{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:52:58Z","timestamp":1791215578577,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Akademiai Kiado Zrt.","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Funds for Beijing Municipal Universities","award":["154225001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["154225001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.akjournals.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JBA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-video platforms such as TikTok rely on personalized recommendation algorithms that curate highly tailored content streams. Although personalization is widely assumed to be associated with problematic use, the cognitive mechanisms linking personalization to problematic engagement remain unclear. The present study examined attentional selectivity in response to personalized short videos and how this selectivity varies with levels of problematic use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted an eye-tracking experiment using the dot-probe task in which individuals with higher and lower levels of problematic use viewed personalized screenshots drawn from their own recommendation feeds and general non-personalized screenshots. To eliminate stimulus confounds, each participant\u2019s personalized stimuli served as another participant\u2019s non-personalized stimuli.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant interaction between user group and stimulus type was revealed. Individuals with lower levels of problematic use displayed selective attentional bias toward personalized content, whereas individuals with higher levels of problematic use showed comparable bias toward personalized and non-personalized content. Eye-tracking indices mirrored this pattern, indicating lower selectivity in gaze allocation among individuals with higher versus lower levels of problematic use. To further quantify this pattern, we computed attentional selectivity indices reflecting the difference in bias toward personalized versus non-personalized stimuli. Higher problematic-use scores significantly correlated with lower attentional selectivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that individuals with higher problematic short-video use exhibit less differentiated attentional responses to personalized versus non-personalized short-video cues, with attentional bias generalizing beyond personally tailored cues. This pattern highlights attentional selectivity as a potential cognitive process linking personalization and problematic short-video engagement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2026.00137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:10:33Z","timestamp":1791213033000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/policypage.crossmark.crossref.2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personalization and attentional bias in problematic short-video use"],"prefix":"10.1556","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7707-8375","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sihan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6117-5694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nisha","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5205-9010","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jon D.","family":"Elhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3038-1786","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"425","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B2","series-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000160","article-title":"The\u00a0relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Andreassen, C. S.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The\u00a0relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252\u2013262. 10.1037\/adb0000160https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000160"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"The\u00a0British Journal of Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2025.10379","article-title":"Cue reactivity towards distal cues in specific types of problematic usage of the internet: Findings from diagnostically validated samples","author":"Antons, S.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Antons, S., M\u00fcller, S. M., Thomas, T. A., Schmid, A. M., Kessling, A., Joshi, M., \u2026 Brand, M. (2025). Cue reactivity towards distal cues in specific types of problematic usage of the internet: Findings from diagnostically validated samples. The\u00a0British Journal of Psychiatry, 1\u201313. 10.1192\/bjp.2025.10379https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2025.10379"},{"issue":"8","key":"B5","series-title":"Clinical Psychology Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.09.004","article-title":"Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: A meta-analytic review and synthesis","volume":"32","author":"Armstrong, T.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Armstrong, T., & Olatunji, B. O. (2012). Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: A meta-analytic review and synthesis. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(8), 704\u2013723. 10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.09.004https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.09.004"},{"key":"B6","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.141","article-title":"Attention allocation in OCD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of eye-tracking-based research","volume":"324","author":"Basel, D.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Basel, D., Hallel, H., Dar, R., & Lazarov, A. (2023). Attention allocation in OCD: A systematic review and meta-analysis of eye-tracking-based research. Journal of Affective Disorders, 324, 539\u2013550. 10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.141https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.141"},{"issue":"8","key":"B7","series-title":"American Psychologist","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000059","article-title":"Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction","volume":"71","author":"Berridge, K. C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Berridge, K. C., & Robinson, T. E. (2016). Liking, wanting, and the incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. American Psychologist, 71(8), 670\u2013679. 