025). From healthy play to gaming disorder: Psychological profiles from emotional regulation and motivational factors. 10.1556\/2006.2024.00077https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2024.00077"},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Computers & Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.03.007","article-title":"The mediation effects of gaming motives between game involvement and problematic internet use: Escapism, advancement and socializing","volume":"122","author":"Chang, S.-M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang, S.-M., Hsieh, G. M. Y., & Lin, S. S. J. (2018). The mediation effects of gaming motives between game involvement and problematic internet use: Escapism, advancement and socializing. Computers & Education, 122, 43\u201353. 10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.03.007https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.03.007"},{"key":"B30","series-title":"Information Technology and Management","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10799-024-00440-3","article-title":"Exploring user motivations to proactive stickiness through pleasure-arousal-dominance model towards online games","author":"Chang, H.-H.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang, H.-H., Lin, Y.-H., Lu, Y.-Y., & Lee, C. (2024). Exploring user motivations to proactive stickiness through pleasure-arousal-dominance model towards online games. Information Technology and Management, 1\u201325. 10.1007\/s10799-024-00440-3https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10799-024-00440-3"},{"key":"B31","series-title":"Personality and Individual Differences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2024.112952","article-title":"Network analysis of the relationship between internet gaming motives, internet gaming disorder, and leisure satisfaction","volume":"234","author":"Chen, Y.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Li, Y., Zhao, M., Li, B., & Dong, Y. (2025). Network analysis of the relationship between internet gaming motives, internet gaming disorder, and leisure satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 234, 112952. 10.1016\/j.paid.2024.112952https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2024.112952"},{"key":"B32","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1787380","article-title":"Associations of psychological distress, gaming motives and internet gaming disorder in adolescents: A network analysis","volume":"17","author":"Chen, R.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chen, R., Peng, X., Zhao, L., Li, H., Yao, G., Xu, H., \u2026 Wang, Y. (2026). Associations of psychological distress, gaming motives and internet gaming disorder in adolescents: A network analysis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 17. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1787380https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2026.1787380"},{"key":"B33","series-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-025-01620-0","article-title":"The indirect associations of gaming motivations between psychological distress and problematic gaming","author":"Chew, P. K. H.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chew, P. K. H. (2025). The indirect associations of gaming motivations between psychological distress and problematic gaming. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 10.1007\/s11469-025-01620-0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-025-01620-0"},{"issue":"10","key":"B34","series-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2025.2573427","article-title":"Gaming motivations as moderators and mediators of the gender-internet gaming disorder link","volume":"45","author":"Chew, P. K. H.","year":"2026a","unstructured":"Chew, P. K. H. (2026a). Gaming motivations as moderators and mediators of the gender-internet gaming disorder link. Behaviour & Information Technology, 45(10), 2163\u20132172. 10.1080\/0144929X.2025.2573427https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2025.2573427"},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Personality and Individual Differences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2025.113584","article-title":"Problematic gaming: A cluster analysis using gaming motivations and negative emotional states","volume":"251","author":"Chew, P. K. H.","year":"2026b","unstructured":"Chew, P. K. H. (2026b). Problematic gaming: A cluster analysis using gaming motivations and negative emotional states. Personality and Individual Differences, 251, 113584. 10.1016\/j.paid.2025.113584https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2025.113584"},{"issue":"2","key":"B36","series-title":"Psychiatric Quarterly","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-025-10119-9","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of (internet) gaming disorder among young adults in Singapore","volume":"96","author":"Chew, P. K. H.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chew, P. K. H., Naidu, K. N. C., Shi, J., & Zhang, M. W. B. (2025). Prevalence and correlates of (internet) gaming disorder among young adults in Singapore. Psychiatric Quarterly, 96(2), 345\u2013363. 10.1007\/s11126-025-10119-9https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11126-025-10119-9"},{"key":"bib160","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 10.4324\/9780203771587https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"key":"B37","series-title":"Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/ipm.2020.5","article-title":"A descriptive survey of online gaming characteristics and gaming disorder in Ireland","volume":"40","author":"Columb, D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Columb, D., Griffiths, M., & O'Gara, C. (2020). A descriptive survey of online gaming characteristics and gaming disorder in Ireland. Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40, 1\u20139. 10.1017\/ipm.2020.5https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/ipm.2020.5"},{"issue":"23","key":"B38","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192315709","article-title":"Spending money in free-to-play games: Sociodemographic characteristics, motives, impulsivity and internet gaming disorder specificities","volume":"19","author":"Costes, J.-M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Costes, J.-M., & Bonnaire, C. (2022). Spending money in free-to-play games: Sociodemographic characteristics, motives, impulsivity and internet gaming disorder specificities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), Article 23. 10.3390\/ijerph192315709https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192315709"},{"key":"B39","series-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4749","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S435125","article-title":"The role of self-control dimensions, game motivation, game genre, and game platforms in gaming disorder: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings","volume":"16","author":"Cudo, A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cudo, A., Kopi\u015b-Posiej, N., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023). The role of self-control dimensions, game motivation, game genre, and game platforms in gaming disorder: Cross-sectional and longitudinal findings. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 4749\u20134777. 10.2147\/PRBM.S435125https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PRBM.S435125"},{"issue":"16","key":"B40","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610438","article-title":"The relationship between depressive symptoms, loneliness, self-control, and gaming disorder among Polish male and female gamers: The indirect effects of gaming motives","volume":"19","author":"Cudo, A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cudo, A., Wojtasi\u0144ski, M., Tu\u017cnik, P., Fudali-Czy\u017c, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). The relationship between depressive symptoms, loneliness, self-control, and gaming disorder among Polish male and female gamers: The indirect effects of gaming motives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(16), 10438. 10.3390\/ijerph191610438https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191610438"},{"issue":"5","key":"B41","series-title":"Motivation and Emotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-015-9503-0","article-title":"The psychology of passion: A meta-analytical review of a decade of research on intrapersonal outcomes","volume":"39","author":"Curran, T.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Curran, T., Hill, A. P., Appleton, P. R., Vallerand, R. J., & Standage, M. (2015). The psychology of passion: A meta-analytical review of a decade of research on intrapersonal outcomes. Motivation and Emotion, 39(5), 631\u2013655. 10.1007\/s11031-015-9503-0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11031-015-9503-0"},{"key":"B42","series-title":"Personality and Individual Differences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110483","article-title":"The associations between big five personality traits, gaming motives, and self-reported time spent gaming","volume":"171","author":"de Hesselle, L. C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Hesselle, L. C., Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Pontes, H. M., & Montag, C. (2021). The associations between big five personality traits, gaming motives, and self-reported time spent gaming. Personality and Individual Differences, 171, 110483. 10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110483https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110483"},{"key":"B43","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.02.031","article-title":"Passion or addiction? Correlates of healthy versus problematic use of videogames in a sample of French-speaking regular players","volume":"82","author":"Deleuze, J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deleuze, J., Long, J., Liu, T.-Q., Maurage, P., & Billieux, J. (2018). Passion or addiction? Correlates of healthy versus problematic use of videogames in a sample of French-speaking regular players. Addictive Behaviors, 82, 114\u2013121. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.02.031https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.02.031"},{"key":"B44","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.078","article-title":"Escaping reality through videogames is linked to an implicit preference for virtual over real-life stimuli","volume":"245","author":"Deleuze, J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deleuze, J., Maurage, P., Schimmenti, A., Nuyens, F., Melzer, A., & Billieux, J. (2019). Escaping reality through videogames is linked to an implicit preference for virtual over real-life stimuli. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 1024\u20131031. 10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.078https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2018.11.078"},{"issue":"3","key":"B45","series-title":"Behavior Research Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-011-0091-y","article-title":"Why do you play? The development of the motives for online gaming questionnaire (MOGQ)","volume":"43","author":"Demetrovics, Z.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Demetrovics, Z., Urb\u00e1n, R., Nagygy\u00f6rgy, K., Farkas, J., Zilahy, D., Merv\u00f3, B., \u2026 Harmath, E. (2011). Why do you play? The development of the motives for online gaming questionnaire (MOGQ). Behavior Research Methods, 43(3), 814\u2013825. 10.3758\/s13428-011-0091-yhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-011-0091-y"},{"key":"B46","series-title":"Personality and Individual Differences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.109921","article-title":"A compensatory model to understand dysfunctional personality traits in problematic gaming: The role of vulnerable narcissism","volume":"160","author":"Di Blasi, M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Blasi, M., Giardina, A., Lo Coco, G., Giordano, C., Billieux, J., & Schimmenti, A. (2020). A compensatory model to understand dysfunctional personality traits in problematic gaming: The role of vulnerable narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 160, 109921. 10.1016\/j.paid.2020.109921https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2020.109921"},{"key":"B47","series-title":"Iranian Journal of Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.18502\/ijps.v17i4.10697","article-title":"Psychometric characteristics of the Iranian version of the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (I-MOGQ)","volume":"17","author":"Dowran, B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dowran, B., Yekta, F., & Aghaie, E. (2022). Psychometric characteristics of the Iranian version of the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (I-MOGQ). Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 17, 469\u2013475. 10.18502\/ijps.v17i4.10697https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijps.v17i4.10697"},{"key":"B48","series-title":"PeerJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.3393","article-title":"Pathological game use in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder","volume":"5","author":"Engelhardt, C. R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Engelhardt, C. R., Mazurek, M. O., & Hilgard, J. (2017). Pathological game use in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder. PeerJ, 5, e3393. 10.7717\/peerj.3393https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.3393"},{"key":"B49","series-title":"International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba-163653","article-title":"Relationship between internet gaming patterns, game genres, and gaming psychological motivations among students","volume":"14","author":"Fard, F.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fard, F., Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi, M., & Vahedi, M. (2025). Relationship between internet gaming patterns, game genres, and gaming psychological motivations among students. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction, 14, e163653. 10.5812\/ijhrba-163653https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5812\/ijhrba-163653"},{"key":"B50","series-title":"Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Con Ni\u00f1os y Adolescentes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.21134\/rpcna.2020.mon.2056","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Fernandes, B.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fernandes, B., Biswas, U., Mansukhani, R., Vallejo, A., & Essau, C. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents. Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica Con Ni\u00f1os y Adolescentes, 7, 2020\u20132059. 10.21134\/rpcna.2020.mon.2056https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21134\/rpcna.2020.mon.2056"},{"key":"B51","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100379","article-title":"Internet use during COVID-19 lockdown among young people in low- and middle-income countries: Role of psychological wellbeing","volume":"14","author":"Fernandes, B.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fernandes, B., Uzun, B., Aydin, C., Tan-Mansukhani, R., Vallejo, A., Salda\u00f1a-Gutierrez, A., \u2026 Essau, C. A. (2021). Internet use during COVID-19 lockdown among young people in low- and middle-income countries: Role of psychological wellbeing. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 14, 100379. 10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100379https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2021.100379"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"B52","series-title":"The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711010X502733","article-title":"How to do a meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Field, A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Field, A., & Gillett, R. (2010). How to do a meta-analysis. The British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 63(Pt 3). 10.1348\/000711010X502733https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/000711010X502733"},{"key":"B53","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107756","article-title":"Escaping through video games: Using your avatar to find meaning in life","volume":"144","author":"Fraser, R.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fraser, R., Slattery, J., & Yakovenko, I. (2023). Escaping through video games: Using your avatar to find meaning in life. Computers in Human Behavior, 144, 107756. 10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107756https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107756"},{"key":"B54","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1793599","article-title":"Social loneliness and internet gaming addiction among adolescents: The mediating roles of escape motivation and self-control","volume":"17","author":"Gan, Q.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Gan, Q., & Wang, H. (2026). Social loneliness and internet gaming addiction among adolescents: The mediating roles of escape motivation and self-control. Frontiers in Psychology, 17. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1793599https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2026.1793599"},{"key":"B55","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.09.002","article-title":"How does social presence influence SNS addiction? A belongingness theory perspective","volume":"77","author":"Gao, W.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao, W., Liu, Z., & Li, J. (2017). How does social presence influence SNS addiction? A belongingness theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 77, 347\u2013355. 10.1016\/j.chb.2017.09.002https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.09.002"},{"key":"B56","series-title":"Clinical Psychology and Special Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.17759\/cpse.2024130205","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder and unmet psychological needs: Mediating roles of self-esteem, depression, and escapism","volume":"13","author":"Gedik, Z.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gedik, Z., & Gulec, M. (2024). Internet gaming disorder and unmet psychological needs: Mediating roles of self-esteem, depression, and escapism. Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 13, 76\u201393. 10.17759\/cpse.2024130205https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17759\/cpse.2024130205"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00059","article-title":"From active escapism to virtual withdrawal: Validation of the Compensatory-Dissociative Online Gaming scales (C-DOGs)","author":"Giardina, A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giardina, A., Fournier, L., Starcevic, V., King, D. L., Blasi, M. D., Schimmenti, A., & Billieux, J. (2024). From active escapism to virtual withdrawal: Validation of the Compensatory-Dissociative Online Gaming scales (C-DOGs). 10.1556\/2006.2024.00059https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2024.00059"},{"key":"B58","series-title":"Psychiatric Quarterly","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11126-019-09656-x","article-title":"A further test of the impact of online gaming on psychological wellbeing and the role of play motivations and problematic use","volume":"90","author":"Goh, C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goh, C., Jones, C., & Copello, A. (2019). A further test of the impact of online gaming on psychological wellbeing and the role of play motivations and problematic use. Psychiatric Quarterly, 90. 10.1007\/s11126-019-09656-xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11126-019-09656-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B59","series-title":"Current Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3821","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-023-04557-6","article-title":"Conditional role of parental controlling mediation on the relationship between escape, daily game time, and gaming disorder","volume":"43","author":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc, Z.","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc, Z., & \u00d6zer, A. (2024). Conditional role of parental controlling mediation on the relationship between escape, daily game time, and gaming disorder. Current Psychology, 43(4), 3821\u20133829. 10.1007\/s12144-023-04557-6https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-023-04557-6"},{"key":"B60","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1032700","article-title":"The impacts of academic stress on college students' problematic smartphone use and internet gaming disorder under the background of neijuan: Hierarchical regressions with mediational analysis on escape and coping motives","volume":"13","author":"Gu, X.