10.1037\/amp0000059https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0000059"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106509","article-title":"\u201cI like it\u201d and \u201cI need it\u201d: Relationship between implicit associations, flow, and addictive social media use","volume":"113","author":"Brailovskaia, J.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brailovskaia, J., & Teichert, T. (2020). \u201cI like it\u201d and \u201cI need it\u201d: Relationship between implicit associations, flow, and addictive social media use. Computers in Human Behavior, 113, 106509. 10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106509https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106509"},{"issue":"2","key":"B9","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00035","article-title":"Which conditions should be considered as disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) designation of \u201cother specified disorders due to addictive behaviors\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Brand, M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brand, M., Rumpf, H., Demetrovics, Z., M\u00fcller, A., Stark, R., King, D. L., \u2026 Potenza, M. N. (2022). Which conditions should be considered as disorders in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) designation of \u201cother specified disorders due to addictive behaviors\u201d. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(2), 150\u2013159. 10.1556\/2006.2020.00035https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2020.00035"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032","article-title":"The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors\u00a0beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors","volume":"104","author":"Brand, M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brand, M., Wegmann, E., Stark, R., Mueller, A., Woelfling, K., Robbins, T. W., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors\u00a0beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1\u201310. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033","article-title":"Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model","volume":"71","author":"Brand, M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Woelfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252\u2013266. 10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033"},{"key":"bib65","series-title":"Health Psychology Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127796","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.127796","article-title":"Does TikTok addiction exist? A qualitative study","volume":"13","author":"Caponnetto, P.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Caponnetto, P., Lanzafame, I., Prezzavento, G. C., Fakhrou, A., Lenzo, V., Sardella, A., Moussa, M. A., & Quattropani, M. C. (2025). Does TikTok addiction exist? A qualitative study. Health Psychology Research, 13, 127796. 10.52965\/001c.127796https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52965\/001c.127796. 39790100."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"BMC Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1503-z","article-title":"Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical college students","volume":"17","author":"Chen, B.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, B., Liu, F., Ding, S., Ying, X., Wang, L., & Wen, Y. (2017). Gender differences in factors associated with smartphone addiction: A cross-sectional study among medical college students. BMC Psychiatry, 17, 341. 10.1186\/s12888-017-1503-zhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-017-1503-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"B13","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010373","article-title":"A scoping review of cognitive bias in internet addiction and internet gaming disorders","volume":"17","author":"Chia, D.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chia, D., & Zhang, M. (2020). A scoping review of cognitive bias in internet addiction and internet gaming disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 373. 10.3390\/ijerph17010373https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17010373"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.672","article-title":"Internal reliability of the alcohol-related visual probe task is increased by utilising personalised stimuli and eye-tracking","volume":"155","author":"Christiansen, P.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Christiansen, P., Mansfield, R., Duckworth, J., Field, M., & Jones, A. (2015). Internal reliability of the alcohol-related visual probe task is increased by utilising personalised stimuli and eye-tracking. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 155, 170\u2013174. 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.672https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.672"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Clinical Psychology Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102142","article-title":"Eye tracking evidence of threat-related attentional bias in anxiety- and fear-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Clauss, K.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clauss, K., Gorday, J. Y., & Bardeen, J. R. (2022). Eye tracking evidence of threat-related attentional bias in anxiety- and fear-related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 93, 102142. 10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102142https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2022.102142"},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2017.12.007","article-title":"Attentional biases of vigilance and maintenance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: An eye-tracking study","volume":"20","author":"Cludius, B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cludius, B., Wenzlaff, F., Briken, P., & Wittekind, C. E. (2019). Attentional biases of vigilance and maintenance in obsessive-compulsive disorder: An eye-tracking study. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 20, 30\u201338. 10.1016\/j.jocrd.2017.12.007https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocrd.2017.12.007"},{"key":"B17","series-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2023.152399","article-title":"Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder","volume":"125","author":"Diers, M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diers, M., M\u00fcller, S. M., Mallon, L., Schmid, A. M., Thomas, T. A., Klein, L., \u2026 Antons, S. (2023). Cue-reactivity to distal cues in individuals at risk for gaming disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 125, 152399. 10.1016\/j.comppsych.2023.152399https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2023.152399"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"B18","series-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.030","article-title":"Attentional bias in addictive behaviors: A review of its development, causes, and consequences","volume":"97","author":"Field, M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Field, M., & Cox, W. M. (2008). Attentional bias in addictive behaviors: A review of its development, causes, and consequences. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 97(1\u20132), 1\u201320. 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.030https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.030"},{"issue":"8","key":"B19","series-title":"Health Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000405","article-title":"The role of attentional bias in obesity and addiction","volume":"35","author":"Field, M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Field, M., Werthmann, J., Franken, I., Hofmann, W., Hogarth, L., & Roefs, A. (2016). The role of attentional bias in obesity and addiction. Health Psychology, 35(8), 767\u2013780. 10.1037\/hea0000405https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/hea0000405"},{"key":"B20","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/384018a0","article-title":"Nicotine, tobacco and addiction","volume":"384","author":"Griffiths, M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Griffiths, M. (1996). Nicotine, tobacco and addiction. Nature, 384, 18. 10.1038\/384018a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/384018a0"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"The\u00a0Psychologist:\u00a0Bulletin of the British Psychological Society","first-page":"246","article-title":"Internet addiction: Fact or fiction?","volume":"12","author":"Griffiths, M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Griffiths, M. (1999). Internet addiction: Fact or fiction? The\u00a0Psychologist:\u00a0Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 12, 246\u2013250."},{"issue":"2","key":"B22","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2025.00038","article-title":"Temporal dynamics in attentional bias toward shopping cues among problematic online shoppers","volume":"14","author":"Guo, Y.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Elhai, J. D., Montag, C., Liu, D., Zhang, X., & Yang, H. (2025). Temporal dynamics in attentional bias toward shopping cues among problematic online shoppers. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 14(2), 1079\u20131094. 10.1556\/2006.2025.00038https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2025.00038"},{"issue":"672","key":"B23","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00672","article-title":"Problematic mobile phone and smartphone use scales: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Harris, B.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harris, B., Regan, T., Schueler, J., & Fields, S. A. (2020). Problematic mobile phone and smartphone use scales: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(672). 10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00672https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00672"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.11.020","article-title":"Excessive use of online video streaming services: Impact of recommender system use, psychological factors, and motives","volume":"80","author":"Hasan, M. R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hasan, M. R., Jha, A. K., & Liu, Y. (2018). Excessive use of online video streaming services: Impact of recommender system use, psychological factors, and motives. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 220\u2013228. 10.1016\/j.chb.2017.11.020https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.11.020"},{"issue":"4","key":"B25","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.037","article-title":"Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland","volume":"4","author":"Haug, S.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haug, S., Castro, R. P., Kwon, M., Filler, A., Kowatsch, T., & Schaub, M. P. (2015). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction among young people in Switzerland. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(4), 299\u2013307. 10.1556\/2006.4.2015.037https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.4.2015.037"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2025.108852","article-title":"Neural correlates of social exclusion in individuals with excessive smartphone use","volume":"176","author":"Henemann, G. M.","year":"2026","unstructured":"Henemann, G. M., Schmitgen, M. M., Haage, S. H., Rosero, J. P., Bach, P., Wolf, N. D., \u2026 Wolf, R. C. (2026). Neural correlates of social exclusion in individuals with excessive smartphone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 176, 108852. 10.1016\/j.chb.2025.108852https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2025.108852"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1355204","article-title":"The role of attentional control in moderating attentional bias towards game-related stimuli in individuals with a high tendency for internet gaming addiction","volume":"15","author":"Heo, Y.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heo, Y., Lee, G., & Lee, J. (2024). The role of attentional control in moderating attentional bias towards game-related stimuli in individuals with a high tendency for internet gaming addiction. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1355204. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1355204https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1355204"},{"issue":"10","key":"B28","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking","first-page":"672","article-title":"Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of video addiction scales: The Chinese YouTube addiction scale for Taiwan and Hong Kong","volume":"28","author":"Huang, P. C.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang, P. C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, I. H., Chen, J. K., Pramukti, I., Yu, R. L., \u2026 Lin, C. Y. (2025). Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of video addiction scales: The Chinese YouTube addiction scale for Taiwan and Hong Kong. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 28(10), 672\u2013679."},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.971589","article-title":"A techno-psychological approach to understanding problematic use of short-form video applications: The role of flow","volume":"13","author":"Huang, Q.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, Q., Hu, M., & Zhang, N. (2022). A techno-psychological approach to understanding problematic use of short-form video applications: The role of flow. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 971589. 10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.971589https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.971589"},{"key":"B30","series-title":"Critical perspectives on smartphone addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-96188-5","author":"James, R.","year":"2026","unstructured":"James, R., & Hitcham, L. (2026). Critical perspectives on smartphone addiction (1st ed.). Palgrave Macmillan Cham. 10.1007\/978-3-031-96188-5https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-96188-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"B31","series-title":"Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.13936\/j.cnki.cjdd1992.2019.05.006","article-title":"Research on characteristics of attentional bias in the problematic mobile social network use behavior","volume":"28","author":"Jiang, Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Bai, H., Bai, X., Qi, S., & Wu, Y. (2019). Research on characteristics of attentional bias in the problematic mobile social network use behavior. Chinese Journal of Drug Dependence, 28(5), 353\u2013358. 10.13936\/j.cnki.cjdd1992.2019.05.006https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13936\/j.cnki.cjdd1992.2019.05.006"},{"issue":"3","key":"B32","series-title":"Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002083","article-title":"The time course of attentional biases in pain: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies","volume":"162","author":"Jones, E. B.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones, E. B., Sharpe, L., Andrews, S., Colagiuri, B., Dudeney, J., Fox, E., \u2026 Vervoort, T. (2021). The time course of attentional biases in pain: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking studies. Pain, 162(3), 687\u2013701. 10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002083https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002083"},{"issue":"10","key":"B33","series-title":"Addiction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1111\/add.70099","article-title":"Effects of acute psychosocial stress on cue-reactivity, attentional bias and implicit associations in women with problematic social network use: An experimental study","volume":"120","author":"Kessling, A.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kessling, A., M\u00fcller, A., Wolf, O. T., Merz, C. J., Brand, M., & Wegmann, E. (2025). Effects of acute psychosocial stress on cue-reactivity, attentional bias and implicit associations in women with problematic social network use: An experimental study. Addiction, 120(10), 2067\u20132079. 10.1111\/add.70099https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.70099"},{"issue":"3","key":"B34","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2023.00035","article-title":"Implicit cognitions in problematic social network use","volume":"2","author":"Kessling, A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kessling, A., Schmidt, L. D., Brand, M., & Wegmann, E. (2023). Implicit cognitions in problematic social network use. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(3), 590\u2013598. 10.1556\/2006.2023.00035https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2023.00035"},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 13th ACM web science conference 2021","article-title":"Trick and please. A mixed-method study on user assumptions about the TikTok algorithm","author":"Klug, D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klug, D., Qin, Y., Evans, M., & Kaufman, G. (2021). Trick and please. A mixed-method study on user assumptions about the TikTok algorithm. In Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 13th ACM web science conference 2021. United Kingdom: Virtual Event."},{"issue":"12","key":"B36","series-title":"PLoS One","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558","article-title":"The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents","volume":"8","author":"Kwon, M.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kwon, M., Kim, D., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: Development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS One, 8(12), e83558. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558"},{"key":"B37","series-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.063","article-title":"Increased attention allocation to socially threatening faces in social anxiety disorder: A replication study","volume":"290","author":"Lazarov, A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lazarov, A., Basel, D., Dolan, S., Dillon, D. G., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Schneier, F. R. (2021). Increased attention allocation to socially threatening faces in social anxiety disorder: A replication study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 290, 169\u2013177. 