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu, X., & Mao, E. (2023). The impacts of academic stress on college students' problematic smartphone use and internet gaming disorder under the background of neijuan: Hierarchical regressions with mediational analysis on escape and coping motives. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1032700https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.1032700"},{"key":"B61","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106989","article-title":"Mobile gaming and internet addiction: When is playing no longer just fun and games?","volume":"126","author":"Haberlin, K. A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haberlin, K. A., & Atkin, D. J. (2022). Mobile gaming and internet addiction: When is playing no longer just fun and games? Computers in Human Behavior, 126, 106989. 10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106989https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106989"},{"key":"B62","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2012.0222","article-title":"Escapism among players of MMORPGs-Conceptual clarification, its relation to mental health factors, and development of a new measure","volume":"17","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m, D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hagstr\u00f6m, D., & Kaldo, V. (2014). Escapism among players of MMORPGs-Conceptual clarification, its relation to mental health factors, and development of a new measure. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17. 10.1089\/cyber.2012.0222https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2012.0222"},{"issue":"4","key":"B63","series-title":"Psychological Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.486","article-title":"Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Hedges, L. V.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hedges, L. V., & Vevea, J. L. (1998). Fixed- and random-effects models in meta-analysis. Psychological Methods, 3(4), 486\u2013504. 10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.486https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.3.4.486"},{"key":"B64","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00608","article-title":"Individual differences in motives, preferences, and pathology in video games: The gaming attitudes, motives, and experiences scales (GAMES)","volume":"4","author":"Hilgard, J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hilgard, J., Engelhardt, C. R., & Bartholow, B. D. (2013). Individual differences in motives, preferences, and pathology in video games: The gaming attitudes, motives, and experiences scales (GAMES). Frontiers in Psychology, 4. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00608https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00608"},{"key":"B65","series-title":"Current Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31068","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06631-z","article-title":"The Motivation to Play Scale (MOPS)\u2014Introducing a validated measure of gaming motivation","volume":"43","author":"Holl, E.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holl, E., Sischka, P., Wagener, G., & Melzer, A. (2024). The Motivation to Play Scale (MOPS)\u2014Introducing a validated measure of gaming motivation. Current Psychology, 43, 31068\u201331080. 10.1007\/s12144-024-06631-zhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-024-06631-z"},{"key":"B66","series-title":"Decision Support Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2024.114207","article-title":"How does escapism foster game experience and game use?","volume":"181","author":"Huang, T.-L.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, T.-L., Yeh, J.-R., Liao, G.-Y., Cheng, T. C. E., Chang, Y.-C., & Teng, C.-I. (2024). How does escapism foster game experience and game use? Decision Support Systems, 181, 114207. 10.1016\/j.dss.2024.114207https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dss.2024.114207"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.12","article-title":"Disentangling the effects of empathy components on internet gaming disorder: A study of vulnerable youth in China","author":"Hui, B. P. H.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hui, B. P. H., Wu, A. M. S., & Pun, N. (2019). Disentangling the effects of empathy components on internet gaming disorder: A study of vulnerable youth in China. 10.1556\/2006.8.2019.12https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.8.2019.12"},{"issue":"4","key":"B68","series-title":"Journal of Consumer Behaviour","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/cb.70143","article-title":"Wired to win, drained to play: Investigating the personality-fatigue nexus in gamers","volume":"25","author":"Husain, R.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Husain, R., & Nath, S. (2026). Wired to win, drained to play: Investigating the personality-fatigue nexus in gamers. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 25(4), 1751\u20131769. 10.1002\/cb.70143https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cb.70143"},{"issue":"14","key":"B69","series-title":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8897","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2024.2415758","article-title":"From play to pay: Exploring imaginal and emotional virtual item retail experiences in online game environment","volume":"41","author":"Hussain, A.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain, A., Mirza, F., Sarker, M., & Ting, D. H. (2025). From play to pay: Exploring imaginal and emotional virtual item retail experiences in online game environment. International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction, 41(14), 8897\u20138911. 10.1080\/10447318.2024.2415758https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2024.2415758"},{"issue":"2","key":"B70","series-title":"Substance Use & Misuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2021.2002897","article-title":"To get high or to get out? Examining the link between addictive behaviors and escapism","volume":"57","author":"Jouhki, H.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jouhki, H., & Oksanen, A. (2022). To get high or to get out? Examining the link between addictive behaviors and escapism. Substance Use & Misuse, 57(2), 202\u2013211. 10.1080\/10826084.2021.2002897https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10826084.2021.2002897"},{"key":"B71","series-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-024-01394-x","article-title":"What are escapists made of, and what does it have to do with excessive gambling and gaming?","author":"Jouhki, H.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jouhki, H., Savolainen, I., Hagfors, H., Vuorinen, I., & Oksanen, A. (2024). What are escapists made of, and what does it have to do with excessive gambling and gaming? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1\u201318. 10.1007\/s11469-024-01394-xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-024-01394-x"},{"issue":"19","key":"B72","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912491","article-title":"Escapism and excessive online behaviors: A three-wave longitudinal study in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"19","author":"Jouhki, H.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jouhki, H., Savolainen, I., Sirola, A., & Oksanen, A. (2022). Escapism and excessive online behaviors: A three-wave longitudinal study in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12491. 10.3390\/ijerph191912491https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191912491"},{"issue":"5","key":"B73","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2013.0595","article-title":"MMORPG escapism predicts decreased well-being: Examination of gaming time, game realism beliefs, and online social support for offline problems","volume":"17","author":"Kaczmarek, L. D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaczmarek, L. D., & Dr\u0105\u017ckowski, D. (2014). MMORPG escapism predicts decreased well-being: Examination of gaming time, game realism beliefs, and online social support for offline problems. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(5), 298\u2013302. 10.1089\/cyber.2013.0595https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2013.0595"},{"key":"B74","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.018","article-title":"The Trojan player typology: A cross-genre, cross-cultural, behaviorally validated scale of video game play motivations","volume":"49","author":"Kahn, A. S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kahn, A. S., Shen, C., Lu, L., Ratan, R. A., Coary, S., Hou, J., \u2026 Williams, D. (2015). The Trojan player typology: A cross-genre, cross-cultural, behaviorally validated scale of video game play motivations. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 354\u2013361. 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.018https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.03.018"},{"key":"B75","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.017","article-title":"Problematizing excessive online gaming and its psychological predictors","volume":"31","author":"Kardefelt-Winther, D.","year":"2014a","unstructured":"Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014a). Problematizing excessive online gaming and its psychological predictors. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 118\u2013122. 10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.017https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.017"},{"key":"B76","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.020","article-title":"The moderating role of psychosocial well-being on the relationship between escapism and excessive online gaming","volume":"38","author":"Kardefelt-Winther, D.","year":"2014b","unstructured":"Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014b). The moderating role of psychosocial well-being on the relationship between escapism and excessive online gaming. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 68\u201374. 