10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.063https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.04.063"},{"issue":"17","key":"B38","series-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10713","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2024.2436736","article-title":"Honor the contract? Effects of algorithmic recommendation system features on perceived benefits, privacy risk, and continuance intention to use TikTok","volume":"41","author":"Li, J.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, J., Chen, T., Li, S., & Hu, B. (2024). Honor the contract? Effects of algorithmic recommendation system features on perceived benefits, privacy risk, and continuance intention to use TikTok. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 41(17), 10713\u201310724. 10.1080\/10447318.2024.2436736https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2024.2436736"},{"key":"B39","series-title":"Clinical Psychology Review","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.04.002","article-title":"A dual process perspective on advances in cognitive science and alcohol use disorder","volume":"69","author":"Lindgren, K. P.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lindgren, K. P., Hendershot, C. S., Ramirez, J. J., Bernat, E., Rangel-Gomez, M., Peterson, K. P., & Murphy, J. G. (2019). A dual process perspective on advances in cognitive science and alcohol use disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 69, 83\u201396. 10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.04.002https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.04.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"B40","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2022.00013","article-title":"Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11): Introduction of a new screening instrument capturing ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder and other potential internet-use disorders","volume":"11","author":"M\u00fcller, S. M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, S. M., Wegmann, E., Oelker, A., Stark, R., M\u00fcller, A., Montag, C., \u2026 Brand, M. (2022). Assessment of Criteria for Specific Internet-use Disorders (ACSID-11): Introduction of a new screening instrument capturing ICD-11 criteria for gaming disorder and other potential internet-use disorders. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 11(2), 427\u2013450. 10.1556\/2006.2022.00013https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2022.00013"},{"key":"B41","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2023.100327","article-title":"Rethinking classifications and metrics for problematic smartphone use and dependence: Addressing the call for reassessment","volume":"12","author":"Nawaz, S.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nawaz, S. (2023). Rethinking classifications and metrics for problematic smartphone use and dependence: Addressing the call for reassessment. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 12, 100327. 10.1016\/j.chbr.2023.100327https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2023.100327"},{"issue":"4","key":"B42","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.60","article-title":"Attentional bias in internet users with problematic use of social networking sites","volume":"8","author":"Nikolaidou, M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nikolaidou, M., Fraser, D. S., & Hinvest, N. (2019). Attentional bias in internet users with problematic use of social networking sites. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(4), 733\u2013742. 10.1556\/2006.8.2019.60https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.8.2019.60"},{"key":"B43","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.661483","article-title":"ICD-11-Based assessment of social media use disorder in adolescents: Development and validation of the social media use disorder scale for adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Paschke, K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paschke, K., Austermann, M. I., & Thomasius, R. (2021). ICD-11-Based assessment of social media use disorder in adolescents: Development and validation of the social media use disorder scale for adolescents. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 661483. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.661483https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.661483"},{"issue":"6","key":"B44","series-title":"European Journal of Pain","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.608","article-title":"Gaze behaviour when monitoring pain faces: An eye-tracking study","volume":"19","author":"Priebe, J. A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Priebe, J. A., Messingschlager, M., & Lautenbacher, S. (2014). Gaze behaviour when monitoring pain faces: An eye-tracking study. European Journal of Pain, 19(6), 817\u2013825. 10.1002\/ejp.608https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejp.608"},{"key":"B45","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032089","article-title":"Flow experience is a key factor in the likelihood of adolescents' problematic TikTok use: The moderating role of active parental mediation","volume":"20","author":"Qin, Y.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin, Y., Musetti, A., & Omar, B. (2023). Flow experience is a key factor in the likelihood of adolescents' problematic TikTok use: The moderating role of active parental mediation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20, 2089. 10.3390\/ijerph20032089https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20032089"},{"issue":"3","key":"B46","series-title":"Brain Research Reviews","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-p","article-title":"The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction","volume":"18","author":"Robinson, T. E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18(3), 247\u2013291. 10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-phttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-p"},{"issue":"2","key":"B47","series-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0156","article-title":"Comparing smartphone, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat: Which platform elicits the greatest use disorder symptoms?","volume":"24","author":"Rozgonjuk, D.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rozgonjuk, D., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J. D., & Montag, C. (2021). Comparing smartphone, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat: Which platform elicits the greatest use disorder symptoms? Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 24(2), 129\u2013134. 10.1089\/cyber.2020.0156https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cyber.2020.0156"},{"key":"B48","series-title":"Addictive Behaviors","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107259","article-title":"Needs affordance as a key factor in likelihood of problematic social media use: Validation, latent profile analysis and comparison of TikTok and Facebook problematic use measures","volume":"129","author":"Smith, T.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smith, T., & Short, A. (2022). Needs affordance as a key factor in likelihood of problematic social media use: Validation, latent profile analysis and comparison of TikTok and Facebook problematic use measures. Addictive Behaviors, 129, 107259. 10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107259https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107259"},{"key":"B49","series-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131444","article-title":"Implicit cognition and addiction: A tool for explaining paradoxical behavior","volume":"6","author":"Stacy, A. W.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stacy, A. W., & Wiers, R. W. (2010). Implicit cognition and addiction: A tool for explaining paradoxical behavior. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 551\u2013575. 10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131444https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131444"},{"key":"B50","series-title":"NeuroImage","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118136","article-title":"Viewing personalized video clips recommended by TikTok activates default mode network and ventral tegmental area","volume":"237","author":"Su, C.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Su, C., Zhou, H., Gong, L., Teng, B., Geng, F., & Hu, Y. (2021). Viewing personalized video clips recommended by TikTok activates default mode network and ventral tegmental area. NeuroImage, 237, 118136. 10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118136https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118136"},{"key":"bib66","series-title":"Technology in Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2024.102548","article-title":"The metacognitive-motivational links between stress and short-form video addiction","volume":"77","author":"Sun, R.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, R., Zhang, M. X., Yeh, C., Ung, C. O. L., & Wu, A. M. (2024). The metacognitive-motivational links between stress and short-form video addiction. Technology in Society, 77, 102548. 10.1016\/j.techsoc.2024.102548https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.techsoc.2024.102548"},{"issue":"2","key":"B51","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00011","article-title":"Social media \u2018addiction\u2019: The absence of an attentional bias to social media stimuli","volume":"10","author":"Thomson, K.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thomson, K., Hunter, S. C., Butler, S. H., & Robertson, D. J. (2021). Social media \u2018addiction\u2019: The absence of an attentional bias to social media stimuli. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10(2), 302\u2013313. 10.1556\/2006.2021.00011https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2021.00011"},{"issue":"1","key":"B52","series-title":"Information Technology & People","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1108\/ITP-04-2020-0186","article-title":"How short-form video features influence addiction behavior? Empirical research from the opponent process theory perspective","volume":"36","author":"Tian, X.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian, X., Bi, X., & Chen, H. (2023). How short-form video features influence addiction behavior? Empirical research from the opponent process theory perspective. Information Technology & People, 36(1), 387\u2013408. 10.1108\/ITP-04-2020-0186https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ITP-04-2020-0186"},{"issue":"4","key":"B53","series-title":"Journal of Research in Personality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.03.007","article-title":"Happy and angry faces: Subclinical levels of anxiety are differentially related to attentional biases in men and women","volume":"47","author":"Tran, U. S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tran, U. S., Lamplmayr, E., Pintzinger, N. M., & Pfabigan, D. M. (2013). Happy and angry faces: Subclinical levels of anxiety are differentially related to attentional biases in men and women. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(4), 390\u2013397. 10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.03.007https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrp.2013.03.007"},{"key":"B54","series-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-025-10363-0","article-title":"Attentional bias for internet-related information and emotional information in internet addiction: Moderating role of sleep impairment","author":"Tsumura, H.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tsumura, H., & Kusunoki, K. (2025). Attentional bias for internet-related information and emotional information in internet addiction: Moderating role of sleep impairment. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 10.1007\/s12529-025-10363-0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12529-025-10363-0"},{"key":"B55","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.038","article-title":"The social media disorder scale","volume":"61","author":"van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M.","year":"2016","unstructured":"van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Lemmens, J. S., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2016). The social media disorder scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 61, 478\u2013487. 10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.038https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.038"},{"issue":"3","key":"B56","series-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2024.00039","article-title":"Attentional bias to social media stimuli is moderated by fear of missing out among problematic social media users","volume":"13","author":"Wang, Y.