10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.020https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2014.05.020"},{"issue":"10","key":"B77","series-title":"Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13763","article-title":"How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours?","volume":"112","author":"Kardefelt-Winther, D.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kardefelt-Winther, D., Heeren, A., Schimmenti, A., van Rooij, A., Maurage, P., Carras, M., \u2026 Billieux, J. (2017). How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours? Addiction, 112(10), 1709\u20131715. 10.1111\/add.13763https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13763"},{"key":"B78","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101131","article-title":"Differences in general and gaming-specific self-esteem and their association with different psychological and gaming-related outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Katz, D.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Katz, D., Urb\u00e1n, R., Derevensky, J., Koncz, P., Horv\u00e1th, Z., Demetrovics, Z., & Kir\u00e1ly, O. (2026). Differences in general and gaming-specific self-esteem and their association with different psychological and gaming-related outcomes. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 22, 101131. 10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101131https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101131"},{"key":"B79","series-title":"Psychiatry Investigation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2016.13.1.58","article-title":"Characteristics and psychiatric symptoms of internet gaming disorder among adults using self-reported DSM-5 criteria","volume":"13","author":"Kim, N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, N., Hwang, S., Choi, J.-S., Kim, D.-J., Demetrovics, Z., Kir\u00e1ly, O., \u2026 Choi, S.-W. (2016). Characteristics and psychiatric symptoms of internet gaming disorder among adults using self-reported DSM-5 criteria. Psychiatry Investigation, 13, 58. 10.4306\/pi.2016.13.1.58https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4306\/pi.2016.13.1.58"},{"key":"B80","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107019","article-title":"Korean validation of the motives for online gaming questionnaire: Focusing on its factor structure and incremental validity","volume":"122","author":"Kim, B.-N.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, B.-N., & Kang, H. S. (2021). Korean validation of the motives for online gaming questionnaire: Focusing on its factor structure and incremental validity. Addictive Behaviors, 122, 107019. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107019https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107019"},{"key":"B81","series-title":"Clinical Psychology Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101831","article-title":"Screening and assessment tools for gaming disorder: A comprehensive systematic review","volume":"77","author":"King, D. L.","year":"2020","unstructured":"King, D. L., Chamberlain, S. R., Carragher, N., Billieux, J., Stein, D., Mueller, K., \u2026 Delfabbro, P. H. (2020). Screening and assessment tools for gaming disorder: A comprehensive systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 77, 101831. 10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101831https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101831"},{"issue":"3","key":"B82","series-title":"Clinical Psychology Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.002","article-title":"Toward a consensus definition of\u00a0pathological video-gaming: A systematic review of psychometric\u00a0assessment tools","volume":"33","author":"King, D. L.","year":"2013","unstructured":"King, D. L., Haagsma, M. C., Delfabbro, P. H., Gradisar, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2013). Toward a consensus definition of\u00a0pathological video-gaming: A systematic review of psychometric\u00a0assessment tools. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(3), 331\u2013342. 10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.002https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.01.002"},{"issue":"3","key":"B83","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00048","article-title":"A comprehensive model to understand and assess the motivational background of video game use: The Gaming Motivation Inventory (GMI)","volume":"11","author":"Kir\u00e1ly, O.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kir\u00e1ly, O., Billieux, J., King, D. L., Urb\u00e1n, R., Koncz, P., Polg\u00e1r, E., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022). A comprehensive model to understand and assess the motivational background of video game use: The Gaming Motivation Inventory (GMI). Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(3), 796\u2013819. 10.1556\/2006.2022.00048https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2022.00048"},{"key":"B84","series-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000316","article-title":"Intense video gaming is not essentially problematic","volume":"31","author":"Kir\u00e1ly, O.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kir\u00e1ly, O., T\u00f3th, D., Urb\u00e1n, R., Demetrovics, Z., & Maraz, A. (2017). Intense video gaming is not essentially problematic. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31. 10.1037\/adb0000316https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000316"},{"issue":"4","key":"B85","series-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.3515","article-title":"The mediating effect of gaming motivation between psychiatric symptoms and problematic online gaming: An online survey","volume":"17","author":"Kir\u00e1ly, O.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kir\u00e1ly, O., Urb\u00e1n, R., Griffiths, M. D., \u00c1goston, C., Nagygy\u00f6rgy, K., K\u00f6k\u00f6nyei, G., & Demetrovics, Z. (2015). The mediating effect of gaming motivation between psychiatric symptoms and problematic online gaming: An online survey. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(4), e3515. 10.2196\/jmir.3515https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.3515"},{"issue":"5","key":"B86","series-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00179-x","article-title":"Trait emotional intelligence and internet gaming disorder among gamers: The mediating role of online gaming motives and moderating role of age groups","volume":"18","author":"Kircaburun, K.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kircaburun, K., Demetrovics, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Kir\u00e1ly, O., Kun, B., & Tosunta\u015f, \u015e. B. (2020). Trait emotional intelligence and internet gaming disorder among gamers: The mediating role of online gaming motives and moderating role of age groups. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 18(5), 1446\u20131457. 10.1007\/s11469-019-00179-xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-019-00179-x"},{"key":"B87","series-title":"Personality and Individual Differences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2018.07.038","article-title":"The dark tetrad traits and problematic online gaming: The mediating role of online gaming motives and moderating role of game types","volume":"135","author":"Kircaburun, K.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kircaburun, K., Jonason, P. K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). The dark tetrad traits and problematic online gaming: The mediating role of online gaming motives and moderating role of game types. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 298\u2013303. 10.1016\/j.paid.2018.07.038https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2018.07.038"},{"issue":"1","key":"B88","series-title":"Simulation & Gaming","first-page":"44","article-title":"Not only for the (Tom) boys: Gender variables as predictors for playing motivations, passion, and addiction for MMORPGs","volume":"50","author":"Kneer, J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kneer, J., Franken, S., & Reich, S. (2019). Not only for the (Tom) boys: Gender variables as predictors for playing motivations, passion, and addiction for MMORPGs. Simulation & Gaming, 50(1), 44\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1046878118823033"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37643-7_4","article-title":"Four pillars of healthy escapism in games: Emotion regulation, mood management, coping, and recovery","author":"Kosa, M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kosa, M., & Uysal, A. (2020). Four pillars of healthy escapism in games: Emotion regulation, mood management, coping, and recovery. 63\u201376. 10.1007\/978-3-030-37643-7_4https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-37643-7_4"},{"issue":"11","key":"B90","series-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1928753","article-title":"Need frustration in online video games","volume":"41","author":"Kosa, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kosa, M., & Uysal, A. (2022). Need frustration in online video games. Behaviour & Information Technology, 41(11), 2415\u20132426. 10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1928753https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1928753"},{"key":"B91","series-title":"Journal of Education and Health Promotion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_2026_23","article-title":"Pattern and correlates of internet gaming disorder among medical students -A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care health institute, Rajasthan","volume":"13","author":"Kumar, A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Gupta, A., Raj, D., & Kumar, A. (2024). Pattern and correlates of internet gaming disorder among medical students -A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care health institute, Rajasthan. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 13. 10.4103\/jehp.jehp_2026_23https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jehp.jehp_2026_23"},{"key":"B92","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108675","article-title":"Determinants of gaming disorder among aspiring professional esports players: A prospective study","volume":"178","author":"Laberge, F.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Laberge, F., Dufour, M., Goyette, M., Morvannou, A., Berrigan, F., & Bonneville-Roussy, A. (2026). Determinants of gaming disorder among aspiring professional esports players: A prospective study. Addictive Behaviors, 178, 108675. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108675https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2026.108675"},{"key":"B93","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.06.012","article-title":"Internet gaming disorder, motives, game genres and psychopathology","volume":"75","author":"Laconi, S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laconi, S., Pir\u00e8s, S., & Chabrol, H. (2017). Internet gaming disorder, motives, game genres and psychopathology. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 652\u2013659. 10.1016\/j.chb.2017.06.012https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.06.012"},{"key":"B94","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106857","article-title":"Winning isn't everything: The impact of optimally challenging smartphone games on flow, game preference and individuals gaming to escape aversive bored states","volume":"123","author":"Larche, C. J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Larche, C. J., & Dixon, M. J. (2021). Winning isn't everything: The impact of optimally challenging smartphone games on flow, game preference and individuals gaming to escape aversive bored states. Computers in Human Behavior, 123, 106857. 10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106857https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106857"},{"key":"B95","series-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.9","article-title":"Escaping the woes through flow? Examining the relationship between escapism, depression, and flow experience in role-playing and platform games","volume":"46","author":"Larche, C. J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Larche, C. J., Tran, P., Kruger, T. B., Dhaliwal, N., & Dixon, M. J. (2021). Escaping the woes through flow? Examining the relationship between escapism, depression, and flow experience in role-playing and platform games. Journal of Gambling Issues, 46, 151\u2013181. 10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.9https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4309\/jgi.2021.46.9"},{"key":"bib161","series-title":"Stress, appraisal, and coping","author":"Lazarus, R. S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company."},{"key":"B96","article-title":"Comparison of eSports and traditional sports consumption motives","author":"Lee, D.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee, D., & Schoenstedt, L. J. (2011). Comparison of eSports and traditional sports consumption motives. https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Comparison-of-eSports-and-Traditional-Sports-Lee-Schoenstedt\/4a430d84f1878f2ef6c5618434158877a0153ad3."},{"key":"B98","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.598585","article-title":"Prevalence of internet gaming disorder and its association with personality traits and gaming characteristics among Chinese adolescent gamers","volume":"11","author":"Liao, Z.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liao, Z., Huang, Q., Huang, S., Tan, L., Shao, T., Fang, T., \u2026 Shen, H. (2020). Prevalence of internet gaming disorder and its association with personality traits and gaming characteristics among Chinese adolescent gamers. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 598585. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.598585https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.598585"},{"issue":"2","key":"B97","series-title":"Psychology of Popular Media","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000567","article-title":"Seeking justice in video games: Belief in a just world and video game preferences","volume":"15","author":"Lee, Y.-H.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Lee, Y.-H., Xu, Q., Yu, X., & He, H. (2026). Seeking justice in video games: Belief in a just world and video game preferences. Psychology of Popular Media, 15(2), 133\u2013141. 10.1037\/ppm0000567https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000567"},{"key":"bib159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13140\/RG.2.2.17823.92329","article-title":"Computation of effect sizes","author":"Lenhard, W.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lenhard, W., & Lenhard, A. (2017). Computation of effect sizes. 10.13140\/RG.2.2.17823.92329https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.2.17823.92329"},{"key":"B99","series-title":"Electronic Commerce Research and Applications","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elerap.2022.101147","article-title":"Real-world demotivation as a predictor of continued video game playing: A study on escapism, anxiety and lack of intrinsic motivation","volume":"53","author":"Liao, G.-Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao, G.-Y., Pham, T. T. L., Huang, H.-Y., Cheng, T. C. E., & Teng, C.-I. (2022). Real-world demotivation as a predictor of continued video game playing: A study on escapism, anxiety and lack of intrinsic motivation. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 53, 101147. 10.1016\/j.elerap.2022.101147https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.elerap.2022.101147"},{"issue":"2","key":"B100","series-title":"Behavior and Philosophy","first-page":"1","article-title":"The rationality of escapism and self-deception","volume":"18","author":"Longeway, J. L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Longeway, J. L. (1990). The rationality of escapism and self-deception. Behavior and Philosophy, 18(2), 1\u201320."},{"key":"B101","series-title":"Psychology of Sport and Exercise","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2023.102384","article-title":"Dynamics and moderating factors of esport participation and loneliness: A daily diary study","volume":"66","author":"Luo, Y.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo, Y., Smith, D. M., Moosbrugger, M., France, T. J., Wang, K., Cheng, Y., \u2026 Si, S. (2023). Dynamics and moderating factors of esport participation and loneliness: A daily diary study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 66, 102384. 10.1016\/j.psychsport.2023.102384https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychsport.2023.102384"},{"issue":"2","key":"B102","series-title":"International\u00a0Journal of Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-016-9726-7","article-title":"Problematic gaming behaviour in Finnish adolescents and young adults: Relation to game genres, gaming motives and self-awareness of problematic use","volume":"15","author":"M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6, N.","year":"2017","unstructured":"M\u00e4nnikk\u00f6, N., Billieux, J., Nordstr\u00f6m, T., Koivisto, K., & K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen, M. (2017). Problematic gaming behaviour in Finnish adolescents and young adults: Relation to game genres, gaming motives and self-awareness of problematic use. International\u00a0Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15(2), 324\u2013338. 10.1007\/s11469-016-9726-7https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-016-9726-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"B103","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00044","article-title":"Social anxiety and internet gaming disorder: The role of motives and metacognitions","volume":"9","author":"Marino, C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marino, C., Canale, N., Vieno, A., Caselli, G., Scacchi, L., & Spada, M. M. (2020). Social anxiety and internet gaming disorder: The role of motives and metacognitions. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(3), 617\u2013628. 10.1556\/2006.2020.00044https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00044"},{"issue":"4","key":"B104","series-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-018-9887-7","article-title":"A stress-coping model of problem online video game use","volume":"17","author":"Maroney, N.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maroney, N., Williams, B. J., Thomas, A., Skues, J., & Moulding, R. (2019). A stress-coping model of problem online video game use. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 845\u2013858. 10.1007\/s11469-018-9887-7https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-018-9887-7"},{"key":"B105","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1257685","article-title":"Escaping through virtual gaming-what is the association with emotional, social, and mental health? A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Marques, L. M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marques, L. M., Uchida, P. M., Aguiar, F. O., Kadri, G., Santos, R. I. M., & Barbosa, S. P. (2023). Escaping through virtual gaming-what is the association with emotional, social, and mental health? A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1257685. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1257685https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1257685"},{"key":"B106","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108112","article-title":"Development of gaming disorder: Underlying risk factors and complex temporal dynamics","volume":"153","author":"Marton\u010dik, M.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marton\u010dik, M., Ropovik, I., & Adamkovi\u010d, M. (2024). Development of gaming disorder: Underlying risk factors and complex temporal dynamics. Computers in Human Behavior, 153, 108112. 10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108112https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2023.108112"},{"key":"B107","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101146","article-title":"Escaping reality or chasing fantasy? Schizotypy, gaming motivations, and problem video gaming","volume":"22","author":"McTigue, B. A.","year":"2026","unstructured":"McTigue, B. A., Slack, J. D., Mackenzie, H., Flack, M., & Caudwell, K. M. (2026). Escaping reality or chasing fantasy? Schizotypy, gaming motivations, and problem video gaming. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 22, 101146. 10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101146https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101146"},{"issue":"1","key":"B108","series-title":"Scientific Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-46538-2","article-title":"Driven by motivation, fueled by rage, and struggling to disengage: A serial mediation model of internet gaming disorder in adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Micha\u0142kiewicz, N.