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Elhai, J. D., Montag, C., Zhang, L., & Yang, H. (2024). Attentional bias to social media stimuli is moderated by fear of missing out among problematic social media users. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 13(3), 807\u2013822. 10.1556\/2006.2024.00039https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2024.00039"},{"issue":"1","key":"B58","series-title":"Journal of Information Resources Management","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.13365\/j.jirm.2023.01.065","article-title":"An empirical study on the influence of socio-technical factors on short video addiction: The moderating effect of recommendation algorithms","volume":"13","author":"Xie, X.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie, X., & Du, Y. (2023). An empirical study on the influence of socio-technical factors on short video addiction: The moderating effect of recommendation algorithms. Journal of Information Resources Management, 13(1), 65\u201377. 128. 10.13365\/j.jirm.2023.01.065https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13365\/j.jirm.2023.01.065"},{"key":"B59","series-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1361497","article-title":"A multidimensional framework for understanding problematic use of short video platforms: The role of individual, social-environmental, and platform factors","volume":"15","author":"Xiong, S.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiong, S., Chen, J., & Yao, N. (2024). A multidimensional framework for understanding problematic use of short video platforms: The role of individual, social-environmental, and platform factors. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1361497. 10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1361497https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1361497"},{"key":"B60","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7247","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147247","article-title":"Can watching online videos be addictive? A qualitative exploration of online video watching among Chinese young adults","volume":"18","author":"Yang, Z.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Griffiths, M. D., Yan, Z., & Xu, W. (2021). Can watching online videos be addictive? A qualitative exploration of online video watching among Chinese young adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 7247. 10.3390\/ijerph18147247https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18147247"},{"key":"B61","series-title":"Telematics and Informatics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2023.102050","article-title":"What motivates users to continue using current short video applications? A\u00a0dual-path examination of flow experience and cognitive lock-in","volume":"85","author":"Yang, H.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, H., Zhang, S., Diao, Z., & Sun, D. (2023). What motivates users to continue using current short video applications? A\u00a0dual-path examination of flow experience and cognitive lock-in. Telematics and Informatics, 85, 102050. 10.1016\/j.tele.2023.102050https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2023.102050"},{"key":"B62","series-title":"Computers in Human Behavior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107751","article-title":"Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic TikTok use severity: The mediating role of boredom proneness and distress intolerance","volume":"145","author":"Yao, N.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao, N., Chen, J., Huang, S., Montag, C., & Elhai, J. D. (2023). Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic TikTok use severity: The mediating role of boredom proneness and distress intolerance. Computers in Human Behavior, 145, 107751. 10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107751https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2023.107751"},{"key":"B63","series-title":"E3S web conferences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/20212350302","article-title":"Analysis on the \u201cDouyin (Tiktok) Mania\u201d phenomenon based on recommendation algorithms","volume":"235","author":"Zhao, Z.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, Z. (2021). Analysis on the \u201cDouyin (Tiktok) Mania\u201d phenomenon based on recommendation algorithms. In E3S web conferences. Vol. 235. (pp. 3029). 10.1051\/e3sconf\/20212350302https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/e3sconf\/20212350302"},{"issue":"24","key":"B64","series-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416938","article-title":"Attentional bias is associated with negative emotions in problematic users of social media as measured by a dot-probe task","volume":"19","author":"Zhao, J.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Zhou, Z., Sun, B., Zhang, X., Zhang, L., & Fu, S. (2022). Attentional bias is associated with negative emotions in problematic users of social media as measured by a dot-probe task. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), 16938. 10.3390\/ijerph192416938https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192416938"}],"container-title":["Journal of Behavioral Addictions"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/aop\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00137\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00137.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/2006\/aop\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00137\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00137.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:10:36Z","timestamp":1791213036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.akjournals.com\/view\/journals\/2006\/aop\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00137\/article-10.1556-2006.2026.00137.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.2026.00137","relation":{},"ISSN":["2062-5871","2063-5303"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2062-5871","type":"print"},{"value":"2063-5303","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]}}}