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Micha\u0142kiewicz, N., Strojny, P., & Strojny, A. (2026). Driven by motivation, fueled by rage, and struggling to disengage: A serial mediation model of internet gaming disorder in adolescents. Scientific Reports, 16(1), 10646. 10.1038\/s41598-026-46538-2https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-46538-2"},{"issue":"10","key":"B109","series-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101691","article-title":"Psychopathological symptoms and gaming motives in disordered gaming\u2014A psychometric comparison between the WHO and APA diagnostic frameworks","volume":"8","author":"Montag, C.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montag, C., Schivinski, B., Sariyska, R., Kannen, C., Demetrovics, Z., & Pontes, H. M. (2019). Psychopathological symptoms and gaming motives in disordered gaming\u2014A psychometric comparison between the WHO and APA diagnostic frameworks. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(10), 1691. 10.3390\/jcm8101691https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8101691"},{"key":"B110","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2019.100160","article-title":"The relative contribution of motives and maladaptive cognitions to levels of internet gaming disorder","volume":"9","author":"Moudiab, S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moudiab, S., & Spada, M. M. (2019). The relative contribution of motives and maladaptive cognitions to levels of internet gaming disorder. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 9, 100160. 10.1016\/j.abrep.2019.100160https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2019.100160"},{"key":"B111","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2025.108751","article-title":"Exploring the motivational drivers of extended reality (XR) sports and fitness gameplay intentions","volume":"172","author":"Muller, C.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Muller, C., & Bonnema, J. (2025). Exploring the motivational drivers of extended reality (XR) sports and fitness gameplay intentions. Computers in Human Behavior, 172, 108751. 10.1016\/j.chb.2025.108751https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2025.108751"},{"key":"B112","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.683842","article-title":"Does playing apart really bring us together? Investigating the link between perceived loneliness and the use of video games during a period of social distancing","volume":"13","author":"Nebel, S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nebel, S., & Ninaus, M. (2022). Does playing apart really bring us together? Investigating the link between perceived loneliness and the use of video games during a period of social distancing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.683842https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.683842"},{"issue":"1","key":"B113","series-title":"Brain Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14010048","article-title":"Could the construct of modern-type depression predict internet gaming disorder in Italian video gamers? A case\u2013control study","volume":"14","author":"Orsolini, L.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Orsolini, L., Longo, G., Bellagamba, S., Kato, T. A., & Volpe, U. (2024). Could the construct of modern-type depression predict internet gaming disorder in Italian video gamers? A case\u2013control study. Brain Sciences, 14(1), Article 1. 10.3390\/brainsci14010048https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14010048"},{"key":"B114","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.04.060","article-title":"Game transfer phenomena and its associated factors: An exploratory empirical online survey study","volume":"51","author":"Ortiz de Gortari, A. B.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ortiz de Gortari, A. B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Game transfer phenomena and its associated factors: An exploratory empirical online survey study. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 195\u2013202. 10.1016\/j.chb.2015.04.060https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.04.060"},{"key":"B115","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.06.060","article-title":"An empirical examination of factors associated with game transfer phenomena severity","volume":"64","author":"Ortiz de Gortari, A. B.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ortiz de Gortari, A. B., Oldfield, B., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). An empirical examination of factors associated with game transfer phenomena severity. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 274\u2013284. 10.1016\/j.chb.2016.06.060https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2016.06.060"},{"key":"B116","series-title":"BMJ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page, M. J.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., \u2026 Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. 10.1136\/bmj.n71https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"B117","series-title":"Psychology of Popular Media","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000582","article-title":"SPACE to esc: Affective and motivational correlates to adaptive and maladaptive escapism among video gamers\u2014A network analysis","author":"Pyszkowska, A.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pyszkowska, A., G\u0105sior, T., Stefanek, F., & Stenseng, F. (2025). SPACE to esc: Affective and motivational correlates to adaptive and maladaptive escapism among video gamers\u2014A network analysis. Psychology of Popular Media. 10.1037\/ppm0000582https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000582"},{"key":"B119","series-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2026.105321","article-title":"Determinants of hyperfocus in the context of escapism and gaming motivations, flow, and ADHD symptoms among adult video gamers","volume":"174","author":"Pyszkowska, A.","year":"2026a","unstructured":"Pyszkowska, A., Nowacki, A., & Dziura, N. (2026a). Determinants of hyperfocus in the context of escapism and gaming motivations, flow, and ADHD symptoms among adult video gamers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 174, 105321. 10.1016\/j.ridd.2026.105321https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2026.105321"},{"key":"B120","series-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2026.105241","article-title":"Game on but pay the price: Hyperfocus, flow, escapism, self-efficacy, and burnout among video gamers with ADHD traits","volume":"170","author":"Pyszkowska, A.","year":"2026b","unstructured":"Pyszkowska, A., Nowacki, A., & Dziura, N. (2026b). Game on but pay the price: Hyperfocus, flow, escapism, self-efficacy, and burnout among video gamers with ADHD traits. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 170, 105241. 10.1016\/j.ridd.2026.105241https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2026.105241"},{"issue":"16","key":"B121","series-title":"Current Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13517","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-02490-0","article-title":"Online gaming and internet gaming disorder in Iran: Patterns, motivations, and correlates","volume":"42","author":"Rafiemanesh, H.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rafiemanesh, H., Farnam, R., Sangchooli, A., Rahimi, J., Hamzehzadeh, M., Ghani, K., \u2026 Rahimi-Movaghar, A. (2023). Online gaming and internet gaming disorder in Iran: Patterns, motivations, and correlates. Current Psychology, 42(16), 13517\u201313531. 10.1007\/s12144-021-02490-0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-021-02490-0"},{"key":"B122","series-title":"Entertainment Computing","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2025.100933","article-title":"Digital gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the interplay of psychosocial problems, gaming motivations, and gaming disorder severity","volume":"54","author":"Reer, F.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reer, F. (2025). Digital gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the interplay of psychosocial problems, gaming motivations, and gaming disorder severity. Entertainment Computing, 54, 100933. 10.1016\/j.entcom.2025.100933https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcom.2025.100933"},{"key":"B123","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.04.048","article-title":"Schizotypal personality traits and problematic use of massively-multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPGs)","volume":"74","author":"Schimmenti, A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schimmenti, A., Infanti, A., Badoud, D., Laloyaux, J., & Billieux, J. (2017). Schizotypal personality traits and problematic use of massively-multiplayer online roleplaying games (MMORPGs). Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 286\u2013293. 10.1016\/j.chb.2017.04.048https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.04.048"},{"key":"B124","series-title":"Acta Psychologica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106321","article-title":"Daily stress and gaming \u2013 An ambulatory assessment study in individuals with pathological, risky, and non-problematic gaming behavior","volume":"263","author":"Schmid, A. M.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Schmid, A. M., Thomas, T. A., Oelker, A., Vollbracht, D., Meurer, N., Mallon, L., \u2026 Steins-Loeber, S. (2026). Daily stress and gaming \u2013 An ambulatory assessment study in individuals with pathological, risky, and non-problematic gaming behavior. Acta Psychologica, 263, 106321. 10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106321https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2026.106321"},{"key":"B125","series-title":"Individualisierte Nutzung Der Medien","article-title":"\u201eGame over \u201ddurch fehlendes E-Warrior Talent? Eine empirische Studie \u00fcber den Einfluss von Gaming-Skills auf die Nutzung unterschiedlicher Computerspielgenres","volume":"157","author":"Schumann, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schumann, C., & Schultheiss, D. (2009). \u201eGame over \u201ddurch fehlendes E-Warrior Talent? Eine empirische Studie \u00fcber den Einfluss von Gaming-Skills auf die Nutzung unterschiedlicher Computerspielgenres. Individualisierte Nutzung Der Medien, 157."},{"issue":"6","key":"B126","series-title":"Journal of Personality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1111\/jopy.13003","article-title":"Correlates of borderline personality disorder traits and internet gaming disorder in college students","volume":"93","author":"Sevintuna, A. F.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sevintuna, A. F., Bornovalova, M. A., & Salomon, K. (2024). Correlates of borderline personality disorder traits and internet gaming disorder in college students. Journal of Personality, 93(6), 1226\u20131234. 10.1111\/jopy.13003https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jopy.13003"},{"issue":"4","key":"B127","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2024.0362","article-title":"Down the digital rabbit hole: Objectification increases problematic gaming","volume":"28","author":"Shi, J.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi, J., Zhang, Z., Chen, Z., Wei, T., & He, X. (2025). Down the digital rabbit hole: Objectification increases problematic gaming. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 28(4), 250\u2013258. 10.1089\/cyber.2024.0362https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2024.0362"},{"key":"B128","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2022.100462","article-title":"Toward a delineation of the differences between high engagement and problem gaming","volume":"16","author":"Slack, J. D.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Slack, J. D., Delfabbro, P., & King, D. L. (2022). Toward a delineation of the differences between high engagement and problem gaming. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 16, 100462. 10.1016\/j.abrep.2022.100462https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2022.100462"},{"key":"B129","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100625","article-title":"A mediation analysis of Autistic-like traits and gaming motivations on problem gaming symptoms: Are the effects of social and escape motives the same?","volume":"22","author":"Slack, J. D.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Slack, J. D., Mctigue, B., Mackenzie, H., Flack, M., & Caudwell, K. M. (2025). A mediation analysis of Autistic-like traits and gaming motivations on problem gaming symptoms: Are the effects of social and escape motives the same? Addictive Behaviors Reports, 22, 100625. 10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100625https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abrep.2025.100625"},{"key":"B130","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.06.004","article-title":"A vacation from your mind: Problematic online gaming is a stress response","volume":"38","author":"Snodgrass, J. G.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Snodgrass, J. G., Lacy, M. G., Dengah, H. J. F., Eisenhauer, S., Batchelder, G., & Cookson, R. J. (2014). A vacation from your mind: Problematic online gaming is a stress response. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 248\u2013260. 10.1016\/j.chb.2014.06.004https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2014.06.004"},{"key":"B131","series-title":"International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJGCMS.320516","article-title":"The moderating role of well-being in the relationship between gaming motivation and problematic gaming","volume":"15","author":"\u0160por\u010di\u0107, B.","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u0160por\u010di\u0107, B., & Glavak Tkali\u0107, R. (2023). The moderating role of well-being in the relationship between gaming motivation and problematic gaming. International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations, 15, 1\u201316. 10.4018\/IJGCMS.320516https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/IJGCMS.320516"},{"issue":"1","key":"B132","series-title":"Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2018-1-4","article-title":"The relationship between online gaming motivation, self-concept clarity and tendency toward problematic gaming","volume":"12","author":"\u0160por\u010di\u0107, B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u0160por\u010di\u0107, B., & Glavak-Tkali\u0107, R. (2018). The relationship between online gaming motivation, self-concept clarity and tendency toward problematic gaming. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 12(1), Article 1. 10.5817\/CP2018-1-4https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5817\/CP2018-1-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"B133","series-title":"Psychology of Popular Media","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000339","article-title":"Are there two types of escapism? Exploring a dualistic model of escapism in digital gaming and online streaming","volume":"10","author":"Stenseng, F.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stenseng, F., Falch-Madsen, J., & Hygen, B. W. (2021). Are there two types of escapism? Exploring a dualistic model of escapism in digital gaming and online streaming. Psychology of Popular Media, 10(3), 319\u2013329. 10.1037\/ppm0000339https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000339"},{"key":"B134","series-title":"Leisure Sciences - LEISURE SCI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/01490400.2012.633849","article-title":"Activity engagement as escape from self: The role of self-suppression and self-expansion","volume":"34","author":"Stenseng, F.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stenseng, F., Rise, J., & Kraft, P. (2012). Activity engagement as escape from self: The role of self-suppression and self-expansion. Leisure Sciences - LEISURE SCI, 34, 19\u201338. 10.1080\/01490400.2012.633849https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01490400.2012.633849"},{"key":"B135","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1035196","article-title":"Running to get \u201clost\u201d? Two types of escapism in recreational running and their relations to exercise dependence and subjective well-being","volume":"13","author":"Stenseng, F.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stenseng, F., Steinsholt, I. B., Hygen, B. W., & Kraft, P. (2023). Running to get \u201clost\u201d? Two types of escapism in recreational running and their relations to exercise dependence and subjective well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1035196https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1035196"},{"key":"B136","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101119","article-title":"When the going gets tough, does gaming make it tougher? A shortitudinal study of escapism motivations and subjective well-being among adult gamers","volume":"22","author":"Stenseng, F.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Stenseng, F., Wendelborg, C., Pyszkowska, A., & Hygen, B. (2026). When the going gets tough, does gaming make it tougher? A shortitudinal study of escapism motivations and subjective well-being among adult gamers. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 22, 101119. 10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101119https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101119"},{"issue":"2","key":"B137","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00397","article-title":"Gaming disorder and compensation-based gaming motivations: A longitudinal study of emerging adults","volume":"15","author":"Strojny, P.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Strojny, P., Kowalska, L., Strojny, A., Kiszka, P., Starzec, S., Micha\u0142kiewicz, N., \u2026 Zajas, A. (2026). Gaming disorder and compensation-based gaming motivations: A longitudinal study of emerging adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 15(2), 746\u2013755. 10.1556\/2006.2025.00397https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2025.00397"},{"key":"B138","series-title":"Post-gaming return to reality: A key factor in predicting the positive and negative outcomes of escapism","author":"Strojny, A.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Strojny, A., & Strojny, P. (2025). Post-gaming return to reality: A key factor in predicting the positive and negative outcomes of escapism. [Manuscript under Review]."},{"key":"B139","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101064","article-title":"Escapism from the self, not from the world: A crucial but overlooked distinction in gaming disorder research","volume":"22","author":"Strojny, A.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Strojny, A., & Strojny, P. (2026). Escapism from the self, not from the world: A crucial but overlooked distinction in gaming disorder research. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 22, 101064. 10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101064https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2026.101064"},{"key":"B140","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109074","article-title":"The ties that (healthily) bind: Playing in groups increases game loyalty but decrease addiction","volume":"184","author":"Tai, S.-I.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tai, S.-I., Pham, T. L., Huang, T.-L., Dennis, A., Liu, C.-H., Liao, G.-Y., & Teng, C.-I. (2026). The ties that (healthily) bind: Playing in groups increases game loyalty but decrease addiction. Computers in Human Behavior, 184, 109074. 10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109074https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2026.109074"},{"key":"B141","series-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00913-y","article-title":"Attachment, emotion dysregulation, and video game play: Testing the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in gaming disorder","volume":"22","author":"Tang, K.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang, K., Hodgins, D., & Schluter, M. (2022). Attachment, emotion dysregulation, and video game play: Testing the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in gaming disorder. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 22, 1\u201315. 10.1007\/s11469-022-00913-yhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-022-00913-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"B142","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00013","article-title":"The interplay of gaming disorder, gaming motivations, and the dark triad","volume":"9","author":"Tang, W. Y.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang, W. Y., Reer, F., & Quandt, T. (2020). The interplay of gaming disorder, gaming motivations, and the dark triad. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 491\u2013496. 10.1556\/2006.2020.00013https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00013"},{"key":"B143","series-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-022-00825-x","article-title":"Need frustration, gaming motives, and internet gaming disorder in Mobile Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games: Through the lens of self-determination theory","volume":"21","author":"T'ng, S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"T'ng, S., Ho, K. H., & Pau, K. (2022). Need frustration, gaming motives, and internet gaming disorder in Mobile Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games: Through the lens of self-determination theory. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 21, 1\u201321. 10.1007\/s11469-022-00825-xhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-022-00825-x"},{"key":"B144","series-title":"Journal of Sport Behavior","first-page":"108","article-title":"The motivation scale for sport consumption: Assessment of the scale's psychometric properties","volume":"24","author":"Trail, G.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Trail, G., & James, J. (2001). The motivation scale for sport consumption: Assessment of the scale's psychometric properties. Journal of Sport Behavior, 24, 108\u2013127."},{"key":"B145","series-title":"Research Synthesis Methods","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.11","article-title":"Outlier and influence diagnostics\u00a0for meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Viechtbauer, W.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Viechtbauer, W., & Cheung, M. (2010). Outlier and influence diagnostics\u00a0for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 1, 112\u2013125. 10.1002\/jrsm.11https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.11"},{"key":"B146","series-title":"Decision Support Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2021.113512","article-title":"Exploring the effects of psychological ownership, gaming motivations, and primary\/secondary control on online game addiction","volume":"144","author":"Wang, X.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, X., Abdelhamid, M., & Sanders, G. L. (2021). Exploring the effects of psychological ownership, gaming motivations, and primary\/secondary control on online game addiction. Decision Support Systems, 144, 113512. 10.1016\/j.dss.2021.113512https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dss.2021.113512"},{"issue":"1","key":"B147","series-title":"Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/hbe2\/9159986","article-title":"The influence of player motivation on problematic online gaming of youth in China: A\u00a0mediation effect of age","volume":"2025","author":"Wang, C.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, C., Charles, F., & Tang, W. (2025). The influence of player motivation on problematic online gaming of youth in China: A\u00a0mediation effect of age. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2025(1), 9159986. 10.1155\/hbe2\/9159986https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/hbe2\/9159986"},{"issue":"2","key":"B148","series-title":"JMIR Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/23700","article-title":"The associations between gaming motivation and internet gaming disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Wang, H.-Y.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, H.-Y., & Cheng, C. (2022). The associations between gaming motivation and internet gaming disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Mental Health, 9(2), e23700. 10.2196\/23700https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/23700"},{"key":"B149","series-title":"Scientific Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32113-6","article-title":"Differences between recreational gamers and internet gaming disorder candidates in a sample of animal crossing: New Horizons players","volume":"13","author":"Wischert-Zielke, M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wischert-Zielke, M., & Barke, A. (2023). Differences between recreational gamers and internet gaming disorder candidates in a sample of animal crossing: New Horizons players. Scientific Reports, 13. 10.1038\/s41598-023-32113-6https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-32113-6"},{"key":"B150","series-title":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.)."},{"issue":"1","key":"B151","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.6.2017.007","article-title":"Motives for online gaming questionnaire: Its psychometric properties and correlation with internet gaming disorder symptoms among Chinese people","volume":"6","author":"Wu, A. M. S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu, A. M. S., Lai, M. H. C., Yu, S., Lau, J. T. F., & Lei, M.-W. (2017). Motives for online gaming questionnaire: Its psychometric properties and correlation with internet gaming disorder symptoms among Chinese people. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(1), 11\u201320. 10.1556\/2006.6.2017.007https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.6.2017.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"B152","series-title":"European Journal of Information Systems","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2011.56","article-title":"Online game addiction among adolescents: Motivation and prevention factors","volume":"21","author":"Xu, Z.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Turel, O., & Yuan, Y. (2012). Online game addiction among adolescents: Motivation and prevention factors. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(3), 321\u2013340. 10.1057\/ejis.2011.56https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/ejis.2011.56"},{"key":"B153","series-title":"Psychology of Popular Media","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000654","article-title":"Who will spend money uncontrollably in video games? The association between video game playing motivations and compulsive gaming buying among players of different genders","volume":"15","author":"Xu, F.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xu, F., Zhou, R., Niu, G., Min, C., Xu, X., Shi, H., \u2026 Zhou, Z. (2026). Who will spend money uncontrollably in video games? The association between video game playing motivations and compulsive gaming buying among players of different genders. Psychology of Popular Media, 15, 430\u2013441. 10.1037\/ppm0000654https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/ppm0000654"},{"issue":"14","key":"B154","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148332","article-title":"The impact of pandemic-related life stress on internet gaming: Social cynicism and gaming motivation as serial mediators","volume":"19","author":"Yan, E.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan, E., Sun, R.-W., Wu, A. M. S., Lai, D. W. L., & Lee, V. W. P. (2022). The impact of pandemic-related life stress on internet gaming: Social cynicism and gaming motivation as serial mediators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8332. 10.3390\/ijerph19148332https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19148332"},{"key":"B155","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2016.0562","article-title":"Motives matter: Motives for playing Pok\u00e9mon Go and implications for well-being","volume":"20","author":"Yang, C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, C., & Liu, D. (2017). Motives matter: Motives for playing Pok\u00e9mon Go and implications for well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20, 2017. 10.1089\/cyber.2016.0562https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2016.0562"},{"key":"B156","series-title":"Proceedings of DiGRA 2005 conference: Changing views: Worlds in play","article-title":"Motivations of play in MMORPGs","author":"Yee, N.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yee, N. (2005). Motivations of play in MMORPGs. In Proceedings of DiGRA 2005 conference: Changing views: Worlds in play."},{"issue":"6","key":"B157","series-title":"Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.772","article-title":"Motivations for play in online games","volume":"9","author":"Yee, N.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yee, N. (2006). Motivations for play in online games. Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society, 9(6), 772\u2013775. 10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.772https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cpb.2006.9.772"},{"issue":"5","key":"B158","series-title":"Asian Journal of Communication","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1080\/01292986.2012.748814","article-title":"Gaming motivations, avatar-self identification and symptoms of online game addiction","volume":"23","author":"Zhong, Z.-J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhong, Z.-J., & Yao, M. Z. (2013). Gaming motivations, avatar-self identification and symptoms of online game addiction. Asian Journal of Communication, 23(5), 555\u2013573. 10.1080\/01292986.2012.748814https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01292986.2012.748814"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/aop\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00121\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00121.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/aop\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00121\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00121.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:38:31Z","timestamp":1791279511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/aop\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00121\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00121.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"references-count":160,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2026.00121","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]}}}